To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected cases among farmers in Guizhou Province and provide a scientific basis for formulating AIDS prevention and control strategies.

The data of AIDS cases reported among farmers in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2022 were selected from the Chinese AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics, and a linear regression model was constructed with the year as the independent variable and the number of cases as the dependent variable to analyze the changing trend.

From 2010 to 2022, 47 811 HIV/AIDS cases were reported among farmers in Guizhou Province, accounting for 60.40% of the total number of cases. The number of reported cases showed an upward trend (AAPC=23.10%). The male-to-female ratio of the cases was 2:1. The majority of the cases were over 50 years old (56.55%),and the number of cases in each age group showed an overall upward trend. The main mode of transmission was heterosexual transmission (97.74%), and non-commercial heterosexual intercourse was the main mode for both males (49.01%) and females (61.50%). The samples were mainly sourced from medical institution tests (76.56%), and the proportion of late detection was 74.97%.

From 2010 to 2022, the number of reported HIV/AIDS cases among farmers in Guizhou Province showed an upward trend. The cases were mainly elderly, with a high proportion of late detection, relatively low educational levels, and heterosexual contact was the main mode of transmission, mainly non-commercial heterosexual intercourse. Attention should be paid to the HIV epidemic among farmers, and AIDS prevention and control strategies targeting farmers need to be explored according to the characteristics of this population.

To investigate the relationship between body roundness index (BRI) and sleep disorders.

Adults aged 20 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2018 were selected as the research subjects. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between BRI and sleep disorders.Finally, subgroup analysis was performed to explore the association between BRI and sleep disorders in the population.

A total of 6 891 eligible participants were included in the study. After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant association between BRI and sleep disorders (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14, P=0.022). Subgroup analysis showed that BRI was significantly associated with sleep disorders in the population under 60 years old (OR=1.12), and the association was more significant among those who had never been married (OR=1.19), patients with hypertension (OR=1.12), and patients with diabetes (OR=1.18). Multiple imputation analysis confirmed the robustness of the results.

A higher BRI is positively correlated with sleep disorders. This result supplements the existing research, but large-scale prospective cohort studies are still needed for verification.

To evaluate the clinical value of maternal liver function indicators combined with umbilical artery blood flow parameters in diagnosing fetal growth restriction (FGR).

This study employed a case-control design, including pregnant women who underwent prenatal examinations and delivered at Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University from December 2017 to July 2022. The case group consisted of 172 pregnant women clinically diagnosed with FGR, while the control group included 292 pregnant women with normal pregnancies who were examined at the same hospital during the same period. Maternal late-pregnancy liver function indicators and umbilical artery blood flow parameters were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association of these indicators with the risk of FGR. The performance of each indicator and the combined model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, net reclassification improvement index, and integrated discrimination improvement index.

In this study, pregnant women in the FGR group had significantly higher levels of ALT, ALB, and S/D ratio of umbilical artery blood flow compared to the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that ALT (OR=1.744, 95%CI: 1.332-2.283), ALB (OR=1.290, 95%CI: 1.002-1.661), and S/D ratio (OR=1.778,95%CI: 1.324-2.387) were significant risk factors for FGR, and the combined model of these three indicators exhibited high diagnostic value for fetal growth restriction.

Maternal liver function indicators (ALT, ALB) and umbilical artery blood flow parameters (S/D ratio) are associated with the risk of FGR, and the combined analysis of these factors can significantly enhance the diagnostic efficiency for FGR.

To analyze the research development trends of telemedicine applications in cardiovascular disease management in low- and middle-income countries based on bibliometric methods.

Research articles related to the application of telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management within middle-and low-income countries were retrieved from the Web of Science database, covering the period from January 1, 1998, to April 30, 2024. Using Excel, VOS viewer, and R software, we analyzed and visualized annual publication volume, regional research intensity, keywords, country citations, and conducted regional disparity and research topic analyses.

A total of 514 articles were included in the study. The number of publications on telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management in low- and middle-income countries showed an upward trend from 1998 to 2023, particularly experiencing rapid growth since 2012. China (21%), the United States (13%), and India (11%) ranked as the top three countries in terms of research output. Among 134 low- and middle-income countries, 57(43%) reported the application of telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management, with the highest research output from China, India, Brazil, Iran, and Bangladesh. The research primarily focused on upper-middle-income (50.3%) and lower-middle-income countries (40.9%). The technological applications were concentrated in disease risk factor control, screening, and diagnosis, covering all stages of prevention. The most commonly used tools included mobile applications and wearable electrocardiogram devices, which have increasingly incorporated machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence technologies in recent years. The target users of these technologies included the general public, patients, and healthcare service providers.

The volume of literature on telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management in low- and middle-income countries continues to grow, integrating into the entire management process of cardiovascular diseases in these regions.However, challenges such as the digital divide due to regional development disparities persist. There is an urgent need to promote the implementation of technology support and economic incentive policies, particularly in African countries, to establish an efficient, safe, and convenient digital cardiovascular disease management system.

To analyze the malaria disease burden and trends in China from 1990 to 2021, providing a feasibility basis for malaria prevention and control strategies in the context of globalization.

Based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2021) study data, we obtained malaria prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY),and their age-standardized rates in China from 1990 to 2021. The Join point model was used to analyze the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in malaria disease over the years.

In 1990, there were in total 292 387 malaria cases, 787 611 prevalent cases, and 997 deaths in all age groups in China, with an absolute number of DALY of 64 233. The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates were 24.48/100 000, 66.10/100 000, 0.08/100 000, and 5.18/100 000, respectively. All age-standardized rates showed a significant downward trend from 1990 to 2021 (AAPC=-61.90%,-68.77%, -51.36%, and -66.25%, all P < 0.05). From 1990 to 2021, the number of cases, prevalence, and deaths among males were consistently higher than those among females, although the absolute number of DALY gradually fell below that of females over the years. In 1990, the highest malaria incidence was observed in the 15 to 49 age group (29.06/100 000), while the lowest was in the under-5 age group (9.08/100 000). The highest prevalence occurred in the 5 to 14 age group (89.90/100 000), and the lowest in those aged 70 and above (59.17/100 000). The mortality rate was highest in those aged 70 and above (0.09/100 000) and lowest in the under-5 age group (0.05/100 000), with a 100.00% reduction in all age group indicators from 1990 to 2021.

China has made significant achievements in malaria prevention and control, but attention must still be given to monitoring malaria in males and the elderly. Strengthening surveillance of imported cases is essential to prevent re- ransmission while improving domestic control efforts.

To understand the species composition, density, seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes and the virus-carrying situation in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023, and to provide a reference for reducing mosquito density and controlling mosquito-borne diseases.

According to the “Monitoring Work Plan for Vector Control in Tianjin”, from April to November each year, the number of adult mosquitoes was monitored in 16 districts of Tianjin using the mosquito-attracting lamp method. Habitats such as residential areas, parks, hospitals, livestock sheds, and rural households were selected as monitoring sites. In addition, from June to October, adult mosquitoes or mosquito larvae were captured using methods such as the mosquito-attracting lamp method and the mosquito-and-egg trap method. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology was used to detect the presence of Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus in the samples.

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 12 641 mosquito-attracting lamps were deployed in Tianjin, and 54 870 female mosquitoes were captured, with an average mosquito density of 0.72 mosquitoes/(lamp·h). Among them, 52 569 were Culex pipiens pollens (accounting for 95.81%),followed by 1 402 Aedes albopictus (accounting for 2.56%). From 2019 to 2023, the overall mosquito density showed a downward trend. The mosquito density was the highest in July each year, showing a single-peak distribution. Among different habitats, the mosquito density was the highest in livestock sheds, reaching 1.45 mosquitoes/(lamp·h), followed by rural households at 0.96 mosquitoes/(lamp·h), and the lowest in hospitals at 0.42 mosquitoes/(lamp·h). Culex pipiens pollens was the dominant mosquito species in all habitats. Neither Japanese encephalitis virus nor dengue virus was detected in Culex pipiens pollens or Aedes albopictus.

The dominant mosquito species in Tianjin is Culex pipiens pollens, and the key period for mosquito density control is from June to September. Priority should be given to improving the environmental conditions of livestock sheds, and targeted mosquito- vector control strategies should be implemented according to the mosquito population distribution, density changes, and seasonal fluctuation patterns.

To explore the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic and the prevention and control measures on the epidemic trend of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Bao’an District, Shenzhen.

Based on the incidence data of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Bao’an District, Shenzhen from 2014 to 2019 (pre-pandemic) and from 2020 to 2022 (pandemic and “Class A Infectious Disease Management for Class B Infectious Diseases” period), counterfactual models were established respectively using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to predict the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in 2020 to 2023 and 2023 (continuous epidemic and “Class B Infectious Disease Management” stage), followed by comparison with the actual incidence.

Compared with the predicted results, the actual incidence scale of hand, foot, and mouth disease from 2020 to 2022 decreased by 45.29% to 85.71%, and the characteristics of time distribution changed. The incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease rebounded rapidly in 2023, and the annual incidence scale increased by 125.73% compared with the predicted value based on the “Class A Infectious Disease Management for Class B Infectious Diseases” period, but was lower than the predicted value based on the data before the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic and prevention and control measures significantly affected the epidemic trend of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Bao’an District, Shenzhen, reducing the incidence in the short term, but the lack of immune stimulation in the long term may lead to an increase in the incidence. It is recommended to continuously monitor the epidemic trend of hand, foot, and mouth disease, and especially strengthen vaccination when prevention and control measures are relaxed to protect public health.

To investigate the impact of different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness on the occurrence of stroke.

This study was based on the Kailun cohort study, which included a total of 37 547 participants, followed up until December 31, 2019.Cardiorespiratory fitness (Estimated cardiorespiratory fitness, eCRF) was estimated using a non-exercise algorithm, and the average eCRF values from measurements taken in 2006, 2008, and 2010 were calculated, standardized, and grouped according to gender-specific tertiles. Cox regression models were employed to explore the relationship between varying levels of eCRF and the incidence of stroke and its subtypes.

During a median follow-up of 9.05 (8.67, 9.33) years, a total of 2 100 cases of stroke (5.59%) were observed, including 1 899 (5.06%) ischemic strokes and 226 (0.60%) hemorrhagic strokes. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to the low average eCRF group, the high eCRF group exhibited a 28% reduction in stroke risk (HR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.62-0.82), a 23% reduction in ischemic stroke risk (HR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.67-0.89), and a 40% reduction in hemorrhagic stroke risk (HR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.39-0.91).

Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness can reduce the risk of stroke and its subtypes.

To explore the latent categories of cognitive function in older adults and their influencing factors.

Data from the 2020 CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) were used, including 4 606 participants aged 60 years and above. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify the latent categories of cognitive function, and multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were conducted to examine the influencing factors.

Cognitive function in older adults was classified into four categories: “Low Cognitive Function-Low Attention Group” (21%), “Moderate Cognitive Function-Balanced Group” (18.6%), “High Cognitive Function-High Attention Group” (47.7%), and “Low Cognitive Function-High Visuospatial Ability Group” (12.7%). Protective factors for the “High Cognitive Function-High Attention Group” included age <70 years, higher education level, male gender, internet use, non-smoking, and absence of depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Age exhibited a non-linear dose-response relationship with the risk of belonging to the “Low Cognitive Function-Low Attention Group” (P _overalltrend <0.001, P _{non-linearity} <0.001), “Moderate Cognitive Function-Balanced Group” (P _overalltrend =0.016, P non-linearity =0.006), and “Low Cognitive Function-High Visuospatial Ability Group” (P_overalltrend =0.007, P_{non-linearity} =0.004).

Cognitive function in older adults demonstrates distinct categorical characteristics, suggesting that healthcare professionals should develop targeted and personalized intervention strategies based on these categories and their influencing factors to prevent and delay cognitive impairment.