Industrial chain resilience serves as a crucial foundation for constructing a modern industrial system and ensuring industrial security. Based on the theoretical connotation of industrial chain resilience, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for the resilience of the dairy industry chain from three dimensions: resistance capacity, recovery capacity, and transformation capacity. The entropy weight method is employed to measure the resilience of China's dairy industry chain from 2013 to 2022, and the obstacle degree model is applied to analyze its influencing factors. The results indicated that: （1）The resilience of China's dairy industry chain shows an overall fluctuating upward trend, with significant improvements in resistance capacity but slower growth in recovery and transformation capacities. （2）There are notable differences in industrial chain resilience across production regions, ranking as follows: North China > Northeast and Inner Mongolia > areas surrounding large cities > Southern China > Western China. （3）Key obstacles influencing industrial chain resilience include milk production, dairy cattle inventory, rural road density, R&D investment level, and import dependency, with influencing factors exhibiting heterogeneity across different regions. Based on these findings, this paper proposes recommendations such as promoting the coordinated development of advanced manufacturing clusters, accelerating the enhancement of weak links in the industrial chain, and exploring new service-oriented manufacturing formats, aiming to comprehensively improve the resilience of China's dairy industry chain and foster high-quality development in the dairy sector.

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the synergistic potential of the winter rapeseed-summer maize relay cropping system in ameliorating saline-alkali soil and increasing forage yield,addressing the severe soil salinization,low productivity,and insufficient supply of high-quality forage for dairy farming in the coastal saline-alkali areas of Tianjin. The goal was to provide technical support for the integration of regional agriculture and animal husbandry and the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land resources.[Methods] A field experiment was conducted in mildly saline-alkali soil in the Binhai New Area of Tianjin. The winter rapeseed-summer maize relay cropping system （WR-MC） was compared with the monocropped maize system （MC） in terms of their effects on soil physicochemical properties,maize agronomic traits,and yield. Soil pH,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and other indicators were measured. Maize ear height,stem diameter,fresh weight,and other agronomic traits were analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between soil properties and maize traits.[Results] Compared with the MC system,the WR-MC system significantly reduced soil pH to 8.35 and significantly increased soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium contents by 0.02%,22.24%,and 17.62%,respectively. Maize ear height was significantly increased by 16.17%. Correlation analysis indicated that maize ear height and stem diameter were significantly negatively correlated with soil pH and positively correlated with soil nutrient indicators.[Conclusion] The winter rapeseed-summer maize relay cropping system effectively improved the physicochemical properties of coastal saline-alkali soil,promoted maize growth,and increased forage yield. It is a feasible synergistic technology for saline-alkali soil amelioration and forage yield enhancement,demonstrating value for broader application.

Greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock industry have become a critical issue in addressing climate change,with dairy cattle being major contributors due to their substantial methane and nitrous oxide emissions.This paper systematically synthesizes the microbial mechanisms underlying greenhouse gas emissions in dairy cattle and focuses on recent advances in microbial intervention technologies,including feed additives,microbiota transplantation,genetic engineering,and manure treatment.It also evaluates the current challenges in practical application,such as ecological stability and the lack of standardized regulatory frameworks.Furthermore,this paper explores future directions including multi-omics-guided precision regulation,integrated “microbe-animal-feed-environment” system models,incorporation into carbon trading mechanisms,and interdisciplinary collaboration.The objective is to provide theoretical and policy insights for promoting the effective application of microbial intervention technologies (consistent with the title) in low-carbon dairy cattle production systems, thereby supporting the sustainable transformation of the dairy industry.

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the key pathogenic factors of cow hoof disease,build a multi-dimensional comprehensive prevention and control system,and provide theoretical basis for reducing the incidence of hoof disease and improving the health level of cows.[Method] Through literature analysis and field investigation,the pathogenic mechanisms such as genetic susceptibility,nutritional imbalance,humid environment and microbial infection were clarified,and the “genetic-nutritional-environmental”trinity prevention and control strategy covering genetic improvement,precise nutrition regulation,environmental management and hoof bath health care was designed.[Result] The implementation of this system can effectively reduce the incidence of hoof disease,improve the cure rate of hoof infection and reduce the elimination rate of cows.[Conclusion] Multi-factor synergistic prevention and control can effectively block the occurrence path of hoof disease,which has significant economic benefits and popularization value.

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the tick species on the body surface of cattle and sheep in Yinan county Shandong Province,and detect the prevalence of parasitic tick-borne pyriformis..[Method] Hard ticks were collected from the surface of cattle and sheep,and their morphological characteristics were preliminarily identified.Subsequently,molecular identification was carried out using the mitochondrial cox1 gene,and the 18S rRNA gene was used as the target gene to investigate the prevalence of parasitic tick-borne pyriformis.[Result] A total of 338 ticks were collected,including 219 longhorn blood ticks and 119 microfan-headed ticks. The COX1 gene sequences of five longhorn blood ticks showed the highest homology （99.7%~99.9%） with known species, while five microfan-headed ticks exhibited the highest similarity （99.3%~99.6%） to known species, all belonging to branch B. PCR analysis revealed an average detection rate of 7.10% （24/338） for Babesia and 3.25% （11/338） for Tyleria in longhorn blood ticks. [Conclusion] The results indicated that longhorn blood ticks and microfan-headed ticks are the dominant surface ticks on cattle and sheep in Yinan County,with common carriage of Paragonimiasis. Local authorities and livestock farming enterprises should enhance tick detection and control measures.

Bovine mastitis is one of the most prevalent and economically damaging diseases in the dairy industry.It presents a complex pathogen spectrum,including gram-positive bacteria,gram-negative bacteria,and emerging atypical microorganisms,and exhibits distinct clinical classifications.With the escalating problem of drug resistance in dairy cow farming, traditional treatment models are facing challenges, and the diagnosis and treatment of mastitis are in urgent need of a transformation towards precision and diversification.This paper provided a comprehensive review of the pathogens associated with mastitis,its clinical classifications,and recent advances in molecular diagnostic techniques.It highlighted the current research status and application prospects of novel therapeutic strategies such as antibiotics,bacteriophages,antimicrobial peptides,probiotics,herbal medicine,immunotherapy,nanomaterials,and stem cell therapy.Furthermore,it integrated genetic selection,nutritional regulation,dry-off period management,and teat sealant use into a systematic framework for comprehensive mastitis prevention and control.The aim was to offer a theoretical and practical basis for early detection,effective control,and sustainable management of bovine mastitis,thereby promoting healthier and more efficient dairy farming systems.

Based on the requirements for quality,safety,and operational efficiency in the dairy industry,this paper exploredd the practice and innovation of the Just-In-Time （JIT） management model in dairy plant warehouse management. By analyzing the problems of inventory backlog,risks associated with near-expiry products,and hidden costs under traditional inventory management models,and integrating the JIT principles of "zero inventory,flexible production,and total quality management," a JIT implementation framework suitable for dairy plant warehouses is constructed. Key specific measures are proposed,focusing on demand forecasting,production planning optimization,supplier evaluation systems,warehouse layout,and process reengineering. These measures are integrated with 5S on-site management,information technologies （such as SRM systems,IoT,big data,blockchain,etc.）,and rapid testing methods to achieve precise control of raw materials and finished products,efficient traceability,and inventory minimization. Practice shows that JIT management can significantly improve inventory turnover,reduce quality risks,and enhance supply chain resilience,providing a viable pathway for dairy enterprises to achieve dual improvements in food safety and operational efficiency. Finally,the paper looked forward to the future trend of deep integration between JIT management and digital technologies,emphasizing that enterprises should flexibly implement JIT strategies based on their own characteristics to promote the evolution of dairy warehouse management towards an intelligent stage.

[Objective] To study the effects of different culture media,culture temperatures and culture times on the levels of psychrotrophiles microorganisms in raw cow's milk,aiming to improve the accuracy and consistency of the detection of psychrophiles detection in raw cow's milk.[Method] This experiment adopted the 6.5 ℃ colony counting method（referred to as“PCMA method”）in the first method and the 21 ℃ colony counting method（referred to as“PCMA rapid method”）in the second method of“SN/T 2552.4-2010 Microbiological Testing methods for Milk and Dairy Products”and “ISO 6730：2005 Milk—Enumeration of colony forming units of psychrotrophic microorganisms—Colony-count technique at 6.5 ℃”（referred to as“PCA Method”）and“ISO 8552：2004 Milk—Estimation of psychrotrophic microorganisms— Colony-count technique at 21 ℃ （Rapid Method）”（referred to as“PCA Rapid Method”） was used to detect the levels of psychrophiles in a total of 66 raw cow's milk samples from 2 dairy products of 8 dairy farms in South China in 2017 under different culture conditions.[Result] The data consistency of the PCA method and the PCA rapid method was poor when detecting the same type of raw cow's milk. The PCMA method and the PCMA rapid method also showed the problem of poor data consistency when detecting raw cow's milk. Although the PCA method and the PCMA method were consistent in quantity when detecting the same type of raw material milk,the culture medium of the PCMA method was relatively turbid,and the colony morphology was small,which was prone to misjudgment.[Conclusion] Different culture media,culture temperatures and culture times have an impact on the detection results of psychrophilic bacteria in raw cow's milk. The PCMA rapid method can be used to make a preliminary judgment on the level of psychrophiles in raw cow's milk. However,for more accurate colony technology results,it is still recommended to use the PCA method as the final determination basis.

[Objective] To understand the contamination level of Aflatoxin M₁（AFM₁）in dairy products.[Method] The content of AFM₁ in 2 099 dairy products in Yinchuan City was determined by colloidal gold immunochromatography rapid detection method and high performance liquid chromatography,and the exposure risks of different populations were evaluated. [Result] The positive detection rate of AFM₁ was 9.58%,and the contamination level of milk-containing beverages was the highest. Special attention should be paid to the risk of children aged 2 to 6. [Conclusion] AFM₁ was detected in all 10 kinds of dairy products sold in Yinchuan,but the contamination level was within a controllable range. Given that the risk of liver cancer caused by AFM₁ among children who consume milk-containing beverages is relatively high,a systematic monitoring mechanism needs to be established and long-term dynamic supervision implemented.

[Objective] To evaluate the uncertainty of determination of lactoferrin content in pasteurized milk by high performance liquid chromatography.[Method] According to the “CNAS—GL006—2019 Guidelines for Evaluation of Uncertainty in Chemical Analysis”and“GB 5009.299—2024 National Food Safety Standard for Determination of Lactoferrin in Food”,the content of lactoferrin in pasteurized milk was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Established a mathematical model to identify the main sources of uncertainty introduced during the experiment,then quantified them,synthesized standard uncertainty,and calculated extended uncertainty.[Result] When the mass concentration of lactoferrin in pasteurized milk was 4.17 mg/100 g,the extended uncertainty of the result was 0.16 mg/100 g,including factor k=2,with a confidence probability of 95%.[Conclusion] The main sources of uncertainty introduced during the experiment included repeated measurements（u1）,calibration curve fitting（u2）,preparation of standard solution series（u3）,constant volume of samples（u4）,and weighing of samples（u5）. The measurement uncertainty components have a significant impact on the detection results.The uncertainty of the evaluation criteria can standardize the experimental operation process in a targeted manner,reduce the impact of introduced uncertainty components on the detection results,provide a scientific basis for quality control of lactoferrin detection,and is also one of the necessary conditions for the laboratory to be accredited by the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment（CNAS）.

[Objective] To enhance the laboratory testing capability and level,optimize the experimental data processing procedure,strengthen the laboratory quality control system,and improve the credibility of experimental results,this study systematically verified the detection capability of lactic acid bacteria count.[Method] According to the“ACAS-PT1911（2024）Proficiency Testing Guide for Lactic Acid Bacteria in Milk Powder”and“GB 4789.35-2023 National Food Safety Standard - Microbiological testing of food - Lactic Acid Bacteria Testing”,the proficiency testing samples with numbers 24-S614 and 24-F143 were tested, and the uncertainty was evaluated.[Result] The detection result of sample 24-S614 was 7.0×10⁶,with a Z value of -1.0. The detection result of sample 24-F143 was 1.1×10⁷,with a Z value of 1.2. The │Z│of both test proficiency testing samples was≤2.0,which was a satisfactory result..Critical control point analysis and uncertainty assessment indicated that dilution error,weighing error,temperature fluctuation,and repeated detection were the main contributing sources. The expanded uncertainty of the lactic acid bacteria count results was 2.2×10^-4（P=95%,k=2）.[Conclusion] The results of the proficiency testing indicate that the laboratory's ability to detect lactic acid bacteria has been effectively enhanced,increasing the reliability of the laboratory's detection results. This confirmed that such matrix proficiency testing samples had good stability and reliability,providing a reference for the standardization of lactic acid bacteria detection methods in milk powder.

[Objective] The detection of folic acid in infant formula is of critical significance for ensuring the healthy growth of infants and young children and for product quality control. Regular participation in detection proficiency testing activities helps enhance the capability level of personnel and provides a guarantee for the improvement of the laboratory's detection ability for folic acid content in infant formula.[Method] This study participated in the proficiency testing project for folic acid detection in infant formula with item number MA-IP-025-042-24-E9326 of the Chinese Academy of Quality and Inspection&Testing. The detection was completed strictly in accordance with the operation instructions provided by the organizer and the detection methods of this laboratory. Based on the specificity and high sensitivity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus to folic acid,in this study,a simple and highly accurate quantitative detection system for folic acid was constructed by using the IfpVitaFast Vitamin B9 Folic Acid test kit in combination with microbiological methods. The folic acid content in the verification sample MA-IP-025-042-24-E9326 was quantitatively detected,and the test results were analyzed and evaluated.[Result] The detected result of folic acid content in sample MA-IP-025-042-24-E9326 was 119.64 μg/100 g,with a Z-value of 0.2,and |Z|≤2. The result was satisfactory.[Conclusion] The test kit method provided accurate detection results,was simple,rapid and efficient to operate,and offers reliable technical support for the analysis of laboratory detection capability of folic acid content in infant formula.

Milk-derived immunoglobulins are a class of biologically active proteins widely present in bovine milk and colostrum,playing a key role in enhancing immune function and regulating intestinal health. This paper systematically reviewed the content distribution,application forms in food,factors affecting stability,and the relationship between structure and function of milk-derived immunoglobulins,with a focus on their practical applications and efficacy validation in infant formula,sports nutrition products,and general functional foods. Additionally,the current technological challenges and regulatory environment in the industrialization process are analyzed. Prospects for promoting broader application through technological improvements and standard establishment are were proposed,aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the development and application of related functional foods.

The implementation of “China Excellent Milk Project” has become the a key path for the domestic dairy industry to address to the challenges of consumption upgrading and health demands. The advancement of this project has always been driven by technological breakthroughs and conceptual innovations. This paper analyzed the theoretical innovation and practical exploration of high-quality milk. Based on the review of the current development status of the industry,it focuses on examining the operational mechanisms of the three core driving forces：consumption upgrade,technological iteration and policy guidance. At the same time,it deeply analyzed the core controversial points in four dimensions：quality control standards,supply chain collaboration models,policy application boundaries and market competition patterns. It also looked forward to the frontier trends such as digital transformation and sustainable development of the industry,aiming to provide solid theoretical support for the quality improvement of high-quality milk and promoting the sustainable development of the industry.

Amid rising cultural confidence and the revival of “Guochao” trends,auspicious culture,as a spiritual gene of Chinese tradition,provides profound impetus for innovation in food packaging design.This study focuses on the dairy sector,deconstructing the five elemental systems of auspicious culture（object-based auspiciousness,behavior-based auspiciousness,language-based auspiciousness,number-based auspiciousness,and color-based auspiciousness）.Through case studies of brands like Yantang Dairy and Want Want Milk,it demonstrates the translation pathways of traditional symbols in modern packaging.Firstly,visual symbols（e.g.,auspicious cloud patterns,meander motifs） enhance aesthetic value in dairy packaging.Secondly,homophonic wordplay in brand and product names（e.g.,“ShunShunLiLi” implying smooth success,“ZaoZaoFaCai” symbolizing wealth） constructs emotional narratives that deliver consumer value.Thirdly,seasonal rituals（e.g.,wellness gift sets,exam-season marketing） activate consumption scenarios through behavioral ceremony.Collectively,auspicious culture empowers products by elevating emotional value,offering dairy industries a differentiated strategy to transcend homogenized competition while revitalizing cultural heritage.

Camels,as a unique livestock breed in arid or semi-arid desert and Gobi areas,produce milk rich in protein,amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids,various vitamins and minerals,which has high nutritional value and shows potential medical value in the auxiliary treatment of various diseases.This paper systematically reviewed the overview of the species resources of Bactrian camel in China,analyzed in detail the nutritional components in camel milk,including protein,amino acids,vitamins,fatty acids and mineral contents,and further explored the research progress of camel milk in the auxiliary treatment of diabetes,liver and kidney diseases and anti-inflammation,with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the in-depth research and comprehensive development and utilization of camel milk.

As core competitiveness of dairy enterprises,dairy formulation directly determines the quality and taste of products,and the protection of relevant rights and interests plays a key role in promoting industrial progress.At present,domestic related enterprises mainly adopt technical secrets and patents to protect the rights and interests of formulas,but there are deficiencies in each.The technical secret method is prone to the hidden danger of information leakage,and it is difficult to coordinate with the consumer's demand for information.The patent method faces challenges such as easy imitation of technology and strict licensing standards,which restricts the healthy development of the industry.Therefore,it is suggested to establish a formula technology confidentiality system,adjust the patent examination standards,and enrich the means of rights and interests protection,so as to increase the intellectual property protection of dairy formulas and promote the development of the dairy industry.

Food safety is a critical issue concerning both public well-being and economic development. In recent years, while China's dairy industry has continued to expand in scale, incidents related to product quality and compliance risks have still occurred from time to time, highlighting the urgency of strengthening legal and compliance construction in enterprise production processes. This paper takes the 2022 Milkground Group incident involving the illegal addition of propylene glycol to pure milk as a starting point. By reviewing the course of the incident and its administrative penalties, it analyzes the sources of compliance risks faced by dairy enterprises in their production processes. These mainly include: the excessive or unauthorized use of food additives, inadequate implementation of production standards, deficiencies in internal management systems, weak compliance awareness among employees, as well as external regulatory pressures and social supervision. Building on this analysis, the paper proposes systematic response strategies from a legal control perspective: enterprises should establish and improve internal legal compliance systems and risk early-warning mechanisms; refine food safety management systems and strengthen employee compliance training; and proactively align with legal regulations and supervisory requirements while establishing smooth consumer supervision channels. The study argued that only by embedding compliance management into the entire production and operation process, and achieving synergistic interaction between internal controls and external supervision, can dairy enterprises effectively avoid legal risks, ensured product quality and safety, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.