To explore the short-term effects of personalized nutritional support on serum albumin (ALB) levels in middle-aged and elderly patients using real-world data and multiple factors.

A retrospective study was conducted on patients aged 50 and above who were at nutritional risk in the nutrition consultation cases at the Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu from August 2020 to June 2024. Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected, and patients were grouped according to different nutritional intervention methods. The ALB decline of patients after 1week of nutritional intervention was analyzed, and the impact of different nutritional intervention methods on ALB decline was evaluated using a logistics regression model.

A total of 1 136 patients were included in the study, with 627 patients showing a decrease in ALB and 509 patients showing no decrease in ALB. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in age, tube feeding, nutritional intervention methods, chronic kidney disease, cerebral infarction, other site infections, and tumor morbidity. Multivariate analysis was conducted with the dietary guidance group as the control group. Oral nutritional supplementation (OR=0.683, 95%CI: 0.500-0.933), personalized nutritional support intervention (OR=0.409, 95% CI: 0.279-0.601), and other site infections (OR=0.776, 95% CI: 0.607-0.994) were protective factors for ALB decline; Tube feeding (OR=1.766, 95% CI: 1.317-2.369) and cerebral infarction (OR=1.866,95% CI: 1.424-2.444) are risk factors for the decline of ALB.

Personalized nutritional support can effectively prevent the decline of serum albumin in middle-aged and elderly hospitalized patients, and has potential clinical value.

To investigate the association between smoking behavior and diabetes among adult hypertensive patients aged 20 years and above.

Using annual health examination data from the National Basic Public Health Service Program for hypertensive patients in Jianye District, Nanjing (2019-2023), logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between smoking behavior and diabetes in adult hypertensive patients aged≥20 years. Restricted cubic spline curves were used to explore the dose-response relationships between daily cigarette consumption, smoking duration, and smoking index with diabetes.

Among 55 128 participants, 14 102 were identified as having diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with non-smokers, former smokers (OR＝1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.35) and current smokers (OR＝1.18, 95% CI: 1.10-1.26) were positively associated with diabetes. Compared with non-smokers, hypertensive patients who smoked≥30 cigarettes/day, had a smoking duration of ≥50 years, or had a smoking index of ≥20 pack-years showed higher proportions of diabetes, with corresponding OR values (95% CI) of 1.66 (1.23-2.21), 1.13 (1.01-1.26), and 1.21 (1.12-1.31). A U-shaped dose-response relationship was observed between smoking duration and diabetes prevalence (non-linear P＝0.029). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between smoking status and diabetes was more pronounced in younger age groups (interaction P<0.050).

Among hypertensive patients aged≥20 years, smoking behavior is positively associated with diabetes prevalence, and smoking duration shows a U-shaped association with diabetes.

To evaluate the impact of family doctor contract on the utilization of services in primary medical and health institutions.

Logit model and propensity score matching method were used for analysis.

The signing rate of family doctors was 75.8%, and the service utilization rate of primary medical and health institutions was 65.28%. The propensity scores matching results showed that after kernel matching and radius matching, ATT of family doctor contract on utilization of primary medical and health institutions was 0.052 4 and 0.068 3. The contracted services of family doctors had increased the utilization rate of primary medical and health institutions of residents with chronic diseases by 13.84%. The contract services of family doctors had no statistical significance on the utilization rate of primary medical and health institutions of non-chronic residents. The contracted services of family doctors had increased the average utilization rate of elderly residents to primary medical and health institutions by 9.25%. The contracted services of family doctors increased the average utilization rate of non-elderly residents to primary medical and health institutions by 5.98%.

The signing rate of family doctors and the utilization rate of primary medical and health institutions are both good. Contracted family doctors can promote the utilization of primary medical and health institutions by residents, and the contracted service of family doctors is more obvious to the utilization of primary medical and health institutions by people with chronic diseases and the elderly.

Toevaluate the association between insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using the insulin resistance metabolic score (METS-IR).

The study included 1 315 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2017 to 2018, including 740 people with NAFLD and 575 people without NAFLD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between METS-IR and the risk of developing NAFLD. Restricted cubic spline regression analysis was performed to examine dose-response relationship after adjustment. Finally, receiver operatingcharacteristic curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of METS-IR for NAFLD.

The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that each unit increase in METS-IR was associated with a 7% higher risk of developing NAFLD (OR=1.07; 95% CI:1.02-1.11). When categorizing METS-IR into quartiles, individuals in the highest quartile had a 3.35 times increased risk compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR=4.35;95% CI:1.38-13.75), showing a significant trend (P-trend <0.05). When the cutoff value is 39.767, the area under the ROC curve for METS-IR in diagnosing NAFLD was 0.788 (SE=0.0126; 95% CI:0.764-0.809).

There is a positive correlation between METS-IR and risk of developing NAFLD, suggesting that it could be used as a potential indicator in the diagnosis of NAFLD.

To descriptively analyze the epidemiological and pathogenetic characteristics of influenza (flu) in Chaoyang District from 2016 to 2023, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of influenza.

Through the China Influenza Surveillance Information System, the etiology of influenza cases and influenza-like cases were collected, and epidemiological descriptions and statistical analysis were carried out, and χ² tests were used for comparison between groups.

A total of 210 738 influenza cases were reported in Chaoyang District from 2016 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 829.81/100 000, and the highest incidence rate in the age group of 0-4 years (4 619.07/100 000). A total of 21 480 pharyngeal swab specimens of influenza-like cases were tested, with a positive detection rate of 14.14%. The positive rate of specimens in 2017-2018 was the highest (22.82%), and the positive rate in 2020-2021 was the lowest (0.77%), and the difference in the positive rate in different monitoring years was statistically significant (χ²=857.804, P<0.001). Influenza A viruses were mostly prevalent in winter, and influenza B viruses were mostly prevalent in winter and spring, and different subtypes of influenza viruses were prevalent at the same time or alternately. Of the 50 influenza outbreaks reported in Chaoyang District from 2016 to 2023, 96.00% occurred in primary and secondary schools.

The intensity of influenza epidemics in Beijing’s Chaoyang District varies in different monitoring years, and influenza A and B viruses show alternating epidemics. Children aged 0-14 years are the key population for influenza prevention and control, and schools are the key prevention and control sites.

To investigate the association between changes in frailty status and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF).

Based on questionnaire data and anthropometric data collected from the baseline and second repeat surveys of the UK Biobank (UKB), frailty status was assessed by the Fried frailty phenotype, categorized as non-frailty, pre-frailty or frailty, and changes in frailty status were assessed by combining frailty status at baseline and at the second repeat survey. The association between change in frailty status and new-onset AF was assessed using a Cox proportional risk model, and subgroup analyses were performed according to frailty status at the time of the second repeat survey by sex, age, overweight, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes.

A total of 56 394 study participants were included. In the non-frailty group, the risk of AF in those who progressed from non-frailty to pre-frailty or frailty was 1.23 times higher than in those who did not change (HR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.44, P=0.010). In the pre-frailty group, those who recovered to non-frailty and those who developed frailty had 0.74 (HR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.60-0.93, P=0.009) and 1.71 (HR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.16-2.54, P=0.007) times the risk of developing AF compared with the unchanged population, respectively. In the frailty group, the risk of AF was 0.38 times higher in those who returned to pre-frailty or non-frailty than in those who remained unchanged (HR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.16-0.87, P=0.022).

Worsening of frailty status increases the risk of AF occurrence, whereas recovery from frailty status decreases the risk of AF occurrence.

To explore the relationship between muscle mass and disability in the elderly.

This study is based on the tracking survey data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018, utilizing Cox regression and constructing restricted cubic spline models to analyze the dose-response relationship between muscle mass and disability in the elderly.

A total of 2 165 elderly patients were followed up 4 times for an average of 10 years. Among them, 603 (27.8%) developed disability. After adjusting for confounders, muscle mass affected disability in the elderly(HR=0.879,95%CI:0.822-0.939). The RCS results showed that the association between muscle mass and disability risk in older adults was non-linear in both older men(P_{overall trend}<0.05,P_non-linear<0.05) and older women(P_{overall trend}<0.05, P_non-linear<0.05). It is suggested that ASMI level of 7.2 (kg/m²) and above should be maintained in elderly men and 5.2 (kg/m²) and above in elderly women.

Muscle mass is associated with disability in the elderly. Maintenance or improvement of muscle mass can improve the quality of life in the elderly.

To investigate the contamination levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in livestock meat, eggs, and dairy products in Chongqing, and to assess the exposure risk of population to PFAS through the consumption of these foods.

45 livestock meat, 45 eggs and 30 dairy products samples were randomly collected to determine 23 types of PFAS in Chongqing. Based on estimated food consumption data for Chongqing population in 2022, the dietary PFAS exposure risk was evaluated.

The detection rates of PFAS in the three categories of animal-derived foods in Chongqing were as follows: eggs > livestock meat > dairy products. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was identified as the predominant PFAS, with detection rates of 95.6% in eggs, 37.8% in livestock meat, and 10.0% in dairy products. Both livestock meat and eggs were found to contain perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), with PFOA detection rates (33.3% in eggs, 31.1% in livestock meat) higher than those of PFOS (2.2% in eggs, 4.4% in livestock meat). The total average exposure to PFAS through the consumption of these three animal-derived food categories for the population over 3 years old in Chongqing was 6.75-32.81 ng/(kg·week). The average exposure levels of PFOA, PFOS, and Σ₄ PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid) did not exceed the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). However, at high contamination levels of PFAS, the exposure levels of Σ₄ PFASs for children aged 3-5 and 6-11 ranged from 5.84 to 7.09 ng/(kg·week), which exceeded the TWI Σ₄ PFASs by 32.7%-61.1%.

PFAS were detected in all three categories of animal-derived foods in Chongqing, with eggs contributing the most. The average PFAS exposure from these foods for individuals over 3 years old do not pose a health risk, but high PFAS contamination presents a certain health risk to young children in Chongqing.