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Mpox is a zoonotic disease that was endemic in Africa in the past. Since May 2022, a large number of cases of mpox have been reported in non-endemic areas outside of Africa, and China has been affected to some extent. The emergence of new mpox virus (MPXV) variants type Ⅱb and Ib clades and the changes in the epidemiological characteristics and disease transmission of mpox, the expansion of the epidemic region and increase in epidemic intensity, as well as high morbidity and high mortality in children and other high-risk populations alarm bells for global health and public health security. The World Health Organization hence declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) twice, in July, 2022 and August, 2024 respectively. In this article, we review the epidemiological characteristics, modes of transmission, susceptible populations and related epidemiological research progress of different periods and subtypes of MPXV, and discuss the possible impact of viral adaptation on the transmission of infectious diseases of animal origin during the evolution and mutation of MPXV, with a view to providing key evidence to support China’s optimization of the policy of monkeypox control and the emergency response and preparedness for future pandemics.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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