ArchiveThis paper aimed to analyze the current development status and issues of the dairy industry chain in the Walloon region of Belgium, explore its optimization pathways, and summarize the implications for the development of China's dairy industry. By examining the characteristics of breeding, processing, circulation, and consumption in this industry chain, combined with relevant data analysis, it is found that although the dairy industry in the Walloon region is the core of the regional agricultural economy and has advantages in butter production, it still faces prominent problems such as the reduction of breeding entities, a single product structure, imbalanced channel bargaining power, and insufficient industry chain coordination. Finally, based on the actual development of China's dairy industry and the experience of the Walloon region's dairy industry development, development insights that are adaptable are drawn to provide a reference for the high-quality development of China's dairy industry.
Against the backdrop of a new stage in China's dairy industry characterized by the concurrent pursuit of structural adjustment and quality improvement, the industry faces dinternal and external challenges. Dairy development has transitioned from mere scale expansion to a new phase that equally emphasizes quality improvement, innovation-driven growth, and supply chain synergy. This implieman resource management in dairy enterprises must be adjusted, shifting the focus from cost control to quality and safety, technological innovation, and supply chain coordination, thereby placing higher demands on compensation incentivenisms. Based on value chain incentive and collaborative incentive theories, this paper analyzed the current incentive mechanism of Bright Dairy and finds issues such as a short-term performance orientation, insufficient differentiation in inces, and weak application of medium- and long-term incentive tools. To address these, the paper proposed adjusting the compensation system to combine short-, medium-, and long-term assessments, impld incentives, and explore long-term incentive mechanisms, providing references for the optimization of Bright Dairy's compensation incentive mechanism.
To investigate the effects of estrus synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) technology on the conception rate of dairy goats, providing technical support for improving breeding efficiency and standardized development of the industry.
A total of 3 805 breeding does from 37 dairy goat farms in Longxian County, Shaanxi Province, were studied.Two breeding methods were compared: ①natural estrus+AI; and②estrus synchronization (using intravaginal sponges impregnated with fluorogestone acetate combined with PMSG and PG hormone treatments) +AI.The conception rate was determined via ultrasound pregnancy testing, and the effects of farming methods, insemination sites, breeding timing, and other factors were analyzed.
The average conception rate in the estrus synchronization+AI group was 71.56%, significantly higher than that in the natural estrus group (68.56%).The optimal combination was semi-grazing and semi-penned farming (73.10%), cervical insemination (74.39%), and breeding in August (75.49%).
Estrus synchronization technology can significantly improve the conception rate of dairy goats, with its effectiveness influenced by farming models, operational protocols, and seasonal factors.Tailored implementation plans are recommended to promote high-quality industry development.
Based on the current development of intensive dairy farming in Daxing District, Beijing, and in response to the requirements of low-carbon agricultural development, this study aimed to accurately characterize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from intensive dairy farms, explore low-carbon development pathways for dairy farming, and optimize manure management methods, thereby providing practical support for emission reduction and carbon sequestration in the dairy industry.
Following the Monitoring Technical Specification for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock Enterprises (Organizations) (T/LCAA 004—2020) issued by the Beijing Low-Carbon Agriculture Association, this study collected baseline data from two demonstration dairy farms in Daxing District using a combination of questionnaire surveys, telephone interviews, and on-site discussions. Taking Beijing Sunlon Agriculture Chuanghui Dairy Farm as a typical case, a standardized accounting method was applied to accurately calculate and analyze GHG emissions across various stages of dairy production.
In 2021, the total GHG emissions from Chuanghui Dairy Farm were 11 750.13 t CO2e, with emission intensity per ton of raw milk at 1.464 t CO2e/t. Methane emissions from manure management (5 775.54 t CO2e, accounting for 49.15%) and enteric fermentation (4 333.70 t CO2e, accounting for 36.88%) were the primary emission sources. Together, these two methane emission sources accounted for 86.03% of total emissions, while emissions related to energy consumption were relatively low.
GHG emissions from intensive dairy farms are mainly concentrated in manure management and enteric fermentation. Optimizing manure treatment methods, improving feed composition, and promoting clean energy alternatives are key strategies for achieving low-carbon development in the dairy industry and meeting emission reduction and carbon sequestration goals.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with methionine dipeptide on milk yield, milk composition, and milk protein production in dairy cows, providing experimental evidence for the application of methionine dipeptide in dairy farming.
A total of 120 healthy Chinese Holstein cows were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, with 60 cows per group and 5 replicates per group. The control group was fed a conventional basal diet, while the treatment group received the basal diet supplemented with 50.0 mg/kg of methionine dipeptide. The experimental period lasted 70 days. During the experiment, milk yield, feed-to-milk ratio, somatic cell count, and milk protein content were measured for both groups.
The treatment group showed a significantly lower feed-to-milk ratio compared to the control group (P<0.05), and the average daily milk yield and peak milk yield were highly significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The milk protein percentage in the treatment group was increased by 30.77% compared to the control group (P<0.01), while somatic cell count was reduced by 75.79% (P<0.01). The content of β-lactoglobulin in milk was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the contents of α-casein, β-casein, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulin were highly significantly increased (P<0.01). The κ-casein content was highly significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in milk urea nitrogen, lactose, milk solids, or milk fat content (P>0.05).
Supplementation of the basal diet with 50.0 mg/kg of methionine dipeptide can significantly enhance the lactation performance of dairy cows, improve milk quality, increase milk protein-related indicators, and reduce somatic cell count in milk, thereby exerting a positive effect on the healthy management of dairy cows.
To investigate the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on production performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function of dairy cows, and to provide theoretical basis for improving dairy cattle breeding efficiency and health management.
Seventy-two cows with similar first litter, milk production and body condition were selected and randomly divided into four groups: control group (CON), low-dose group (APS 1.5), medium-dose group (APS 3.0) and high-dose group (APS 4.5).The control group was fed the basal diet, and the other three groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 g/kg Astragalus polysaccharide, respectively.The pre-experimental period lasted 15 d, and the formal experimental period lasted 60 d.during which milk production, milk composition, antioxidant indicators and immune indicators were monitored and analyzed.
Milk production in the APS 3.0 group was significantly improved, milk protein rate, milk fat rate and dry matter content were improved, and somatic cell number was significantly reduced; serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly reduced in each experiment group; The immunoglobulin IgA and IgM contents in the astragalus polysaccharide-supplemented groups were significantly increased, while the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content was significantly decreased, with the medium-dose group showing the optimal effect.
Astragalus polysaccharide cansignificantly improve the production performance of dairy cows, enhance antioxidant capacity and immune function, among which 3.0 g/kg addition has the best effect and has high application value in breeding.
This study aimed to explore integrated prevention and control strategies for necrobacillosis in sheep using a combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and western medicine.
Based on the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of the disease, TCM theory was applied to attribute it to internal invasion of damp-heat toxins and stagnation of qi and blood.The treatment principles included clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, and eliminating necrotic tissue to promote granulation.This integrated approach combined precise pathogen control from western medicine with holistic regulation and green therapies of TCM.
A multi-dimensional prevention and control system was established, emphasizing "prevention over treatment, integration of rearing and prevention, and combined application of Chinese and western medicine," which provided more effective, safe, and sustainable solutions for clinical practice.
The integrated strategy addresses the limitations of conventional western methods (e.g., antibiotic resistance, drug residues) and contributes significantly to the healthy development of the sheep industry.
To explore the strategy and effect of prevention and treatment of sheep infectious pustular dermatitis with traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
Combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine: western medicine can resist secondary infection and treat local symptoms, while traditional Chinese medicine has broad-spectrum antivirus, overall conditioning and promote tissue regeneration.
Western medicine therapy takes effect quickly but the overall adjustment is weak, while Chinese medicine therapy emphasizes the overall adjustment but takes effect relatively slowly.The combination of the two can complement each other, accelerate rehabilitation, reduce recurrence and reduce the use of antibiotics.
The organic combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine can synergize and improve the cure rate, which is an effective way to prevent and control the disease.
Bovine mastitis is a major disease constraining the healthy development of the dairy industry. Mycoplasma bovis, as one of its key pathogens, is characterized by high contagiosity, strong pathogenicity, and a lack of effective treatments, making its rapid and accurate detection crucial for prevention and control.This paper systematically reviewed the research progress in detection techniques for Mycoplasma bovis, primarily including traditional microbial isolation and culture, serological testing, and DNA-based molecular detection technologies. The advantages and limitations of various methods were analyzed.It is highlighted that molecular detection technologies—especially qPCR—demonstrate significant superiority in sensitivity and specificity, while emerging isothermal amplification technologies such as RPA and LAMP show great potential for field application due to their simplicity, rapidity, and low equipment dependency.This review aimed to provide theoretical support and technical references for the early diagnosis and integrated prevention and control of bovine mastitis.
Psychrophilic bacteria can grow and reproduce at low temperatures ranging from 0 to 5 ℃ and secrete large amounts of extracellular heat-resistant proteases, making them a major cause of spoilage and deterioration of raw milk and its products. Even after conventional heat treatment processes used in dairy production, some residual activity of these heat-resistant proteases remains. These residual proteases continuously break down casein in milk and act synergistically with lipases, leading to quality issues such as bitterness, coagulation, and stratification in dairy products, thereby shortening their shelf life. This paper systematically reviewed the definition, bacterial classification, and contamination pathways of lactobacillus-derived psychrophilic bacteria, and elaborates on the classification, thermostable characteristics, and mechanism of action of proteases on dairy product quality. At the same time, it summarized the current application status of mainstream detection methods for thermostable proteases (Folin-Phenol method, ELISA method) and quantitative and qualitative detection techniques for psychrophilic bacteria (traditional plate culture method, PCR, low cytometry, third-generation gene sequencing technology), and compares the technical advantages and limitations of each method. In addition, this study combined the latest technological progress and from three dimensions of source control, precise detection, and inhibition of residual heat-resistant protease activity, looks forward to future research priorities, in order to provide theoretical basis and practical technical support for the dairy industry to achieve efficient and precise control of psychrophilic bacteria and thermostable proteases, product quality upgrade, and stable shelf life guarantee.
As a developed animal husbandry country, Australia has established a mature and comprehensive supervision system for dairy product quality and safety, which provides a solid guarantee for the global reputation of its dairy products.This paper systematically reviewed the organizational structure, laws, regulations and standards, as well as the whole-chain risk management plan covering farm inputs, on-farm production, raw milk transportation, processing, distribution, and market listing of Australia's dairy quality and safety supervision system.The study found that the core characteristics of the Australian supervision system lie in "hierarchical responsibility, whole-chain control, rule-of-law guarantee, and social synergy." Drawing on its successful experience, China should improve its dairy quality and safety supervision system by enhancing quality standards and legal construction, establishing a multi-stakeholder supervision system with clear responsibilities, strengthening risk early warning and whole-chain traceability systems, and upgrading detection technology capabilities, thereby promoting high-quality development of the dairy industry.
To establish and evaluate a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for detecting Salmonella paratyphi B in dairy products.
Specific invA gene of Salmonella paratyphi B was used as the target to design primers. After optimizing the qPCR reaction system and conditions with SYBR GreenⅠ dye, amplification was performed on gradient diluted plasmid standards to establish a standard curve. The sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of the method were systematically verified, and the detection performance was compared with the traditional culture method.
The standard curve equation was y=-3.186 6 +13.172, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9949. The amplification efficiency (E%) was 105.9%. The linear relationship was good. The qPCR method for detecting Salmonella paratyphi B had a sensitivity of 17.9 copies/μL. In the specificity verification, only Salmonella paratyphi B showed positive amplification, while Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, etc. were negative. There was no cross-reaction. The repeatability test showed that the intra-group coefficient of variation was 0.2%~0.69%, and the inter-group coefficient of variation was 0.49%~1.54%, all of which were less than 3%, indicating excellent stability. Compared with the traditional culture method (requiring 5~7 days), this qPCR method can shorten the detection time to within 6 hours, significantly improving the detection efficiency.
The SYBR Green Ⅰ qPCR method established in this study has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity, good repeatability, simple operation and rapid detection, providing reliable technical support for the rapid screening, precise quantification and food safety risk prevention and control of Salmonella paratyphi B in dairy products.
This study aimed to conduct an optimization research on improving the recovery rate when determining benzoic acid and sorbic acid in fermented milk using the first method (iquid chromatography) as stipulated in "GB 5009.28—2016 Food Safety National Standard Determination of Benzoic Acid, Sorbic Acid and Saccharin Sodium in Food".
By improving the pre-treatment method for extracting fermented milk samples, the sample was weighed into a 50 mL conical centrifugal tube instead of a 50 mL volumetric flask, and then ultrasonic extraction was performed. The recovery rates of the target analytes before and after optimization were compared.
After optimization, the recovery rate of the target analytes were significantly improved, with an average increase of 3.80% to 6.09%, and the repeatability test results met the requirements.
When using the national standard method for sample pre-treatment, after weighing the samples in a centrifuge tube and conducting ultrasonic extraction, a precipitant needs to be added for centrifugation before transferring the sample to a volumetric flasks.It is worth noting that the final volume of dilution was not included in the experiment, as it did not account for the 2 mL of ferrocyanide potassium solution and 2 mL of zinc acetate solution added. The theoretical final dilution volume should be 54 mL, but the actual calculation formula used a volume of 50 mL, which will result in a lower recovery rate result. After optimization in this study, the samples were directly weighed into a 50 mL volumetric flask, and all the pre-treatment steps were carried out in the flask. The final volume of the solution was precisely controlled at 50 mL. At the same time, in the actual calculation formula, the volume used was also 50 mL. The detection recovery rate obtained by this method was close to the theoretical value, demonstrating high accuracy and good repeatability.
To investigate the effect of stirring process in dairy product processing on the dissolved oxygen content of milk.
During the dairy processing, the dissolved oxygen content of milk directly affects the quality of the final product. Different liquid levels and stirring speeds in the tanks may result in variations in the dissolved oxygen content. This study focused on milk samples from the high, medium, and low liquid levels of the raw milk storage tank and the filling buffer tank, and measured and compared the dissolved oxygen content in the sample under different stirring rates.
During milk storage, if the rotational speed remains constant in the raw milk storage tank, the dissolved oxygen content of milk at the high liquid level is (8.74±0.18) ppm, at the medium liquid level is (9.10±0.13) ppm, and at the low liquid level is (9.55±0.42) ppm. The dissolved oxygen content significantly increases as the liquid level decreases; if the rotational speed decreases as the liquid level decreases in the filling buffer tank, the dissolved oxygen content at the high liquid level is (8.81±0.11) ppm, at the medium liquid level is (8.80±0.17) ppm, and at the low liquid level is (8.79±0.13) ppm. There is no significant change in the dissolved oxygen content as the liquid level decreases.
The data from this experiment can provide a theoretical foundations and practical guidance for optimizing the production of dairy products to reduce dissolved oxygen content.
With the increasing health awareness of consumers, the dairy industry is undergoing a profound transformation-moving from the traditional basic nutrition provision to a strategic upgrade that focuses on precision nutrition and specific health functions. This review aimed to systematically elaborate on the key research progress in dairy product innovation driven by the concept of precision nutrition: Firstly, it analyzed the key bioactive components in dairy sources, including bioactive peptides from milk proteins, milk fat globule membranes (MFGM), and analogues of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). In view of the common problems of poor stability and low bioavailability of most active substances, this study further focused on the research breakthrough of efficient delivery systems and explored their cutting-edge application in protecting probiotics and encapsulating hydrophobic functional factors. Finally, this review outlined the challenges and future directions in this field, aiming to provide a solid theoretical basis for the development of the next generation of personalized and highly functional dairy products.
Against the backdrop of the deep integration of the "food and medicine homology" concept with plant-based foods, legume-based protein beverages, as important representatives of plant-based dairy products, are gradually evolving from basic nutritional supplements to functional health intervention products.This review systematically elaborates the definition, advantages, common raw materials, and market competition landscape of food and medicine-derived legume-based protein beverages, with a focus on identifying prominent issues such as insufficient functional value exploration, severe product homogenization, and the disconnect between scientific understanding and consumer trust.Considering the synergistic development trend of the dairy industry and plant-based beverages, this paper proposes strategies including deepening the pharmacological mechanism research of active ingredients, promoting the modernization of classic traditional Chinese medicine formulas, and enhancing the bidirectional empowerment of policy support and market orientation.The study suggests that legume-based protein beverages can leverage the "dual-protein" strategy to form a complementary ecology with the dairy industry, facilitating a strategic shift from "homogeneous substitution" to "differentiated value". This will provide new pathways for precision nutrition and personalized health, while promoting the modern dissemination and industrial upgrading of traditional Chinese medicine-based wellness culture.
From the perspective of economic law, this paper adopted the case study method, and combines the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and relevant judicial interpretations. Taking the unfair competition dispute case of Yili v. Mengniu concluded by the Higher People's Court of Jiangsu Province in 2025 as the core sample, it discusses the legal protection of dairy product packaging decoration. The research focused on three practical dilemmas in judicial practice, including the identification of packaging decoration with certain influence, the judgment of packaging similarity, and the discretion of consumer confusion possibility, as well as the ambiguous distinction between general industrial elements and personalized designs.The study found that the protection of dairy packaging decoration should center on the distinctiveness of combined elements. The judgment of similarity shall follow the principle of overall priority and scenario-based comparison, and the identification of confusion possibility needs to be combined with the characteristics of consumer groups and sales channels. Meanwhile, this paper put forward corresponding optimization schemes, such as the identification system of distinctive element combination and the multi-dimensional judgment model of confusion possibility. It is concluded that clarifying the boundary of legal protection can curb unfair competition, reserve space for industrial innovation, achieve a win-win situation among consumer rights protection, enterprise development and market order, and provide theoretical support for judicial adjudication, enterprise compliance management and market supervision.
The safety supervision of the entire dairy industry chain faces coordination challenges between the agricultural and rural departments and market supervision departments, which directly affect the quality and safety of dairy products and the protection of public health. Currently, China has not yet established a legalized whole-industry-chain coordination mechanism. The lack of coordination under "segmented management" has led to prominent practical issues such as standard conflicts, information lags, and the absence of joint law enforcement. Based on the collaborative theory of administrative law and combined with practices in major dairy-producing areas such as Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, this paper analyzed the theoretical framework of the administrative law coordination mechanism from three core dimensions: legalization of power allocation, standardization of procedure design, and clarity of responsibility undertaking. The research suggested that to break down information barriers and standard conflicts under "segmented management", it is necessary to rely on laws and regulations such as the Food Safety Law and the Dairy Product Quality and Safety Supervision and Administration Regulations to provide legal guarantees for the whole-chain governance of the dairy industry, with the key being to promote departmental coordination from "separate operations" to "systematic co-governance".
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