To investigate the associations between blood benzene levels and the prevalence of heart diseases, as well as myocardial injury biomarkers, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

A total of 3 546 participants with available blood benzene measurements and heart disease questionnaire data were included in the study. Weighted logistic regression and weighted generalized linear models were used to perform multivariable-adjusted analyses. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were constructed to explore potential nonlinear relationships.

After natural logarithmic transformation, each one-unit increase in blood benzene was significantly associated with a higher odds of congestive heart failure (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.03-2.44, P=0.037), coronary heart disease (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.08-2.34, P=0.020), and myocardial infarction (OR=1.39, 95% CI:1.07-1.81, P=0.013). Meanwhile, serum lactate dehydrogenase levels increased by an average of 4.78 U/L (95% CI: 2.61-6.96, P<0.001), and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels increased by an average of 1.10 ng/L (95% CI: 0.00-2.20, P=0.050). Although RCS analyses did not reveal significant non-linear associations, they supported a positive dose-response and dose-effect relationship between blood benzene levels and these adverse cardiac outcomes.

Blood benzene levels are significantly positively associated with the odds of heart disease and cardiac injury biomarkers, providing important clues for further investigation into the potential impact of low-level benzene exposure on cardiovascular health.

To analyze the changing trends of urolithiasis burden among Chinese young and middle-aged adults from 1990 to 2021 and predict disease burden from 2022 to 2030, providing evidence for public health strategies and healthcare resource allocation.

Utilizing the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database, we calculated incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for urolithiasis in Chinese adults aged 20-54. Joinpoint regression identified temporal trends and turning points. Age-period-cohort modeling decomposed age, period, and cohort effects on incidence. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models projected future disease burden.

From 1990 to 2021, urolithiasis cases increased from 9.566 million to 10.197 million (EAPC=0.20%), while age-standardized incidence declined (EAPC= -0.39%). DALYs decreased from 58 700 to 42 200 person-years (EAPC= -1.06%), with DALY rate declining (EAPC= -1.67%). Males consistently exhibited higher standardized incidence and DALY rates. Age-period-cohort analysis showed a linear rise in incidence risk with age, with relative risks (RR) from 0.279 to 2.331. The period effect had a “rising-declining” fluctuation (RR 0.937-1.080). The cohort effect decreased steadily as birth year advanced, with RR values from 0.835 to 1.607. Projections suggest cases will reach 10.396 4 million by 2030, yet standardized incidence and DALY metrics will maintain downward trajectories.

Despite decreasing standardized disease burden and persistent gender disparities since 1990, urolithiasis demonstrates age-progressive risks, period-specific fluctuations, and cohort-driven mitigation. Predicted high absolute burden underscores the urgency for targeted prevention strategies to address this persistent public health challenge.

To analyze the influence of school bullying on the development track of adolescents’ early non-suicidal NSSI, and to provide evidence for the prevention of adolescents’ early NSSI.

A total of 941 first grade students were investigated in March 2023, September 2023 and March 2024 by using the School Bullying Questionnaire and the Adolescents’ Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ). The heterogeneity of the developmental trajectory of early non-suicidal NSSI was analyzed by the latent variable growth mixed model (LGMM), and the influence of school bullying on the heterogeneity of NSSI was explored by multiple logistic regression analysis.

The LGMM results showed that class 1 (Class1) was the “low-risk mitigation group” (87.35%) and class 2 (Class2) was the “medium-risk stable group” (7.23%); Category 3 (Class3) was the “high-risk deteriorating group” (5.42%); Male students were the protective factors in the “medium-risk stable group” (OR=0.369, 95% CI=0.216-0.631) and the “high-risk deteriorating group” (OR=0.325, 95% CI=0.121-0.872), and bullying was the protective factor in the “medium-risk stable group” (OR=1.375, 95% CI=1.269-1.490) and “high-risk worsening group” (OR=1.526, 95% CI=1.343-1.734).

The developmental trajectory of non-suicidal NSSI in early adolescents is heterogeneous, and school bullying is a risk factor for NSSI in early adolescents.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Hebei Province from 2014 to August 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of effective prevention and control measures.

The case report data of HFMD in Hebei Province from 2014 to August 2024 were extracted from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis, and the incidence trend of HFMD was predicted by the ARIMA model.

A total of 371 393 cases of HFMD were reported with 26 deaths from 2014 to August 2024. The average annual incidence and mortality rates were 45.279 1 per 100 000 and 0.003 2 per 100 000, respectively. The incidence rate of HFMD decreased year by year, as did the number of severe cases and deaths. The disease showed a clear seasonal pattern, with a high incidence period from May to July every year. The incidence rates in Langfang, Baoding, and Chengde were high. Children aged 1-4 were the most susceptible group, with more male cases than female. Enterovirus 71, Coxsackievirus A16, and other enteroviruses accounted for 20.62%, 26.87%, and 52.51%, respectively. Using the SARIMAX model to predict the number of HFMD cases from September 2024 to August 2025, which would decrease first and then increase. And the seasonal peak of incidence in 2025 would be higher than that in 2024.

The incidence rate of HFMD in Hebei Province has shown a downward trend, but the peak in 2025 is predicted to be higher than that in 2024. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the epidemic and etiology, scientifically formulate prevention and control plans, and prepare for the response.

To analyze the exposure levels and health risks of nine pollutants in urban and rural drinking water of Liaoning Province, and to provide a reference for ensuring drinking water safety.

Water samples from 28 large-scale water supply units were monitored in 2024. The indicators included bisphenol A (BPA), nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), vanadium (V), and chlorinated paraffins (CPs). The results were evaluated according to the standards for drinking water quality (GB 5749-2022), except for CPs. The comparison of concentration differences between the two groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, while the Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test was employed for comparisons among multiple groups. The χ² test was used for the comparison of rates. Using the health risk assessment methods of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the technical guide for environmental health risk assessment of chemical exposure (WS/T 777-2021), the health risks to people through oral of drinking water were assessed.

A total of 112 water samples were collected and tested. The detection rates of the indicators, in descending order, were PFOA (36.61%)> NDMA (25.89%)> PFOS (16.07%)> DBP (15.18%)> BPA (4.46%)>CPs (2.67%). DEHA, DEP, and V were not detected. Except for CPs, the compliance rate for DBP was 99.96%, while all other indicators reached 100%. BPA and NDMA concentrations in wet season were higher than that in dry season, and the detection rate of NDMA was also higher in the wet season compared to the dry season; the NDMA concentration in the finished water was higher than that in the tap water, and all these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In surface water sources for drinking water, the concentrations of NDMA and DBP were higher than those in groundwater (P<0.05); the detection rates of DBP and PFOA in surface water were higher than those in groundwater (P<0.05). The hazard quotient (HQ) for PFOA is greater than 1, indicating a high non-carcinogenic risk; the carcinogenic risk values (CR) of NDMA, PFOA of male and female, and PFOS are all between 1.0×10^-6 to 1.0×10^-4, indicating a certain risk.

In Liaoning Province, there is exposure to BPA, NDMA, DBP, PFOA, PFOS and CPs in drinking water samples. NDMA, PFOA and PFOS carry a certain level of potential carcinogenic risks, but all are within the acceptable range. PFOA presents a certain non-carcinogenic risk and requires attention.

To investigate the association between the metabolic syndrome-insulin resistance index (METS-IR) and the risk of kidney stones, as well as its potential threshold effect.

Data were obtained from individuals undergoing health screening at the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University in 2022. This cross-sectional study included 80 046 eligible participants. Participants were divided into three tertile groups based on METS-IR levels. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between METS-IR and kidney stone risk. Piecewise linear regression was applied to evaluate the threshold effect, with sex-stratified and multiple subgroup analyses conducted.

The prevalence of kidney stones increased with higher METS-IR tertiles (low: 3.83%, medium: 6.47%, high: 9.91%). After multivariate adjustment, each standard deviation increase in METS-IR was associated with a 20% higher risk of kidney stones in women (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.33) and a 24% higher risk in men (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.18-1.31). Compared with the low METS-IR group, the high METS-IR group had a 41% higher risk in women (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.13-1.74) and a 56% higher risk in men (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.37-1.78), both showing significant dose-response relationships. A clear threshold effect was observed in men (inflection point=43.72, P<0.001), where each 1-unit increase in METS-IR below the inflection point was associated with a 5% higher risk (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.04-1.06), while the association weakened above the inflection point (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02).

METS-IR is significantly associated with kidney stone risk, with a threshold effect observed in men. METS-IR may serve as a potential marker for assessing kidney stone risk, providing a new perspective for early screening and intervention, particularly in high-risk populations at the early stage of metabolic abnormalities.

To describe the clinical characteristics and ATP7B gene mutation spectrum of neurologic Wilson’s disease (WD) patients in southwest China and to explore genotype-phenotype correlations.

A total of 74 patients with neurologic WD admitted to West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University between August 2023 and July 2024 were enrolled. Patient demographics, clinical manifestations, and ATP7B gene mutation features were collected. Patients were stratified by mutation type to analyze associations between p.R778L, p.P992L, and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations and common initial symptoms or age at onset. Group comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Chi-square tests, or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate.

The median age at onset among 74 neurologic WD patients was 17.0 years (15.0, 25.8). The most common initial symptoms were tremor (67.6%) and dysarthria (36.5%). At enrollment, the predominant clinical manifestations were dystonia (77.0%), dysarthria (75.7%) and tremor (74.3%), with 44 patients having progressed to cirrhosis. Significant age or gender-related differences were observed in both initial and current symptoms. Genetic analysis revealed that the most frequent pathogenic mutations were p.R778L (28.08%) and p.P992L (18.49%). A total of 44 distinct pathogenic mutation combinations were detected, with the most common being p.R778L/p.R778L (11.3%) and p.R778L/p.P992L (9.9%). Genotype-phenotype analysis showed that LOF mutations were associated with earlier age at onset and dysarthria. No statistically significant correlations were found between p.R778L, p.P992L mutations and clinical phenotypes.

Neurologic WD patients exhibit significant clinical heterogeneity. p.R778L and p.P992L are the most common pathogenic mutations, while LOF mutations correlate with earlier age at onset and dysarthria. Clinicians should remain vigilant toward diverse initial symptoms and multi-system involvement in neurologic WD patients, emphasize individualized treatment strategies, and prioritize ATP7B gene testing to optimize precision diagnosis.

To investigate the association between the cardiometabolic index (CMI) and diabetes risk among hypertensive patients.

Utilizing health examination data from the National Basic Public Health Service Project in Jianye District, Nanjing (2019—2023), CMI was calculated basing on triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, and height. Diabetes was diagnosed according to the National Basic Diabetes Prevention and Management Guidelines (2022). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between CMI and diabetes risk, with odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) calculated. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to explore the dose-response relationship. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess effect modifications.

This study included 56 760 hypertensive patients, with a final effective sample of 28 665 after excluding those with missing CMI-related indicators, of whom 7 535 had diabetes. Compared to those with lower CMI, hypertensive patients with higher CMI had significantly increased diabetes risk (P<0.001). Logistic analysis showed the highest CMI group (Q4) had a 40% higher diabetes risk than the lowest group (Q1) (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.30-1.52). Dose-response analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship (nonlinear P<0.001), indicating extreme CMI values might signal higher metabolic risks. Stratified analysis found a stronger association between CMI and diabetes risk in female hypertensive patients (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.16-1.27).

In Nanjing Jianye District residents, there is a significant positive correlation between CMI and diabetes risk in hypertensive patients, more pronounced in women. It is recommended to include CMI in metabolic risk assessment for community hypertensive patients, with a focus on personalized intervention for abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia in women.