To investigate the impact of different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness on the occurrence of stroke.

This study was based on the Kailun cohort study, which included a total of 37 547 participants, followed up until December 31, 2019.Cardiorespiratory fitness (Estimated cardiorespiratory fitness, eCRF) was estimated using a non-exercise algorithm, and the average eCRF values from measurements taken in 2006, 2008, and 2010 were calculated, standardized, and grouped according to gender-specific tertiles. Cox regression models were employed to explore the relationship between varying levels of eCRF and the incidence of stroke and its subtypes.

During a median follow-up of 9.05 (8.67, 9.33) years, a total of 2 100 cases of stroke (5.59%) were observed, including 1 899 (5.06%) ischemic strokes and 226 (0.60%) hemorrhagic strokes. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to the low average eCRF group, the high eCRF group exhibited a 28% reduction in stroke risk (HR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.62-0.82), a 23% reduction in ischemic stroke risk (HR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.67-0.89), and a 40% reduction in hemorrhagic stroke risk (HR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.39-0.91).

Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness can reduce the risk of stroke and its subtypes.

To explore the latent categories of cognitive function in older adults and their influencing factors.

Data from the 2020 CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) were used, including 4 606 participants aged 60 years and above. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify the latent categories of cognitive function, and multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were conducted to examine the influencing factors.

Cognitive function in older adults was classified into four categories: “Low Cognitive Function-Low Attention Group” (21%), “Moderate Cognitive Function-Balanced Group” (18.6%), “High Cognitive Function-High Attention Group” (47.7%), and “Low Cognitive Function-High Visuospatial Ability Group” (12.7%). Protective factors for the “High Cognitive Function-High Attention Group” included age <70 years, higher education level, male gender, internet use, non-smoking, and absence of depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Age exhibited a non-linear dose-response relationship with the risk of belonging to the “Low Cognitive Function-Low Attention Group” (P _overalltrend <0.001, P _{non-linearity} <0.001), “Moderate Cognitive Function-Balanced Group” (P _overalltrend =0.016, P non-linearity =0.006), and “Low Cognitive Function-High Visuospatial Ability Group” (P_overalltrend =0.007, P_{non-linearity} =0.004).

Cognitive function in older adults demonstrates distinct categorical characteristics, suggesting that healthcare professionals should develop targeted and personalized intervention strategies based on these categories and their influencing factors to prevent and delay cognitive impairment.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected cases among farmers in Guizhou Province and provide a scientific basis for formulating AIDS prevention and control strategies.

The data of AIDS cases reported among farmers in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2022 were selected from the Chinese AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics, and a linear regression model was constructed with the year as the independent variable and the number of cases as the dependent variable to analyze the changing trend.

From 2010 to 2022, 47 811 HIV/AIDS cases were reported among farmers in Guizhou Province, accounting for 60.40% of the total number of cases. The number of reported cases showed an upward trend (AAPC=23.10%). The male-to-female ratio of the cases was 2:1. The majority of the cases were over 50 years old (56.55%),and the number of cases in each age group showed an overall upward trend. The main mode of transmission was heterosexual transmission (97.74%), and non-commercial heterosexual intercourse was the main mode for both males (49.01%) and females (61.50%). The samples were mainly sourced from medical institution tests (76.56%), and the proportion of late detection was 74.97%.

From 2010 to 2022, the number of reported HIV/AIDS cases among farmers in Guizhou Province showed an upward trend. The cases were mainly elderly, with a high proportion of late detection, relatively low educational levels, and heterosexual contact was the main mode of transmission, mainly non-commercial heterosexual intercourse. Attention should be paid to the HIV epidemic among farmers, and AIDS prevention and control strategies targeting farmers need to be explored according to the characteristics of this population.

To investigate the contamination levels of Legionella pneumophila (Lp) in shower water at bathing venues in Shandong Province, the influencing factors, and antibiotic resistance, providing a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for Lp infections in the population.

Using a cluster random sampling method, 2 to 3 public bathing venues were selected annually from 16 cities in Shandong Province from 2020 to 2022 for testing Lp in shower water. The influencing factors on the detection rate of Lp were explored based on the time of water sample collection, the size of water tanks, water supply methods, and whether the tanks were disinfected. Serotyping and antibiotic resistance testing were conducted on positive samples to further analyze the characteristics of antibiotic resistance in Lp.

Among the 143 samples collected, 55 tested positives for Lp, yielding a positivity rate of 38.5%. Serological typing identified that serotype 1 (LP1) accounted for 51% of the positive Lp strains. The detection rate of Lp was influenced by various factors, including different water sample collection times (46.7% in October, 29.4% in April, χ²=4.49, P < 0.05), varying water tank storage capacities (50.8% for tanks with a capacity greater than daily water usage, 18.2%for those with a capacity less than daily usage, χ²=10.39, P < 0.01), and different sampling locations (26.5% at the water inlet of the pipeline, 44.7% at the showerhead, χ²=4.48, P < 0.05), with statistically significant differences observed within the groups. The 55 positive strains exhibited varying degrees of resistance to seven first-line treatment antibiotics, with the highest resistance rate to cefuroxime (90.9%) and the lowest to azithromycin (14.5%).

The positivity rate of Lp in shower water at bathing venues across 16 cities in Shandong Province is primarily influenced by environmental temperature and the retention of shower water in the water supply system. The Lp strains in the environment show significant resistance to antibiotics such as cefuroxime, rifampicin, and sulbactam. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of shower water, pay attention to changes in bacterial resistance, ensure the safety of shower water in public places, and protect the health of the population.

To analyze the impact of temperature on stroke mortality among residents in Wuhan city.

Stroke mortality data, meteorological data, and environmental monitoring data from 2014 to 2019 in Wuhan were collected. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to assess the impact of temperature on stroke mortality. Stratified analyses were conducted based on gender and age to identify vulnerable populations.

The temperature-stroke mortality relationship in Wuhan exhibited an inverted “J” shape. High temperatures (P_97.5=32 °C) had the strongest immediate effect on stroke mortality on the same day, with the cumulative effect peaking on the 14^th day (relative risk [RR]=1.410, 95%CI: 1.219-1.630 compared to the minimum mortality temperature [MMT]). Low temperatures (P_2.5=1 °C) showed a delayed effect, beginning on the second day after exposure and reaching the maximum cumulative effect on the 21^st day (RR=1.553, 95%CI:1.161-2.079). Stratified analysis revealed that the cumulative effect of low temperatures on stroke mortality was the highest on the 21^st day for males (RR=1.786, 95%CI: 1.195-2.670), on the 7^th day for individuals aged <65 years (RR=1.607, 95%CI:1.151-2.243), and on the 14^th day for those aged ≥65 years (RR=1.627, 95%CI: 1.251-2.116). For high temperatures, the cumulative effect peaked on the 14^th day for males (RR=1.347, 95%CI: 1.104-1.645), individuals aged <65 years (RR=1.559,95%CI: 1.117-2.176), and those aged ≥65 years (RR=1.401, 95%CI: 1.204-1.631), while for females, it peaked on the 21^st day (RR=1.507, 95%CI: 1.188-1.912).

Both low and high temperatures can increase the risk of stroke mortality. High temperatures exhibit a more acute effect, while low temperatures show significant delayed and cumulative effects. Females andindividuals aged <65 years are at higher risk of stroke mortality under high temperatures, whereas males and those aged ≥65 years are more vulnerable under low temperatures. Protective measures should be strengthened for these high-risk populations.

To explore the relationship between health literacy and health-related quality of life among residents in Qingdao, and to verify the mediating effect of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of chronic disease status in this relationship.

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 7 000 permanent residents aged 15 to 69 years from 10 districts (cities) in Qingdao. Questionnaires were conducted using measurement tools such as the Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire and the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). SPSS 24.0 software was used for data processing and statistical analysis, and the PROCESS plugin Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating and moderating effects.

A total of 6 385 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective response rate of 91.21%. The health literacy score of the respondents was (44.912 ±14.461) points, the self-efficacy score was (12.908 ± 2.005) points, the health-related quality of life utility value was (0.972 ± 0.078) points, and the number of people with chronic diseases was 1 160, accounting for 18.17% of the total. Health literacy could not only directly and positively predict the health-related quality of life of residents (β=0.074, P < 0.001), but also affect it through the mediating effect of self-efficacy, with the mediating effect being 32.43%. Both the direct effect of health literacy on the health-related quality social support networks, reduce levels of frailty, and enhance health literacy to improve their quality of life.of life of residents and the mediating effect of self-efficacy were moderated by chronic disease status. Compared with those without chronic diseases, the effect of self-efficacy on health-related quality of life was significantly enhanced among single-chronic disease patients (B_simple=0.228, P < 0.001), and the enhancement effect of health literacy and self-efficacy on health-related quality of life was more significant among multiple-chronic disease patients (B_simple=0.167, P=0.003; B_simple=0.253, P <0.001).

Health literacy affects the health-related quality of life of residents through self-efficacy, and chronic disease status moderates the relationships among health literacy, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life.

To analyze the characteristics of infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023 in the “Public Health Emergency Management Information System” providing a basis for effective prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks in the province.

A descriptive analysis was conducted on infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023, utilizing ArcGIS 10.5 and GeoDa 1.6 software to explore hotspot areas.

From 2004 to 2023, Gansu Province reported a total of 1 184 infectious disease outbreaks, with a total of 46 352 reported cases and an affected population of 2 616 380, resulting in an incidence rate of 1.77%. A total of 69 deaths were reported, yielding a case fatality rate of 0.15%. General-level events accounted for 1 173 cases (99.07%), while larger-scale events accounted for 11 cases (0.93%). The majority of reported events were caused by Category B infectious diseases, totaling 729 cases (61.57%). The top three reported diseases were chickenpox, mumps, and hand, foot, and mouth disease. Reports peaked in April to June and October to December, accounting for 49.9% and 38.3% of annual reports, respectively. Lanzhou city had the highest number of reported events at 339 (28.63%), with hotspot areas concentrated in Gaolan County, Yuzhong County, and Anning District. Outbreaks primarily occurred in primary schools (593 cases, 50.08%) and childcare institutions (179 cases, 15.12%).

From 2004 to 2023, the primary infectious disease outbreaks in Gansu Province were chickenpox, mumps, and hand, foot, and mouth disease, with peaks in April to June and October to December. It is essential to strengthen infectious disease prevention and control in hotspot areas, particularly in primary schools and childcare institutions.

To construct a risk prediction model for short-term poor prognosis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and to explore the influencing factors of poor short-term prognosis in these patients, providing a basis for early prediction and intervention.

AECOPD patients admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Cangzhou People’s Hospital in Hebei Province from October 2020 to September 2021 were selected as the study subjects. After 90 days, patients were divided into case group (n=167) and control group (n=250) based on prognosis outcomes. Patient demographics, disease conditions, the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) were collected at different time points. Binary logistic regression was used for factor analysis, and a nomogram prediction model was established. The diagnostic efficacy and calibration of the nomogram model were evaluated using ROC curves and calibration curves, while DCA was used to assess clinical utility.

Multivariate analysis indicated that marital status (OR=2.111, 95%CI:1.076-4.141), severity of illness (OR=5.322, 95%CI: 2.908-9.740), history of frequent acute exacerbations (OR=8.217, 95%CI:4.569-14.778), nutritional risk (OR=2.463, 95%CI: 1.141-5.319), and PCT (OR=2.039, 95%CI: 1.116-3.727) were independent risk factors for poor short-term prognosis in AECOPD patients. The nomogram prediction model had an AUC of 0.894 (95%CI: 0.868-0.929), and the calibration curve demonstrated good consistency between predicted probabilities and actual outcomes, indicating high predictive accuracy.

The nomogram model can accurately identify the risk of poor short-term prognosis in AECOPD patients, providing a theoretical basis for personalized clinical management of AECOPD patients.

To evaluate the discriminative ability of the Kinetic Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (kDPRA) for identifying the skin sensitization potential of chemicals.

A total of 31 chemicals with known skin sensitization strengths were selected.These chemicals were prepared in phosphate-buffered saline or acetonitrile to create solutions at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0,10.0, and 20.0 mmol/L. A mixture of 40 μl of the above solutions with 120 μl of a 0.667 mmol/L cysteine peptide was prepared, alongside blank controls, solvent controls, test substance controls, and a positive control (cinnamaldehyde). The mixtures were incubated at 25°C for 10, 30, 90, 150, 210, and 1 440 minutes. After the respective incubation times, 40 μl of 3 mmol/L monobromination was added for 5 minutes, and fluorescence intensity was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader with excitation at 390 nm and emission at 480 nm. The consumption rate and rate constant of the cysteine peptide were calculated, with the maximum logarithmic rate constant (log kmax) from the six time points serving as the evaluation metric for the skin sensitization potential of various chemicals.

Testing 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene yielded log kmax values of -0.39,-0.28, and -0.31 across three tests, all classified as Category 1A sensitizers. Consistent sensitization classifications were obtained from three repeated tests on 10 chemicals. Expanding to 20 additional chemicals, 6 were classified as Category 1A and 14 as non-1A. The skin sensitization classifications for all 31 tested chemicals were consistent with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) database.

This method demonstrates good discriminative ability for assessing the skin sensitization potential of chemicals.

To analyze the influencing factors of carotid artery plaque occurrence based on a prospective dynamic cohort.

A nested case-control study was adopted. A total of 1 150 newly-diagnosed patients with carotid artery plaques from March 2018 to November 2023 were selected as the case group. According to the principles of the same gender, age ± 3 years, and the same year and month of the initial examination, 1 150 individuals without carotid artery plaques were individually matched at a ratio of 1:1 as the control group. Finally, 2 300 subjects were included in the study. A conditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of carotid artery plaque occurrence. Meanwhile, the dose-response relationship between different exposure factors and the risk of carotid artery plaque was analyzed by using tertile stratification and restricted cubic spline (RCS).

The results of multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR=1.370, 95%CI: 1.073-1.748), blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (OR=1.024, 95%CI: 1.004-1.044), and red blood cell distribution width-SD (OR=1.037, 95%CI: 1.003-1.072) were risk factors for carotid artery plaques, while total protein (OR=0.966, 95%CI: 0.944-0.988) was a protective factor.The RCS results showed that there was a negative linear dose-response relationship between HDL-C, total protein and the risk of carotid artery plaque, and a positive linear dose-response relationship between blood urea nitrogen/creatinine and the risk of carotid artery plaque (P _overall < 0.05, P _non-linear > 0.05). No dose-response relationship was found between red blood cell distribution width-SD and the risk of carotid artery plaque.

HDL-C, total protein, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine, and red blood cell distribution width-SD are associated with the occurrence of carotid artery plaques, and there is a linear dose-response relationship between HDL-C, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine, total protein and the risk of carotid artery plaque.