To study the effect of Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction（身痛逐瘀汤加味）assisting Tuina therapy for chronic frozen shoulder on the changes of bradykinin（BK）and interleukin-1β（IL-1β）in patients.

One hundred patients with chronic frozen shoulder admitted to the Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2022 to April 2023 were selected，and were divided into the Tuina group and the Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction group by the randomized numerical method. The Tuina group was treated with Tuina therapy，and the Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction group was treated with Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction on the basis of Tuina therapy，and the clinical effects of the two groups were analyzed.

The total effective rate was 96.00%（clinical cure rate 28.00% +significant effect rate 42.00% +effective rate 26.00%）in the Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction group was higher than that（84.00%）（clinical cure rate 18.00%+significant effect rate 36.00%+effective rate 30.00%）in the Tuina group，with a significant difference（P<0.05）. Before treatment，there was no difference in bradykinin（BK），5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT）or inflammatory factors between the Tuina group and the Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction group（P>0.05）. The levels of BK，interleukin-18（IL-18），5-HT，IL-1β，interleukin-32（IL-32）and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor（GM-CSF）were lower in the Tuina and Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction groups compared with those before treatment（P<0.05），and they were lower in the Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction group compared with those in the Tuina group（P<0.05）. Before treatment，there was no difference between the McGill Pain Questionnaire score and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons'Score（ASES）in the Tuina group and the Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction group（P>0.05）. McGill scores were lower in the Tuina and Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction groups than those before treatment（P<0.05），and lower in the Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction group than those in the Tuina group（P<0.05）. ASESscores were lower（P<0.05）in the Tuina and Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction groups than those before treatment，and the score in the Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction group higher（P<0.05）than that in the Tuina group.

Modified Shentong Zhuyu Decoction assisting Tuina therapy for chronic frozen shoulder can reduce the expressions of BK，5-HT and Inflammatory Factors and improve the daily living ability.

To observe the therapeutic effect and the levels of related inflammatory factors of electrical stimulation pain-relieving acupoints guided by meridian theory in the treatment of postoperative pain in anal and intestinal diseases.

A hundred and twenty patients with postoperative pain of anal diseases who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a study group and a control group by using a random number table method. The control group consisted of 60 patients who followed the doctor's instructions to receive analgesics after surgery，while the study group consisted of 60 patients who received electroacupuncture combined with analgesics. The pain relief，the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6（IL-6）and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）were compared between the two groups before and after surgery. The acupoints used for electrical stimulation therapy were Changqiang（DU1），Zhibian（BL54），Chengshan（BL57），Shugu（BL65），Zhigou（SJ6）and Hegu（LI4），with an observation period of 7 days.

There was no significant difference in pain intensity between the control group and the study group before and 8 and 12 hours after postoperative pain treatment（P>0.05）. At 24 hours after pain treatment，there was no significant difference in the analgesic effect between the control group and the study group（P>0.05）. At 48 hours after pain treatment and the first bowel movement，the analgesic effect of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group，with a statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. After 7 days of pain treatment，the pain scores of the two groups of patients were similar（P>0.05）. Compared with those of the control group，the levels of IL-6 and TNF-αof the study group showed no downward trend before treatment and on the first day after treatment（P>0.05）. At the 3rd and 7th day time points，the level of IL-6 significantly decreased and was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. On the 3rd day，the level of TNF-αin the study group had a significant decrease（P<0.05），and there was still a downward trend after 7 days，but there was no significant difference compared to that in the control group（P>0.05）.

Under the guidance of meridian theory，electrical stimulation therapy combined with oral analgesics has a good therapeutic effect on postoperative pain of anal diseases，and can effectively alleviate pain during defecation，and significantly reduce the content of inflammatory factors. It has a positive effect on postoperative pain treatment of anal diseases.

To observe the clinical efficacy，recurrence rate and serum inflammation of patients with recurrent oral ulcer treated by Kouyanqing Granules（口炎清颗粒）combined with Kangfuxin Liquid（康复新液）.

Sixty patients with mild recurrent oral ulcer treated in the stomatology department of the hospital from January 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the research objects. The patients were divided into conventional treatment group and Kouyanqing Granules group by random number table method，with 30 cases in each group. The conventional treatment group was given Kangfuxin Liquid. The Kouyanqing Granules group was orally treated with Kouyanqing Granules on the basis of conventional treatment group. The clinical efficacy，clinical symptoms，recurrence rate and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared as well as the changes of serum inflammatory factors and immune function before and after intervention.

The effective rate of the conventional treatment group was 73.33%（22/30）and that of Kouyanqing Granules group was 93.33%（28/30）. Compared with the conventional treatment group，the effective rate of the Kouyanqing Granules group was significantly increased（P<0.05）. Compared with those of the conventional treatment group，the pain duration，wound healing time and feeding improvement time in the Kouyanqing Granules group were significantly shortened and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.01，P<0.05）. After the intervention，the levels of CD3⁺，CD4⁺and CD4⁺/CD8⁺in peripheral blood of the Kouyanqing Granules group were significantly higher than those of the conventional treatment group，while the levels of CD8⁺were significantly decreased（P<0.01，P<0.05）. After the intervention，the serum levels of IL-1，IL-6 and TNF-αin the Kouyanqing Granules group were significantly decreased compared with those in the conventional treatment group（P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between the two groups at 3 and 6 months after the intervention（P>0.05）. However，compared with those of the conventional treatment group，the total recurrence rate of the Kouyanqing Granules group was significantly reduced（P<0.05）. No obvious drug-related adverse reactions or allergic reactions occurred in the two groups during the intervention.

Kouyanqing Granules combined with Kangfuxin Liquid have good clinical effects in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcer，which can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients and reduce the recurrence rate. Its mechanism of action is related to inhibiting serum inflammatory response and regulating the body's immune function.

To observe the effects of electroacupuncture（EA）preconditioning on cardiac function，myocardial injury related indexes and autophagy level in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury（MIRI），and to explore the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture preconditioning in improving MIRI.

Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups：sham operation group，model group，EA group，EA+saline group and EA+agonist group，with 12 rats in each group. The I/R model was established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and reperfusion for 4 h in rats. The EA group，EA+saline group and EA+agonist group were treated with EA intervention at Neiguan（PC6）for 20 min，once a day for successive4 days. In EA+agonist group，nigericin（1 mg/kg），an agonist of NLRP3 receptor，was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before each EA. In EA+saline group，saline was injected into abdominal cavity 30 min before each EA，and the dose was the same as that in agonist group. The echocardiography was used to observe left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF）and left ventricular fractional shortening（LVFS）of rats 4 hours after modeling to evaluate cardiac function. Serum levels of IL-6 were de-tected by ELISA. HE staining was used to observe the myocardial tissue morphology of rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3，Beclin 1，TRIF，Caspase-1，LC3 and IL-18 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.

Compared with those of the sham operation group，the values of LVEF and LVFSin the model group were significantly decreased（P<0.05），and the myocardial fibers were disordered，with vague structure and large inflammatory infiltration. The level of IL-6 and the contents of NLRP3，TRIF，Beclin 1，LC3 mRNA and protein in the myocardial tissue were all increased（P<0.05）. Compared with those of the model group，the myocardial fiber breakage was reduced and a small amount of inflammatory cells infiltrated. In the EA group，the values of LVEF and LVFSwere significantly increased（P<0.05），the level of IL-6 and the expressions of NLRP3 mRNA and protein in myocardial tissue were all decreased（P<0.05），while the contents of TRIF，Beclin 1 and LC3 mRNA and protein were all increased（P<0.05）. Compared with those of the EA group，the levels of IL-6 and the contents of NLRP3，TRIF，Beclin 1，LC3 mRNA and protein and the values of LVEF and LVFSin the EA+saline group had no obvious changes（P>0.05）. In the EA+agonist group，the myocardial structure of rats was abnormal，with obvious tissue fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration，and the values of LVEF and LVFSin rats were obviously decreased（P<0.05）. The level of IL-6 and the expressions of NLRP3 mRNA and protein in myocardial tissue decreased（P<0.05），while the contents of TRIF，Beclin 1 and LC3 mRNA and protein increased（P<0.05）.

EA preconditioning can alleviate myocardial injury in I/R rats by regulating autophagy level，and its mechanism may be related to activating NLRP3/TRIF/Beclin 1 signal pathway.

To investigate the therapeutic effect of exercise combined with Chishao（Paeoniae Radix Rubra）on the rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）.

Forty male rats were divided into the blank control group，the model group，the exercise group，the Chishao（Paeoniae Radix Rubra）group and the exercise combined with Chishao（Paeoniae Radix Rubra）group. Except the blank control group，the other groups were continuously fed with a high-fat diet for 4 weeks，the blood of the rats was collected and the concentrations of alanine aminotransferase（ALT），aspartate aminotransferase（AST），triglyceride（TC），total cholesterol（TG），low-density lipoprotein（LDL-C），high-density lipoprotein（HDL-C），free fatty acid（FFA）and leptin were measured and the body weight and liver weight of the rats were measured.

Feeding with a highfat diet for 4 consecutive weeks could form an animal model of NAFLD rats. In the Chishao（Paeoniae Radix Rubra）group and the exercise combined with Chishao（Paeoniae Radix Rubra）group，the contents of ALT，AST，TC，TG，LDL-C and FFA in the rat serum were significantly lower than those in the model group（P<0.05）. The contents of HDL-Cand leptin in the rat serum in the Chishao（Paeoniae Radix Rubra）group and the exercise combined with Chishao（Paeoniae Radix Rubra）group were significantly higher than those in the model group（P<0.05）.

Chishao（Paeoniae Radix Rubra）can reduce the contents of ALT，AST，TC，TG，LDL-Cand FFA，and increase the contents of HDL-C and leptin to treat NAFLD rats.

To establish a gas chromatography mass spectrometry（GC-MS）technique using 1，1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH）as a free radical for rapid screening of antioxidant active components in the oil extracted from Bangmaoluoxinfu（Trichonephila clavata）.

The method combining GC-MSchromatographic analysis with DPPH radical chemical reaction was used to screen antioxidant components by analyzing the changes in the chromatographic of the oil extracted from Bangmaoluoxinfu（Trichonephila clavata）before and after reaction with DPPH. Furthermore，the antioxidant activity of each compound was evaluated by the rate of reduction of the peak area of the chromatograms. At the same time，to verify the screening results of antioxidants by the DPPH-GC-MSmethod，a methodological study was carried out，and the free radical scavenging ability of the control product was determined by a microplate reader.

A total of 22 compounds were identified from the oil extracted from Bangmaoluoxinfu（Trichonephila clavata），accounting for 89.67% of the total，mainly consisting of fatty acids and esters，with relatively high levels of methyl oleate and methyl linoleate. Sixteen antioxidants were rapidly screened from them by the DPPH-GC-MSmethod，among which 2，4-Di-tert-butylphenol，ethyl stearate，linoleic acid，ethyl linoleate，ethyl oleate and palmitic acid ethyl ester showed strong antioxidant capacity. The results of activity verification showed that the DPPH-GC-MS method was reliable and can be used for rapid screening and identification of antioxidants in natural products.

The DPPH-GC-MSmethod can simply and efficiently screen out the antioxidants in the oil extracted from Bangmaoluoxinfu（Trichonephila clavata），and provided the experimental basis for further development and utilization of Bangmaoluoxinfu（Trichonephila clavata）resources.

To explore the effects and mechanisms of Arenobufagin on colorectal cancer using single-cell transcriptomics and organoid models.

Single-cell sequencing on colorectal cancer xenografts treated with Arenobufagin and phosphate buffered saline（PBS）was performed. The study analyzed the reduction in specific tumor cell subpopulations and their biological functions. EDU experiments assessed the impact of Arenobufagin on HCT 116 cell proliferation，and Western Blotting verified changes in protein expressions related to the Notch pathway. Organoid models were evaluated using Hematoxylin-Eosin and Immunohistochemistry staining.

The single-cell RNA sequencing results revealed that the proportion of the second tumor cell subpopulation significantly decreased following intervention. The subpopulation accounted for 21.57% in the PBS group and 14.16% in the Are group. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that these tumor cells were associated with biological processes such as protein transport，transcription regulated by RNA polymerase II，vesicle-mediated transport，negative regulation of transcription from DNA templates，vesicle-mediated transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus，apoptosis，tumor necrosis factor（TNF）signaling pathway，proteoglycans in cancer，ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation，cancer pathways，Notch signaling pathway，and Wnt signaling pathway. The EDU assay demonstrated that arenobufagin（Are）dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells within the concentration range of 100 nm to 300 nm compared to the PBSgroup. Western blot analysis showed that，compared to the PBSgroup，arenobufagin significantly increased the expression of BAX while downregulating the expression of BCL-2. Additionally，proteins associated with the Notch pathway，including Notch1，Jagged1，HES1，Cyclin D1，and DLL4，exhibited varying degrees of expression inhibition.

Arenobufagin effectively inhibits the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells，likely through the suppression of the Notch signaling pathway.

To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of near-infrared light responsive elemene nanoemulsion thermosensitive hydrogel（ICG-ELE-NE-gel）on 4T1 breast cancer cells when combined with 808 nm near infrared irradiation.

The biological safety of ICG-ELE-NE-gel was evaluated by hemolysis test in vitro. The effect of ICGELE-NE-gel on the proliferation of 4T1 cells in vitro was determined by MTT assay. The uptake effect of 4T1 cells was qualitatively observed by using an inverted fluorescence microscopy. And the changes of cell migration ability were investigated by cell scratch test. Infrared thermal imaging test and in vivo pharmacodynamic study were performed after the orthotopic transplantation animal model of 4T1 breast cancer in BALB/c mice was established. At the end of the pharmacodynamic experiment，the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-6（IL-6）and interferon-γ（IFN-γ）in plasma of 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were measured by ELISA. The pathological changes of the tumor tissues were observed by H&E and TUNEL staining.

ICG-ELE-NE-gel had high biological safety and good photothermal stability. ICG-ELE-NE-gel could inhibit the migration of 4T1 cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. ICG-ELE-NE-gel could be successfully taken up by 4T1 cells and significantly inhibited the horizontal migration of 4T1 cells. ICG-ELE-NE-gel and its laser group could significantly inhibit the growth of body weight and tumor volume of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. The hydrogel could also effectively inhibit the expressions of TNF-αand IL-6，and promote the expression of IFN-γ. The H&E and TUNEL pathological sections showed that the tumor tissues in ICG-ELE-NE-gel group had obvious tumor cell apoptosis. When combined with 808 nm laser irradiation，there was more extensive cell damage or apoptosis.

ICG-ELE-NE-gel combined with near-infrared light irradiation could enhance the anti-tumor activity of 4T1 breast tumor in vitro and in vivo，and possibly realize the photothermal-chemical combination therapy of breast cancer.

Bushen Huoxue Prescription（补肾活血方，BHP），a traditional Chinese medicine formula，is used for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy（DR）. It is composed of four herbal ingredients. However，the absorbed prototypes and metabolites of BHP have not been extensively studied.

The plasma，liver，heart，spleen，lung，kidney，intestine，stomach，eye，urine and feces of SD rats at different time points were collected after intragastric administration of BHP. The absorbed prototypes and metabolites of BHPin rats were characterized using the UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MSstrategy. The metabolic networks in rats after oral administration of BHP were constructed by molecular network.

Seventy-five absorbed prototypes and 123 metabolites were identified in rats belonging to different groups in BHP，including iridoids，phenylethanol glycosides，tanshinones，ginsenosides，isoflavonoids and other types of compounds. Phenylethanoid glycosides were derived from Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix），which had low bioavailability and were easy to be biotransformed into metabolites such as methylation and glucuronidation，and were more distributed in the kidney. The prototype components of tanshinones and isoflavones were derived from Danshen（Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma）and Gegen（Puerariae Lobatae Radix）respectively，which were easily detected in rat plasma and tissues. The metabolic pathways were mainly hydroxylation，methylation and glucuronidation，and the products were easily distributed in plasma and liver and kidney tissues. Ginsenosides were easily hydrolyzed into protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. After phase I metabolism such as dehydrogenation and deoxidation，the products were more distributed in the spleen.

These findings could reveal the mechanism of action of BHPin DR treatment and provide a method for the discovery of metabolites and metabolic pathways.