To explore the external influencing factors of undergraduates’degree of satisfaction withthe Bachelors’program in preventive medicine, so as to provide a reference for improving the quality of public health higher education.

Data were obtained from the Ministry of Education’s Yangguang Gaokao information platform. The outcome variables included overall satisfaction, satisfaction with campus facilities, satisfaction with teaching quality, and satisfaction with employment outcomes. Multilevel linear regression models were employed to analyze influencing factors.

Among the 87 included universities, the average overall satisfaction score was 3.94±0.41, with employment satisfaction receiving the lowest average score of 3.61±0.52. Institutions in the eastern region reported the highest levels of satisfaction, while those in the western region reported the lowest. Regression analysis revealed that universities with preventive medicine subjects ranked in the top 50% had significantly lower levels of overall satisfaction (β=-0.299, 95% CI: -0.545 to -0.053), campus facilities satisfaction (β=-0.273, 95% CI: -0.523 to -0.022), and employment satisfaction (β=-0.379, 95% CI: -0.671 to -0.087). In models incorporating interaction terms, the development level of the Healthy China initiative in eastern regions was found to have a significantly negative effect on satisfaction compared to the western region (overall satisfaction: β=-0.861, 95% CI: -1.655 to -0.067), whereas per capita GDP had a significantly positive effect on satisfaction (overall satisfaction: β=0.089, 95% CI: 0.013 to 0.166).

Institutional preventive medicine ranking was negatively associated with student satisfaction. The provincial health system and economic levels showed varying influences on student satisfaction across different regions.

To explore the metabolic characteristics and potential biomarkers of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents, and to provide a basis for early identification and prevention of vitamin D deficiency.

Sixty pairs of children and adolescents with vitamin D deficiency and normal levels (matched by age and gender) from the nutrition and health monitoring project of rural school-age children in Guangzhou from March to May 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Based on the determination of serum 25(OH)D and serum untargeted metabolomics, differentially expressed metabolites (set threshold: FC value >1.25 or <0.8, VIP value >1) were screened, and metabolic pathways were analyzed. Logistic regression was applied to screen potential biomarkers, and ROC curves were drawn to evaluate their accuracy.

56 differentially expressed metabolites (38 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated) were identified. The analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway was statistically significant(P=0.001, Q_FDR=0.0982). Logistic regression analysis results showed that 12 potential biomarkers such as 7,8-epoxy-4Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-(OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.20-3.17) had statistical significance in the association with vitamin D deficiency, and the AUC in the training set was 0.922(95% CI: 0.865-0.978), and in the test set was 0.910 (95% CI: 0.809-1), with high accuracy.

This study revealed the metabolic pathways related to vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents and identified 12 potential biomarkers, providing a basis for clarifying the metabolic characteristics and carrying out early identification of vitamin D deficiency.

To describe and analyze the changes in the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributed to tobacco in China from 1990 to 2021, as well as to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of CVD.

Weextracted CVD death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) data attributed to tobacco in China from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Database from 1990 to 2021, analyzed their trends by Joinpoint software, and used Bayesian Age Period Queue Model (BAPC) to predict the changes in CVD disease burden attributed to tobacco in China from 2022 to 2030.

The number of CVD deaths attributed to tobacco in China rose from 54 300 in 1990 to 101 400 in 2021, with the standardized mortality rate decreasing from 75.59 per 100 000 in 1990 to 52.32 per 100 000 in 2021, representing an average annual decrease of 1.24% (95% CI: -1.53%~-0.95%). The DALYs caused by CVD attributed to tobacco in China increased from 15 158 million person-years in 1990 to 23 530 million person-years in 2021, with the standardized DALY rate decreasing from 1 766.25 per 100 000 in 1990 to 1 145.78 per 100 000 in 2021, representing an average annual decrease of 1.42% (95% CI: -1.63%~-1.20%). Prediction models indicated that the CVD disease burden attributed to tobacco in China from 2022 to 2030 will decrease over time, with the standardized mortality rate and standardized DALY rate potentially reaching 45.47 per 100 000 and 967.51 per 100 000, respectively, in 2030.

Although the standardized mortality rate and DALY rate of CVD attributed to tobacco in China have shown a downward trend from 1990 to 2021, the disease burden is still relatively heavy, with significant differences between genders and ages. This suggests that early prevention of CVD in the elderly population, especially in the elderly male population, should be further strengthened to effectively reduce the burden of CVD disease attributed to tobacco in China.

This study aims to investigate the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Participants aged ≥20 years were selected from NHANES 2009-2016. Due to the left-skewed distribution of urinary PAHs metabolites (OH-PAHs), logarithmic transformation (lg) was applied to approximate a normal distribution. Participants were categorized into four quartiles based on lgOH-PAHs levels. A multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the association between PAHs and AIP. A smoothing curve fitting approach was employed to explore potential nonlinear relationships, and subgroup analyses were conducted.

A total of 3 084 participants were included, including 1 560 females (50.6%) with an average age of (49.1±17.6) years.After adjusting for age, sex, race, education level, marital status, the ratio of family income to poverty, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and high cholesterol, multiple linear regression analysis indicated a positive association between the highest quartile of PAHs exposure (Q4) (β=0.056, 95% CI: 0.021-0.091) and AIP compared to the lowest quartile (Q1). In sex-stratified subgroup analyses, higher PAHs exposure (Q4) (β=0.068, 95% CI: 0.010-0.126) was positively associated with AIP in the male population. A similar positive correlation was also found in the female population (β=0.047, 95% CI: 0.001-0.094). In BMI-stratified analyses, the association between PAHs exposure and AIP was significant in participants with BMI <25(β=0.096, 95% CI: 0.032-0.160). Smoothing curve fitting demonstrated an inverted U-shaped relationship between PAHs concentration and AIP.

This study found a strong association between PAHs exposure and AIP, suggesting that PAHs exposure may be an important risk factor for increased AIP.

To explore the association between multimorbidity patterns and new-onset depressive symptoms in a community population in Sichuan.

Based on the follow-up data of a Southwest cohort, multimorbidity patterns were identified among 16 long-term diseases using latent class analysis. Logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations of multimorbidity status, number of multimorbidity, and specific multimorbidity patterns with new-onset depressive symptoms. Differences in these associations within subgroups of age, sex, frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking status, and level of green space were compared by stratified analyses.

Multimorbidity status and number of multimorbidity were significantly associated with the risk of new-onset depressive symptoms with OR values of 1.46 (95% CI: 1.13-1.88) and 1.19 (1.09-1.29), respectively. Compared with hypertension multimorbidity pattern, hyperlipidemia multimorbidity and metabolic-skeletal multimorbidity were associated with the risk of depression onset with OR values of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.01-2.61) and 2.90 (95% CI: 1.47-5.71).

Multimorbidity can increase the risk of depression, and metabolic-skeletal multimorbidity has a higher risk of depression compared to hyperlipidemic multimorbidity.

To investigate the contamination status of quinolone veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods sold in Guizhou Province and assess the dietary exposure risk.

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 818 samples of animal-derived foods were collected from nine cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province to monitor quinolone veterinary drug residues.The average, maximum, P₅₀, and P_97.5 values were calculated, and dietary exposure risk was assessed using the point estimate method in conjunction with food intake data from the western region of China.

Different levels of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin were detected in pork, chicken, eggs, freshwater fish, and freshwater shrimp. The detection rates for enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin were 5.50% (45/818), 2.44% (20/818), 0.37% (3/818),and 0.61% (5/818), respectively. The dietary exposure levels of quinolone veterinary drugs through animal-derived foods for different age groups were 0.06 to 5 300.22 ng/(kg·d) (3-5 years), 0.09 to 5 981.67 ng/(kg·d) (6-11 years), 0.05 to 4 080.37 ng/(kg·d) (12-17 years), 0.04 to 2,812.93 ng/(kg·d) (18-59 years), and 0.04 to 2 370.91 ng/(kg·d) (≥60 years). The risk ratios corresponding to the average, maximum, P₅₀, and P_97.5 values for enrofloxacin and ofloxacin ranged from 0.0 003 to 0.9 941.

The risk of dietary exposure to quinolone veterinary drugs through animal-derived foods in the Guizhou population is low; however, attention should be paid to the 3-11 age group.

To understand the prevalence of health abnormalities detected in health examinations of elderly individuals aged ≥65 in Shenzhen from 2021 to 2023.

This study extracted health examination records of all participants aged ≥65 who underwent free health check-ups as part of the National Basic Public Health Service Project in Shenzhen from 2021 to 2023.The prevalence rates of single, dual, and triple health abnormalities were described, and the co-occurrence rates of two diseases were analyzed by gender and age groups.

A total of 1 194 927 health examination records were reviewed from 2021 to 2023, showing an overall increasing trend in the detection rate of health abnormalities among the elderly, which remained high.The detection rate for overweight or obesity ranked first, ranging from 59.0% to 59.5% during this period. The highest co-occurrence rate was observed for overweight or obesity combined with dyslipidemia or abnormal blood lipids, ranging from 34.3%to 35.3%. Overall, females and individuals aged 75 and older exhibited higher health risks. Furthermore, the highest cooccurrence of three health abnormalities was found in individuals with overweight or obesity, electrocardiogram abnormalities, and dyslipidemia or abnormal blood lipids, with a detection rate of 19.2% to 20.1%.

Among elderly individuals aged ≥65,the highest detection rate was for overweight or obesity, which frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. There is a pressing need to focus on women and older seniors. Public health institutions at the grassroots level should enhance health management for early detection, intervention, and treatment of key diseases and populations.

To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its influencing factors among the elderly in Pidu District.

An analysis was conducted on health examination data from permanent residents aged 65 and older in Pidu District from 2022 to 2023. The comparison of rates was performed using the chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the risk factors associated with dyslipidemia. The significance level was set at α=0.05.

A total of 110 992 elderly individuals completed all examination items in Pidu District during 2022 and 2023, including 48 956 males (44.1%) and 62 036 females (55.9%), with an average age of (71.9±5.9) years. The detection rates of dyslipidemia, elevated total cholesterol (TC), elevated triglycerides (TG), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were 30.3%, 16.1%, 15.5%, 7.3%, and 5.6%, respectively. Female gender (OR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.43-1.54),smoking (OR=1.09, 95%CI: 1.04-1.14), overweight (OR=1.97, 95%CI: 1.80-2.16), obesity (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.86-2.26), central obesity (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.19-1.27), and lack of exercise (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.14-1.22) were identified as risk factors for dyslipidemia among the elderly in Pidu District. Conversely, being a rural resident (OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.81-0.86) and being aged 80 years or older (OR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.73-0.79) were identified as protective factors.

It is essential to implement gender-sensitive management for the elderly, enhance health education related to overweight, obesity, and central obesity, and strengthen weight management among the elderly, while promoting daily exercise and smoking cessation.

To investigate the distribution characteristics of three endocrine disruptors (EDCs)—nonylphenol (NP),octyl phenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA)—in drinking water in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin and to conduct a health risk assessment.

In October 2023, water samples were collected from 32 urban and rural water plants in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin, with each plant providing one sample each of source water, treated water, and tap water, totaling 96 samples. The concentrations of EDCs were determined using solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS), and potential health risks were assessed using the risk entropy method.

All three EDCs were detected in the drinking water of the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin, with overall concentrations ranging from Not Detected (ND) to 234.00 ng/L. The detection rates for NP and OP were 100%, while BPA had a detection rate of 36.46%. Among the average values of the three EDCs, NP was found to be greater than OP, which was greater than BPA across different water sample types. Specifically, the average concentration of EDCs followed the order: source water > tap water > treated water. EDCs were commonly found in drinking water across various cities, with NP exhibiting the highest average concentration. Compared to relevant domestic and international studies, the level of EDC contamination in drinking water in this region was considered to be moderate to low. The health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic health risk values for adults and children ranged from 1.07×10^-5 to 9.34×10^-5, both of which were well below 1, with children’s risks being higher than those for adults.

EDC contamination is prevalent in drinking water in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin, with low concentration levels and acceptable health risk levels for the population.

To assess the content of heavy metals lead and cadmium in mantis shrimp and Chinese mitten crab sold in Suzhou, as well as the dietary exposure and health risks associated with passive intake of these metals through consumption of these two seafood products.

An in vitro experiment was conducted to simulate the human digestive process, measuring the levels of lead and cadmium in simulated gastric and intestinal digestion extracts, and calculating their bio accessibility. The dietary exposure and health risks of lead and cadmium in the two seafood products were evaluated using exposure boundary ratios, non-carcinogenic hazard coefficients, and target carcinogenic risk indices.

Among the tested seafood products, lead levels were within acceptable limits, while cadmium exceeded the limit in four samples. After treatment with simulated gastric digestion fluid, the bio accessibility data for cadmium and lead were 59.1% to 87.5% and 19.9% to 46.0%, respectively. Following treatment with simulated intestinal digestion fluid, the bio accessibility data for cadmium and lead were 20.5% to 45.1% and 18.1% to 38.2%,respectively. The dietary exposure limits for lead and cadmium in both seafood products were greater than 1.8, the noncarcinogenic hazard coefficients were below the safety benchmark of 1.0, and the target carcinogenic risk was no greater than 5.00×10^-5 per year.

The dietary exposure risk of lead and cadmium in the two seafood products does not have a significant impact on human health, and both non-carcinogenic and target carcinogenic risks are within acceptable limits.