Generative artificial intelligence（AI）has emerged as a pivotal tool in the creation of science popularization literature; however，its capability in this domain remains subject to skepticism when compared to human authors. To evaluate the sciencepopularization writing competence of generative artificial intelligence，a four-dimensional evaluation framework was developed，comprising readability，engagement，scientific accuracy，and dissemination effectiveness. Using“microbiology”as the thematic focus，sciencepopularization works produced by human creators，DeepSeek，ChatGPT，and ERNIE Bot were systematically examined. The results indicate that both the initial-prompt and deep-prompt versions generated by ChatGPT showed no significant difference in overall scores relative to the human-authored version，with the deep-prompt version exhibiting a significantly superior performance in terms of readability. Moreover，the deep-prompt version of DeepSeek outperformed the human version in the dimensions of engagement and dissemination effectiveness. Notably，evaluators correctly distinguished AI-generated works in less than 55% of cases and showed a tendency to attribute high-scoring works to human creators. These experimental findings suggest that generative artificial intelligence holds the potential to substitute for humanscience popularization creators，thereby prompting the proposal of a novel“human-machine collaborative sciencepopularization creation”model. The study further calls upon the academic community to critically examine the phenomenon of the“Hallucination of Human’s Ability”.

University museums play a unique role in science popularization education. The development of science popularization courses in these museums not only extends formal education but also serves as a vital channel for disseminating scientific knowledge. In the new era，it is essential to explore how university museums can effectively utilize their rich and distinctive collections for educational purposes. This study focuses on the University of Southern California Pacific Asia Museum as a case study to examine its practice and experience in developing science popularization courses based on constructivist theory. The findings reveal that the museum’s courses feature clear goals，diverse content，a varied teaching staff，and a robust evaluation system. The study proposes a four-dimensional approach to course development in university museums：setting clear course objectives，infusing distinctive content，ensuring adequate faculty support，and enhancing development through evaluation. This framework aims to provide guidance for developing science popularization courses in Chinese university museums and to support the effective implementation of science education activities in these institutions.

This paper focuses on the synergistic developmental path between the scientificity and narrativity of science popularization. It systematically explains the mechanism for AIGC-driven synergistic optimization of scientificity and narrativity，analyzes the dual functions of AIGC in enhancing scientificity and optimizing communication，as well as the multidimensional issues behind its usage. Subsequently，it proposes corresponding optimization strategies for issues such as the detrimental effects of AI hallucinations on scientific rigor，the technical bottlenecks in generating highly complex scientific content，and the conflicts between instrumental rationality and value rationality. Namely，establishing multiple mechanisms to suppress AI hallucination generation，conduct narrative transformation for highly complex science popularization content，and build a synergy mechanism between instrumental rationality and value rationality.

The effective communication of scientific information in popularization short videos requires the collaboration of multiple modal discourses. The integration，complementarity，and reinforcement among these multimodal discourses facilitate audiences’understanding of complex scientific knowledge. Based on a multimodal discourse analysis framework，this study explores the narrative strategies of science popularization short videos intending to enhance their effectiveness. This study selects thescience popularization short videos from the Bilibili account“Huazha Hua Xiaolao”as the research object，analyzing the interaction among visual，linguistic，and auditory modal discourses within the videos. Findings indicate that multimodal narratives enhance the narrative expressiveness of science popularization short videos，stimulate emotional expression，and expand cross-media storytelling capabilities. On this basis，this paper proposes the following narrative strategies：scene-based narrative contextual optimization，deep integration of emotions and narrative cues，and cross-platform multimodal storytelling with full-link dissemination. These strategies aim to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the creation and dissemination of science popularization short videos.

To strengthen the national capacity for science popularization and further implement the initiative to enhance the scientific literacy of all citizens，the China Association for Science and Technology（CAST），in collaboration with the National Bureau of Statistics，conducted the 14th national sample survey on Chinese civic scientific literacy in 2024. This survey provided critical data for the evaluation of the“Outline of the National Scheme for Scientific Literacy（2021—2035）”during the 14th Five-Year Plan period，as well as for achieving the goal of raising the proportion of citizens with scientific literacy to over 15% by 2025. The results show that the scientific literacy of Chinese citizens has been improving at an accelerating pace，with the proportion reaching 15.37% in 2024. The imbalance in scientific literacy development has been alleviated to some extent，and the population with basic scientific literacy is now substantial. The internet has further solidified its position as the primary channel for citizens to access scientific and technological information，while science and technology museums have demonstrated higher visitation and utilization efficiency among various science popularization infrastructures. Overall，Chinese citizens increasingly value science，adopt rational and pragmatic attitudes，and support innovation，with further improvements in critical thinking and scientific awareness. The development of artificial intelligence（AI）enjoys a strong public foundation，with citizens holding positive attitudes and ample confidence toward AI applications，though some concerns remain about job displacement.

The revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology provides a more perfect and powerful legal guarantee for the development of science and technology popularization in China，among which“strengthening science education”is one of the key points to implement the social responsibility of science popularization. By introducing the motivation and specific provisions of the science education which newly added in the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology，this paper deeply discusses that science education is an important content of science and technology popularization. Based on the existing research，this paper analyzes the actual problems existing in the current implementation of science education，such as social coordination mechanism，the construction of scientific education personnel and the supply of scientific education resources. Centering on the system mechanism，subject responsibility and teaching elements of science education，this paper constructs the implementation path of science education in the new era from four aspects：standardized guarantee，multi-subject collaboration，professional personnel and high-quality resources，provides ideas for the practice of science education under the vision of the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology. Finally，several specific implementation strategies and suggestions are put forward：to ensure the guidance of laws and policies，to introduce special science education laws，and to strengthen science education research to provide theoretical and empirical support for the reform；all sectors of society promote the integrated development of science education in a multi-subject collaborative way，and gradually build a pattern of“big science education”；optimize the construction of science education personnel from the aspects of quantity，quality and allocation，enhance the professional literacy of science education personnel by strengthening pre-service cultivating and post-service training，and to promote the quality and efficiency of science education；pay attention to the practice-oriented，interdisciplinary and digital nature of science education resources，integrate and share science education resources online and offline through multiple channels，strengthen international exchanges and cooperation，and enable the balanced development of science education with digital intelligence.

Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law is the fundamental guideline and action guide for comprehensively advancing the rule of law. As an important component of comprehensively advancing the rule of law，the rule of law on science and technology popularization must adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law as its fundamental guideline and action guide. Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law guides the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology mainly in four aspects of logic，namely politics，value，theory，and practice. Regarding political logic，it upholds the comprehensive leadership of the Communist Party of China to ensure the socialist direction of the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology. In terms of value logic，it adheres to people-centered principles，insisting on the people-oriented nature of the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology. In terms of theoretical logic，it leads the localization research of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology and promotes the optimization of the science and technology popularization legal system. In terms of practical logic，it guides the positive interaction between the reform of science and technology popularization and legal development，grasping the“key few”in the field of popularization of science and technology，and coordinating domestic and international rule of law on science and technology popularization.

On December 25，2024，the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology underwent its first revision since its enactment 22 years ago. This revision introduced new regulations concerning the governance of disinformation and misinformation，providing a legal foundation for the collaborative governance of such information. Grounded in an analysis of the current challenges in combating disinformation and misinformation，this study examines how the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology shapes the framework for collaborative governance of disinformation and misinformation，and further explores implementation pathways for such governance under this framework. The study finds that the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology establishes a governance framework characterized by multi-stakeholder co-governance. It introduces a dual content review standard focusing on both scientific validity and legality and constructs a comprehensive governance system featuring“prevention-monitoring evaluation -disposal”，which provides solutions to the governance challenges of disinformation and misinformation in the digital intelligence era. In the future，it is necessary to establish a multi-dimensional and integrated safeguard system encompassing institutional frameworks，technological infrastructure，organizational and talent development，economic and resource allocation，as well as social and cultural dimensions to promote the effective implementation of relevant legal provisions.

Since the 1990s，China’s local legislation on science popularization has undergone prolonged development，gradually establishing regional legal frameworks of paradigmatic vzalue. These frameworks have significantly contributed to improving the national science popularization governance system. Grounded in the theory and practice of local science popularization legislation，this study reviews the developmental trajectory and characteristics of China’s regional legal systems for science popularization over the past three decades. It summarizes the close connection between local legislation and national technological advancement and strategic requirements. In alignment with the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology，this research proposes recommendations for future local legislation，including accelerating alignment with higher-level laws，clarifying legislative objectives and planning，fostering collaborative efforts，and pooling resources to highlight local characteristics. The findings aim to provide reference for advancing science popularization legislation across regions.

From the perspective of serving the construction of scientific and technological powerhouse，this paper analyzes the development of China’s science and technology popularization since the implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology. It discusses the opportunities and challenges it faces in the new era，and explains the value of the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology，its goal orientation，and puts forward a targeted implementation strategy，which is aimed at providing theoretical support and practical guidance for China’s science and technology popularization and assisting the high-quality development of the science and technology popularization. The purpose is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for China’s science and technology popularization to serve the construction of Scientific and Technological Powerhouse，thereby contributing to the high-quality development of science and technology popularization.