To investigate the current status of oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of middle-aged and elderly populations in Guizhou Province, to identify their influencing factors, and to provide a reference basis for oral health promotion strategies among middle-aged and elderly populations.

A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 2 040 middle-aged people aged 35-44 years and 2 023 elderly people aged 65-74 years. The χ² test and non-parametric test were used to analyse status of oral health KAP. The Spearman test was used to assess their correlations, while a negative binomial regression model was applied to examine associated factors.

Levels of knowledge and attitudes were lower than the national average, and the frequency of consuming sweets was lower than the national average. Knowledge was positively correlated with attitudes and oral hygiene practices (r=0.511, r=0.174), and attitudes were positively correlated with oral hygiene practices (r=0.140). After adjustment for multiple variables, gender, age, economic region, education, and type of health insurance were identified as significant factors influencing knowledge and positive attitudes. Dietary behaviour scores were associated with females (OR=1.015, 95% CI: 1.002-1.028), those aged 65-74 (OR=1.038, 95% CI: 1.024-1.052), those with ≤9 years of education (OR=1.099, 95% CI: 1.052-1.149), and rural residents (OR=1.051, 95% CI: 1.028-1.075), while negatively associated with residents in Category III regions (OR=0.971, 95% CI: 0.944-0.998). Oral hygiene behaviour scores showed a positive association with female gender (OR=1.087, 95% CI: 1.056-1.119) and Category III regions (OR=1.080, 95% CI: 1.012-1.152), and a negative association with those aged 65-74 (OR=0.930, 95% CI: 0.902-0.959), rural residents (OR=0.929, 95% CI: 0.879-0.981), and residents with basic medical insurance (OR=0.852, 95% CI: 0.816-0.890).

The level of oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of the middle-aged and elderly populations in Guizhou Province has distinctive characteristics. Strengthening age-appropriate health education and optimizing oral disease insurance policies are essential to promote the effective translation of knowledge and attitudes into positive health practices among middle-aged and elderly populations.

To investigate the association between reproductive years and sarcopenia, and to assess the mediating role of depression in this relationship.

The study population was drawn from Hongguang Subdistrict, Pidu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province.Demographic data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Reproductive years were calculated based on the age at menarche and menopause. Muscle mass was assessed using the Inbody 770 analyzer, and grip strength and walking speed were measured to determine the presence of sarcopenia according to established guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the association between reproductive years and sarcopenia. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the mediating effect of depression on this association.

A total of 2 857 postmenopausal women were included in the final analysis. According to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia, 1 098 participants (38.43%) were classified as having “possible sarcopenia”,463 (16.21%) as having “sarcopenia”, and 345 (12.08%) as having “severe sarcopenia”. Multivariable logistic regression showed that reproductive years were negatively associated with sarcopenia (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.96) and severe sarcopenia (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.85). Mediation analysis indicated that depression mediated the relationship between reproductive years and sarcopenia, with a mediation proportion of 9.67%. For severe sarcopenia, the mediation proportion was 6.34%.

Longer reproductive years are associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia, and depression plays a mediating role in this association. Given the significant mediating effect of depression, more attention should be paid to the mental health of postmenopausal women to reduce the risk of sarcopenia potentially linked to low estrogen levels.

To explore the relationship between physical activity and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) among older adults in the community.

Using data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS), 9 076 older participants were included. Propensity score matching was employed to control for confounding factors in analyzing the association between physical activity and the number of cardiometabolic diseases. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to evaluate the relationship between physical activity level (PAL) and CMM risk.

Propensity score matching showed that sufficient physical activity was associated with an average reduction of 0.20 in the number of cardiometabolic diseases (ATT: -0.187~-0.225). Logistic regression indicated that a PAL ≥1 800 MET-min/week was significantly associated with lower CMM risk (1 800<PAL≤3 000: OR=0.814, 95% CI: 0.682-0.972; PAL≥3 000: OR=0.647, 95% CI: 0.572-0.732). The restricted cubic spline model revealed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between PAL and CMM risk (P for nonlinear <0.05). The risk of CMM decreased notably at a PAL around 3 800 MET min/week, and the association plateaued when PAL exceeded 8 000 MET min/week.

Physical activity is associated with a reduction in the number of cardiometabolic diseases. Maintaining an adequately high level of physical activity may have a positive effect on preventing CMM in older adults.

The infectivity of plasma from blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) in human hepatocyte cells was investigated through an in vitro hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection model using the L-02 hepatocyte cell line.

Among 54 446 blood donors, 28 OBI plasma samples were collected as the experimental group, and 28 plasma samples from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive blood donors were randomly selected as the control group.The control group samples were used to infect L-02 hepatocytes to establish an in vitro hepatocyte infection model. The infectivity of the experimental group samples to L-02 hepatocytes was studied using the same experimental method.

Except for one case, HBV DNA was detected in the lysate of L-02 hepatocytes in all 27 specimens of the control group after infection. In contrast, only one of the 28 OBI specimens had detectable HBV DNA in the lysate of hepatocytes.

The probability of OBI donor plasma infecting hepatocyte cells is much lower than that of HBsAg-positive donor plasma, but there is still a risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusion. The presence of high-titer hepatitis B surface antibodies may be one of the key factors in preventing HBV transmission through blood transfusion from OBI.

To analyze the epidemic patterns of public health emergencies in schools in Zhejiang Province from 2019 to 2024, and to provide references for the prevention and control strategies of such events in the future.

The information of public health emergencies in schools in Zhejiang Province from 2019 to 2024 was collected from the Public Health Emergency Management Information System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data in terms of time, space, type of school and the effect of event control. Descriptive statistical analyses and spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed using R 4.3.1 software.

A total of 2 067 public health emergencies in schools were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2019 to 2024, with a total number of 66 441 reported cases, and an average attack rate of 2.94%. There were no deaths during the period. The largest number of reported events was 651 in 2023, accounting for 31.49% of the total number of events. The peak time of incidence was from November to December and from March to April. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was no significant spatial aggregation in the spatial distribution of public health emergencies in schools (P values were all >0.05). The main locations where public health emergencies occurred in schools were in primary schools (1 088 cases), accounting for 52.64%. The second was in kindergartens (488 cases), accounting for 23.61%. The attack rate was the highest in kindergartens(5.79%), and the lowest in colleges and universities (0.67%). There was a significant difference in the attack rate among different schools (χ²=7 938.143, P<0.001). The attack rate in rural schools was significantly higher than that in county, town and urban schools (P<0.001). The intervention time of school public health emergencies was positively correlated with the duration (r₁=0.830, P₁<0.001), and the duration of the event was positively correlated with the number of cases (r₂=0.607, P₂<0.001).

Public health emergencies in schools in Zhejiang Province are mainly intestinal and respiratory infectious diseases, with a peak period in winter and spring. Prevention and control should be focused on young children. Communication and collaboration between family, schools and health departments should be strengthened. Early intervention and handling could shorten the duration of the events and reduce the scale of the outbreak.

To evaluate the health status of residents in the chronic diseases comprehensive control and prevention demonstration areas, and provide empirical evidence for optimizing chronic disease control and prevention strategies.

Three demonstration areas established before 2014 in Jinan were selected as the research subjects, and three districts/counties without established demonstration areas were chosen as the control group for comparison. Death registration data of the registered population from 2013 to 2023 were collected, and SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. For the first time, this study integrated healthy-adjusted life expectancy(HALE), age standardized mortality rate (ASMR), years of life lost(YLL) rate, and premature death probability with the construction of demonstration areas. Using Joinpoint regression models,the average annual percentage change(AAPC) was calculated to compare the trends between the demonstration and non-demonstration areas.

From 2013 to 2023, the HALE of residents in the demonstration areas increased from 69.20 years to 71.32 years, with an average annual increase of 0.32% (P<0.05). The ASMR decreased by an average of 1.96% per year (P<0.05). The YLL rate declined by an average of 0.92% annually (P<0.05). The premature death probability was reduced by an average of 2.22% each year (P<0.05). Among the major diseases, the ASMR, YLL rate and premature death probability of the four major malignant tumors (lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) among the residents in the demonstration areas all showed a downward trend. For ischemic heart disease(IHD), the four major malignant tumors, and COPD, the rate of decline in the premature death probability among residents in the demonstration areas was not only faster than the decline in their ASMR, but also significantly exceeded the rate of decline in the premature death probability in the non-demonstration areas. However, there was no significant downward trend in the ASMR and YLL rate for IHD, the YLL rate and premature death probability for cerebral infarction(CI), and none of the indicators for respiratory infections showed a clear declining trend.

The construction of the demonstration areas in Jinan has achieved remarkable results, especially in the prevention and control of some malignant tumors and COPD. The working-age population has benefited more. However, IHD, CI and respiratory infections will be the key points of control and prevention in the future.

To investigate the detection of 22 respiratory pathogens among 7 244 acute respiratory infection (ARI)cases in Qinghai Province during 2024—2025, characterize their epidemiological patterns, and provide evidence for local prevention and control.

From February 2024 to August 2025, 7 244 ARI specimens were collected from six sentinel hospitals in five prefectures of Qinghai. Multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect 22 respiratory pathogens, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 28.0.

The overall positive rate for the 22 pathogens was 52.32%. The five most frequently detected pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae (33.02%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (26.99%), influenza A virus(10.48%), rhinovirus (9.40%), and SARS-CoV-2 (7.10%). Among 3 790 positive specimens, 60.82% were single infections and 39.18 % were mixed infections. The positive rate in influenza-like illness (ILI) cases (55.73%) was higher than in severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases (45.94%), and both the single infection rate (χ²=12.231, P<0.001) and the multiple infection rate (χ²=33.674, P<0.001) differed significantly between ILI and SARI cases. Pathogen detection rates varied across six age groups among ARI cases, peaking in children aged 4-7 years (68.06%) and lowest in adults ≥60 years (39.34%).

ARI in Qinghai Province shows a clear winter-spring peak. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza A virus, rhinovirus, and SARS-CoV-2 are the predominant pathogens, and mixed infections are common. Detection rates of the 22 pathogens vary by age, season, and region. Therefore, targeted prevention and control measures should be implemented for key populations in different seasons.

To characterize the comorbidity profile of hepatitis C patients in Nanchang and evaluate its association with the efficacy of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 596 hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs in Nanchang between 2019 and 2024. Demographic data, comorbid conditions, and laboratory parameters were extracted from the hospital information system. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response 12 weeks post-treatment. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of comorbidities on treatment outcomes.

A total of 596 patients were included, with a mean age of 55.1±13.6 years, and 60.9% were male (363/596).The overall prevalence of comorbidities was 34.2% (204/596). The four most common comorbidities were hypertension (18.8%,112/596), liver cirrhosis (13.6%, 81/596), diabetes (7.4%, 44/596), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection (3.5%, 21/596).Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of comorbidities was independently associated with DAA treatment failure (aOR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.31-5.49). In terms of specific comorbidities, concurrent hepatitis B virus infection (OR=4.80, 95% CI: 1.65-14.78) and diabetes mellitus (OR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.09-5.30) were identified as independent risk factors for antiviral treatment failure.

Hepatitis C patients in Nanchang bear a substantial comorbidity burden, which independently compromises DAA efficacy. We recommend a multidisciplinary care model integrating hepatology and endocrinology to strengthen integrated management of comorbidities and improve antiviral outcomes.

Systemic inflammation and immune status play critical roles in carcinogenesis. However, evidence regarding the association between the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and the risk of breast cancer (BC) remains limited.This study aims to investigate the relationship between LMR and BC risk.

A total of 13 519 participants with complete LMR and BC data were identified from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005—2018. Multivariable weighted logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline analyses, and subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the independent association between LMR and BC risk. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the findings.

A significant U-shaped association was observed between LMR and BC risk, with an inflection point at 1.82. When LMR was ≤1.82, it was inversely associated with BC risk, with each one-unit increase in LMR corresponding to a 76% reduction in BC risk (OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.18-0.31). Above this threshold, the association was no longer statistically significant. In the LMR quartile groups, the highest quartile (Q4) showed a significant reduction in breast cancer risk of approximately 47% compared to the Q1 group (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.38-0.74). Likelihood ratio tests indicated that the piecewise linear model provided a better fit than the linear model. Subgroup and interaction analyses revealed significant differences in the association between LMR and BC risk between participants with and without diabetes.

This study is the first to demonstrate a non-linear (broad U-shaped) association between LMR and BC risk,indicating that both low and high LMR levels are associated with an increased risk of BC. Maintaining LMR within a stable range may help prevent and slow the development and progression of breast cancer. Further large-scale prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate these findings.

To analyze the epidemiological patterns and transmission characteristics of norovirus in China, providing new scientific evidence for prevention and control strategies in the post-COVID-19 era.

Epidemiological data on norovirus outbreaks in China over the past two decades were collected and analyzed via a review of relevant literature from four major databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Web of Science, and PubMed).

The epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in China exhibited dynamic changes, highly correlated with the alternation of globally dominant strains. High outbreak frequency was associated with specific geographical regions (East China and South China regions, 63.27%), transmission routes (foodborne transmission, 29.15%), outbreak settings (schools, 72.57%), and viral genogroups (GII, 76.07%). Cross-analysis revealed that school outbreaks predominantly involved person-to-person and waterborne transmission, while the GII genotype spread chiefly through interpersonal contact, foodborne contamination, and aerosol dispersion.

Norovirus epidemics in China demonstrate distinct spatiotemporal clustering and diverse transmission pathways, necessitating targeted reinforcement of prevention and control measures to address these multifaceted challenges.