ArchiveAs the world's largest importer and consumer of dairy products, China exhibits distinctive characteristics in its dairy trade, including a widening deficit and high concentration in import markets. Utilizing monthly import data of Chinese dairy products from 2015 to 2023, this study analyzed the current landscape and trends in terms of source countries, import volume, and product structure. The Rotterdam model is employed to estimate the import demand elasticity for dairy products. The findings indicate that China's import demand for dairy products is inelastic, with a pronounced preference for imports from New Zealand and Australia. To address these patterns, it is recommended to strengthen quality regulations and tariff controls, promote diversification of import sources and refinement of supervision mechanisms, and enhance international bargaining power and rule-making influence.
Against the backdrop of the continuous escalation of China-US trade frictions, the development of China's cattle industry is undergoing unprecedented challenges, such as dependence on imported frozen semen, high costs, and a shrinking market. Taking Dongying, the core area of the Yellow River Delta, as a sample, this study deeply analyzes the development status and existing problems of its cattle industry, especially the dairy cattle industry. Targeted countermeasures are proposed, including promoting the upgrading of the industrial chain and market expansion, optimizing the supply chain layout, and strengthening technological innovation[1]. The aim is to help the cattle industry in Dongying get out of the development dilemma and achieve sustainable and healthy development. Meanwhile, it provides a replicable "Dongying Model" for similar regions to cope with industrial crises caused by trade frictions.
This study took Xinjiang Tianrun Dairy Co., Ltd., as the research subject, constructing a regional operational performance evaluation system encompassing five dimensions: scale, profitability, growth, efficiency, and market foundation. The entropy method is employed to assign weights to indicators and conduct a comprehensive evaluation using data from the Xinjiang regional market (within Xinjiang) and the external market (outside Xinjiang) for the period 2020-2024. The research finds that the regional revenue growth rate and the number of distribution channel outlets are the core indicators driving performance differences. The external market exhibited rapid initial growth but significant volatility, while the performance within the Xinjiang market was stable yet showed sluggish growth. The study indicates that dairy enterprises, during the process of cross-regional operation, need to balance growth momentum with operational stability, as well as scale expansion with efficiency improvement. Finally, management recommendations are proposed based on optimizing product strategy, refining channel management, and revitalizing existing resources, providing decision-making references for the formulation and implementation of regional strategies in the dairy industry.
Corporate mergers and acquisitions are an important path for enterprises to enhance core competitiveness, integrate advantageous resources, and achieve strategic expansion. This paper conducted a case study on the acquisition of Ausnutria by Yili, a leading enterprise in the dairy industry. It systematically analyzed the motives behind Yili's acquisition and used financial indicator analysis to evaluate Yili's acquisition performance, aiming to provide practical inspiration for mergers and acquisitions of dairy enterprises. The research found that: firstly, the motives for Yili's acquisition of Ausnutria are to seize market share, build a global network, enhance innovation capabilities, and achieve strategic goals; secondly, after Yili's acquisition of Ausnutria, its profitability and growth capacity have improved, indicating that the acquisition has enhanced the company's economic benefits; thirdly, Yili's debt repayment capacity and operational capacity have declined, indicating that Yili's integration capacity needs to be improved and the synergistic effect of the acquisition has not been fully realized; fourthly, this paper only evaluated Yili's acquisition performance based on short-term financial data, which made it difficult to fully capture the long-term performance and strategic synergies of the acquisition, thus having certain limitations.
This research focused on traditional dairy products of multiple ethnic groups in Yunnan region, such as milk fan, milk cakes, and butter. It systematically explored their historical origins, production techniques and cultural values. By reviewing historical literature to trace its origin and evolution process, using technological methods to analyze and clarify its core production techniques such as "acid slurry curd", combining cultural anthropology to analyze its social functions, and through industry research toexamine its challenges it faces in its contemporary development.. The traditional dairy products of multiple ethnic groups in Yunnan originated from the agricultural and pastoral civilization of the plateau and the ancient tea horse trade route. Their production techniques are different from those of the northern grassland dairy industry and is a unique adaptation to the mountainous environments. This type of dairy products not only serves as an important source of nutrition, but also deeply integrates into various ethnic festivals and rituals, becoming a symbolic cultural symbol. Currently, this industry is facing challenges such as insufficient standardization of production processes and a gap in the inheritance of skills. To promote the modernization development of traditional dairy products of multiple ethnic groups in Yunnan, a strategy that combines "active inheritance of intangible cultural heritage" with "industrial innovation-driven development" needs to be adopted. This will provide a reference for the protection and value transformation of characteristic traditional food heritage at the national and global levels.
To systematically grasp the current status of key indicators for dairy cow breeding in large-scale pastures in Mudanjiang City, identify strengths and weaknesses in breeding management, and provide a scientific basis for improving regional dairy farming production efficiency and sustainable development levels.
In April 2024, a large-scale pasture in Mudanjiang City was selected as the research subject. Core data including herd structure, reproductive performance, disease incidence, culling/mortality rates, and lactation performance were collected through on-site investigation and compared with the national and Heilongjiang Province averages for the same period.
The herd structure of the pasture was relatively young but gradually stabilizing. The proportion of heifers at the beginning of the period was 29.0%, 32.2% by the end. Overall reproductive performance was at a medium level domestically. Pregnancy rates for timed artificial insemination and natural estrus were 43.9% and 39.1%, respectively. The calving interval was 382 days. Disease prevention and control achieved significant results, with low incidence rates for mammary and surgical diseases. However, obstetric diseases accounted for a high proportion (50.24%), and the incidence rate of internal medical diseases was 25.70%. The culling/mortality rate was slightly higher than the industry average. Dry cows had the highest rate (33.1%), followed by lactating cows (26.2%) and heifers (25.1%). Lactation performance had room for improvement. The average daily milk yield (29.3 kg) was higher than the national average, while the 305-day milk yield was 88 64 kg, milk fat percentage was 3.79%, and milk protein percentage was 3.32%, all lower than the national or Hei longjiang Province averages.
The pasture has foundational advantages in herd structure optimization and prevention/control of certain diseases. However, improvements are still needed in reproductive efficiency enhancement, obstetric and internal medical disease prevention/control, and lactation performance optimization. It is recommended to comprehensively enhance pasture breeding efficiency and production levels by strengthening precise reproductive management, optimizing the disease prevention and control system, scientifically adjusting feed formulations, and standardizing milking operations.
This study aimed to investigate the application value of plant-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in dairy cattle farming.
Using dairy cows from a specific farm as the research subjects, the trial established an experimental group (50 cows) and a control group (50 cows). The experimental group received plant-derived LAB supplemented in their concentrate feed and regular spraying of LAB in the barn and on their bodies. The effects on milk yield, health status, and farming environment were systematically analyzed.
The average daily milk yield of the experimental group reached 12.85 kg/cow/day, which was 25.86% higher than that of the control group (10.21 kg/cow/day). The incidence density of mastitis was 0.15 cases per hundred cow-days in the experimental group, 81.7% lower than that in the control group (0.82 cases per hundred cow-days). The incidence density of hoof disease was 0.23 cases per hundred cow-days in the experimental group, 54.0% lower than that in the control group (0.50 cases per hundred cow-days). The cost per unit of fresh milk was 4.198 RMB/kg in the experimental group, with an investment return rate of 1.82∶1.
Plant-derived lactic acid bacteria can significantly improve the barn hygiene conditions and enhanceheat dairy cattle' stress resistance, effectively improve the economic benefits of dairy cattle farming and possess high value for widespread application and promotion.
Against the backdrop of global warming and the rapid development of intensive dairy farming, heat stress in Holstein cows caused by high temperature and humidity in summer has become increasingly prominent, posing a key constraint to the efficient development of the dairy industry. Based on the physiological characteristics of Holstein cows, this paper systematically elaborated the scientific criteria for determining heat stress, thoroughly analyzed the multi-dimensional impact mechanisms of heat stress on physiological functions, lactation performance, nutrient metabolism, reproductive performance, and health status, and highlights comprehensive prevention and control technologies that combine physical environmental improvements with dietary management. The study aimed to provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for scientifically implementing heat stress mitigation measures on dairy farms, thereby alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress on dairy production, ensuring cow health, improving production performance, and promoting sustainable development of the dairy industry.
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Pulsatilla saponin injection on clinical bovine mastitis, thereby providing new drug options and technical support for its green prevention and control.
Eighty cows with clinical mastitis were selected and divided into four groups of 20 each based on the degree of mastitis lesions, milk traits, and somatic cell count (SCC). The control group (CON) was treated with a conventional antibiotic (ceftiofur sodium). Experimental groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ received intramuscular injections of Pulsatilla saponin injection (active ingredient content: 20 mg/mL) at doses of 5, 10, and 15 mL/cow, respectively, for 5 consecutive days, followed by a 7-day observation period after treatment cessation.
The cure rates in experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 85.0% and 80.0%, respectively, significantly higher than the 70.0% in the CON group (P<0.05). The cure rate in experimental group Ⅰ was 55.0%, significantly lower than the other groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the SCC in milk decreased most significantly in experimental group Ⅱ, from (128.6±15.3) ×104 cells/mL before treatment to (22.5±3.1) ×104 cells/mL, which was significantly lower than the (35.8±4.2) ×104 cells/mL in the CON group (P< 0.05). The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the milk of experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in the CON group (P<0.05), while the contents of milk protein and lactose were significantly higher (P<0.05). The serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in experimental group II were significantly lower than those in the CON group (P<0.05), whereas the immunoglobulin G (IgG) level was significantly higher (P<0.05).
Under the experimental conditions, Pulsatilla saponin injection at a dose of 10 mL/cow demonstrated the optimal therapeutic effect on clinical bovine mastitis. It effectively improved milk traits, reduced SCC, regulated immune function, and presented a low risk of drug residues, making it an ideal green preparation for the prevention and control of clinical bovine mastitis.
As a national advantageous milk source region, Yantai is characterized by a temperate monsoon climate, which contributes to the high incidence of three major diseases in dairy cows, foot rot, mastitis and endometritis seriously restricting the development of local dairy farming. Based on empirical data from 620 lactating cows at Yantai Gerun Fude Ranch from 2019 to 2024, this paper proposed a tripartite prevention and control system of "environmental regulation-intelligent early warning-precision intervention". Practice has shown that the application of digital intelligence management technologies enables the detection time of foot rot to be advanced by 72 hours; the use of IgY antibody therapy can increase the clinical cure rate of mastitis to 76.5%; and probiotic intervention during the perinatal period can reduce the incidence of endometritis by 34%. This model provides a technical template for healthy dairy farming in the Jiaodong Peninsula.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of carbetocin on the therapeutic efficacy for retained placenta, conception rate, and colostrum yield in dairy cows, in order to provide a theoretical basis for its rational clinical application in veterinary practice.
A total of 120 healthy Holstein cows were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group received an intramuscular injection of 10 mL normal saline within 10 minutes postpartum. The low-, medium-, and high-dose groups received intramuscular injections of carbetocin at doses of 250, 300, and 350 μg per head, respectively. The placental expulsion status and time, first-service conception rate, colostrum yield, and serum levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were observed and recorded for each group.
The results showed that as the dose of carbetocin increased, the incidence of retained placenta gradually decreased. The incidence in the medium- and high-dose groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The first-service conception rate was significantly higher in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Colostrum yield showed an increasing trend with dose, but the differences were not statistically significant. The serum levels of inflammatory factors were significantly lower in the medium-dose group compared to the control group.
This experiment indicates that carbetocin can effectively promote placental expulsion, improve the conception rate, and may reduce postpartum inflammatory responses. A dose of 300 μg per head is recommended for clinical use as an appropriate dose that balances efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
With the rapid development of economy and technology, China's dairy industry has achieved high-quality development driven by industrial upgrading and technological innovation. The dairy product quality and safety supervision system has been continuously improved, relevant laws and regulations have become increasingly sound, and supervision capacity and efficiency have been significantly enhanced, laying a solid foundation for the healthy development of the industry and the protection of public health. At present, the dairy industry maintains a good momentum of large-scale and diversified development, but the application of science and technology and the evolution of industrial forms have also brought a few new regulatory challenges. In addition, there is an inherent lag in legal practice, and the supervision mechanism still has room for refinement and optimization. Improving the dairy product quality and safety supervision mechanism is of great significance for consolidating supervision results, improving governance levels, and promoting the sustainable development of the industry. Based on the perspective of multi-center governance, this paper analyzed the current situation of dairy product quality and safety supervision in China, focused on the optimization space in terms of the definition of departmental responsibilities, information sharing mechanisms, market access and recall systems, and the participation of industry associations, and proposes systematic and collaborative governance paths combined with typical cases, so as to help build a scientific, efficient and socially co-governed new pattern of dairy product safety supervision.
To establish an analytical method for determining the content of aflatoxin B1 in cheese and milk using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
After sample extraction, it was purified using an immunoprecipitation column, then concentrated by nitrogen evaporation. The content of aflatoxin B1 was subsequently determined by LC-MS/MS after re-dissolution with the initial mobile phase.
The separation effect of the target analyte was good, and the analytical method was rapid and simple. Within the concentration range of 1 to 80 ng/mL, the samples were analyzed by sequentially injecting concentration standard solutions. The linear regression was performed using the ratio of the chromatographic peak area of aflatoxin B1 to that of each corresponding internal standard as the ordinate and the concentration as the abscissa. The standard curve equation obtained was: Y=0.631 69-3.151 51×10-4X, with a linear correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.999 82. The detection limit of aflatoxin B1 in cheese samples was 0.02 μg/kg, and the quantification limit was 0.05 μg/kg, and the recovery rate ranged with spiked samples was 74.59% to 90.52%; the detection limit of aflatoxin B1 in milk was 0.02 µg/kg, and the quantitative limit was 0.1 µg/kg, and the recovery rate with spiked samples was 79.85% to 100.63%.
This method had high accuracy, fast detection speed and excellent separation performance, and is suitable for quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B1 content in cheese and milk samples.
This research aimed to prepare soy yogurt using soybeans and milk as raw materials through fermentation technology. It systematically explored the effects of process parameters such as the ratio of soy milk to milk, the amount of sucrose added, the inoculation amount of bacteri, and the fermentation time on the product quality, in order to determine the optimal production formula.
A four-factor three-level orthogonal experimental design was adopted. By adjusting parameters such as the ratio of soy milk to cow milk, the amount of sucrose added, the inoculation amount of the bacteria, and the fermentation time, the prepared samples were evaluated for pH value, acidity, and sensory characteristics. The specific operations included: mixing the raw materials, sterilizing at 70 ℃ for 30 minutes, cooling to 43 ℃, inoculating the starter culture, and then fermenting at a constant temperature of 37 ℃.
The experiment results showed that when soy milk and cow milk are mixed in a 20∶80 ratio, 6% sucrose was added, the inoculation amount was 2%, after being sterilized at 70 ℃ for 30 minutes and then cooled to 43 ℃, the starter culture was inoculated and fermented at 37 ℃ for 9 hours, a high-quality soy yogurt with an appropriate acid and sweetness, uniform and delicate texture, good curd state, harmonious flavor and color consistent with the product characteristics could be prepared.
Through orthogonal experiments, the optimal combination of process parameters for soy yogurt was determined, namely a ratio of 20∶80 of soy milk to cow milk, a sugar addition of 6%, a bacterial inoculation amount of 2% and a fermentation time of 9 hours. This ratio scheme significantly improved the sensory quality and physicochemical properties of the yogurt, providing a scientifically feasible reference basis for home or small-scale production scenarios.
Using quinoa puree as the main raw material, and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were simultaneously used to ferment quinoa for the preparation of quinoa yogurt, and its basic properties and antioxidant activities were investigated.
Based on the single-factor experiments (fermentation time, fermentation temperature, inoculation amount and the addition amount of white granulated sugar), the optimal fermentation process was established through the response surface experiment.
Fermentation time and fermentation temperature had significant effects on the quality of quinoa yogurt (P<0.01), the conditions for yogurt fermentation were as follows: the fermentation time was 8.3 h, the fermentation temperature was 43.4 ℃, the inoculation amount was 1.2%, the sugar content was 4.2%, the physicochemical indicators of the quinoa yogurt obtained under this condition were good, all the microorganisms met standards, the free radical scavenging rate of DPPH was (73.41±0.91)%, and the sensory evaluation score was (88.33±1.21) points.
By fermenting quinoa as raw material, a quinoa yogurt with high nutritional value and antioxidant capacity could be obtained.
Bovine colostrum is the milk secreted by a cow 72 hours after giving birth. It is rich in various bioactive components such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and peroxidase, and has significant immune regulatory functions. This paper reviewed the main nutritional components, immune-active components and their content influencing factors in bovine colostrum, and systematically summarized its immune regulatory functions in infants, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. Studies have shown that bovine colostrum has the effects of enhancing mucosal immune function, regulating inflammatory responses, reducing the severity of pathogen infections, and maintaining the stability of immune system. As a natural and safe nutritional intervention strategy, bovine colostrum has broad application prospects in enhancing immunity and promoting health maintenance.
Infant formula is used as a substitute for breast milk for infants. In certain special circumstances, it is the sole food source for infants. Its safety, nutritional value, and sensory quality are particularly important. The flavour of infant formula has a decisive influence on consumer preferences and purchasing decisions. The development of taste in early infancy is closely related to the degree of exposure to food during this period. The development of an infant's sense of taste is closely related to the extent of food exposure, and it may have long-term effects on a child's food acceptance during childhood and their dietary behaviour in adulthood. This study comprehensively reviewed the influencing factors of the sensory quality of infant formula from aspects such as key components, processing techniques and storage conditions. In addition, it explored the application of intelligent sensory analysis technologies, such as facial expression analysis and electroencephalography in the research on infants' preference for infant formula, aiming to provide more intelligent methods and ideas for the study of infants'preference, and to provide technical support and strategic references for improving the sensory quality of infant formula.
As global consumers become increasingly aware of healthy eating, the dairy industry has undergone significant transformation. Traditional dairy products can no longer meet the growingly diverse market demands. There is a rising need for high-nutrition, low-sugar, low-fat, and functional dairy products, which is driving profound changes within the industry. Dairy companies are responding proactively by enhancing product research and development, quality control, and packaging innovation to meet the needs for personalized, convenient, and health-conscious products. Product diversification, by addressing personalized and health-conscious consumer demands, has become a core driving force in the industry's development. By launching innovative products such as functional and organic dairy products, companies can expand market reach, enhance brand competitiveness, and effectively cope with fierce competition in both domestic and international markets. This paper examined the current status and trends of product diversification in dairy processing, and how it responds to changing market demands. It analyzed the evolving consumer needs and challenges in both domestic and global markets. Innovation in the dairy industry must not only cater to different consumer groups but also address issues such as raw material supply, technological advancement, and market competition. This study provided a theoretical basis for the development of the dairy industry and offers valuable insights for companies in formulating marketing and product development strategies.
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