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To examine the frequency and distribution patterns of birth defects in Hainan Province between 2016 and 2021, in order to offer insights for the improvement of maternal and child health services in the region.
Data on perinatal birth defect surveillance were gathered and analyzed from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days postpartum in all monitored hospitals across Hainan Province between January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021.
The comprehensive dataset revealed a total of 346 425 births recorded in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2021. Of these, 11 000 cases were identified with birth defects, translating to an average incidence rate of 317.53 per 10 000 births. Notably, the incidence of birth defects varied significantly across different demographics. Rural areas exhibited a lower rate (297.90 per 10 000) compared to urban areas (338.88 per 10 000), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=67.977, P<0.001). Additionally, male neonates showed a higher incidence (346.22 per 10 000) than female neonates (281.32 per 10 000), also with a statistically significant difference (χ2=164.878, P<0.001). Maternal age played a crucial role as well, with the 35-year-old and older age group demonstrating the highest incidence (364.81 per 10 000).The five most prevalent birth defects included congenital heart disease (180.99 per 10 000), polydactyly (20.24 per 10 000), talipes equinovarus (12.04 per 10 000), other external ear malformations (10.74 per 10 000), and syndactyly (5.05 per 10 000).Regarding prenatal diagnosis, only 11.72% of birth defects were confirmed prenatally, with clinical and ultrasonic diagnosis accounting for 98.87% of the total diagnoses. In terms of prognosis, a promising 91.92% of fetuses with congenital disorders were live births.
Suggest an increase in the prevalence of perinatal birth abnormalities in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2021. In response to these findings, it is imperative to strengthen the three-level preventive measures of birth defects, aiming to reduce incidence rates.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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