To investigate the correlation between the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) based on samples from a public database in the United States.

Data on demographic characteristics and laboratory indicators of participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2009 to 2018 were collected, along with mortality data from the National Death Index as of December 31, 2019. A weighted Cox regression model, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explore and visualize the correlation between Log₂PLR values and cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly DM patients. The accuracy of Log₂PLR in predicting survival outcomes was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

A total of 1 323 elderly DM patients were included in this study, with an average follow-up of 4.86 years. Ninety-one patients died from cardiovascular disease, resulting in a mortality rate of 6.88%. Both univariate and adjusted Cox regression model results indicated that a high Log₂PLR (≥7.08) was associated with cardiovascular disease mortality (HR1=2.71, 95%CI: 1.61-4.56; aHR3=2.75, 95%CI: 1.60-4.72). RCS analysis showed a linear positive correlation between Log₂PLR and cardiovascular mortality (P_non-linear=0.141). There were no significant interactions between age, sex, BMI,history of hypertension, ethnicity, education level, and Log₂PLR (P>0.05). The ROC curve demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for Log₂PLR predicting cardiovascular disease mortality at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years were 0.68, 0.69, 0.67, and 0.63,respectively. When combined with age, the AUC for predicting cardiovascular disease mortality at these time points was greater than 0.70.

PLR is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly DM patients and has certain predictive value regarding the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease.

To explore the current situation and influencing factors of depression among middle-aged and elderly people in China through the analysis of the 2020 survey data of CHARLS, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of depression among middle-aged and elderly people.

First, 13 124 middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 to 74 with complete information were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Second, the research subjects were divided according to the scores of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10). Then, the Lasso model was used to screen the influencing factors. Finally, a logistic prediction model for depressive symptoms in the elderly was constructed and the prediction effect was evaluated.

Among the 13 124 research subjects, 4 877 had depressive symptoms, with a detection rate of 37.16% (95%CI: 36.33%-37.99%). The LASSO results showed that when the lambda (λ) value was 0.008 595 583, the error was the smallest, and 15 influencing factors were screened out: gender, marital status, type of residence, educational level (junior high school, high school and above), region (central region, western region), drinking status, nighttime sleep duration (h) (>6-7, >7), whether there were social activities in the past month, Internet use, whether often uncomfortable due to pain, number of chronic diseases: ≥ 2, physical activity (Met*min/week): 600-3 000. The logistic regression prediction model showed that female gender, other marital statuses, region (central region, western region), often being uncomfortable due to pain, and number of chronic diseases: ≥ 2 were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people (P < 0.05); educational level (junior high school, high school and above), drinking, nighttime sleep duration (h) (>6-7, >7), having social activities in the past month, and Internet use were protective factors for depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.743(95%CI: 0.735-0.752).

The detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly people is relatively high and is affected by multiple factors. It is recommended to consider preventive measures from multiple aspects and perspectives.

To explore a suitable research design for evaluating the long-term effects of vaccines, taking into account the heterogeneity caused by individual susceptibility, vaccination status, vaccination timing, and the confounding effects of healthcare-seeking behavior.

This study employed a Monte Carlo simulation method to extend the Test-Negative Design (TND),considering constant vaccine efficacy and two types of time-dependent vaccine efficacy under a fixed study duration model. A multivariable logistic regression model and a semi-parametric generalized additive model based on restricted cubic splines were constructed to evaluate the long-term effects of vaccines.

When only considering changes in vaccine efficacy, the estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) curves from both models accurately fit the actual decay trend of VE, being only slightly higher than the true VE (approximately 1%-3%). The VE curves were minimally affected by vaccination rates, the mean probability of influenza-like illness in the entire population, and the probability of influenza-like illness in the vaccinated population.

The extended TND under a fixed study duration model provides a feasible new approach for evaluating long-term vaccine effectiveness, with the potential for application to other types of vaccines. Both models demonstrated good fitting performance over time with no significant differences. However, further exploration is needed to comprehensively consider other heterogeneous influencing factors and to conduct simulation experiments with the extended TND after group assignment.

To investigate the hepatotoxic effects and mechanisms of glyphosate using metabolomics approaches.

Forty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control, low-dose (50 mg/kg·d), medium-dose (250 mg/kg·d),and high-dose (500 mg/kg·d) groups, with glyphosate administered orally for 30 days. The liver organ coefficients, pathological changes, and liver function parameters were measured. UPLC-MS was employed to analyze the liver metabolic profiles, and multivariate statistical methods were utilized to identify differential metabolites, followed by enrichment analysis based on the KEGG platform.

Compared to the control group, mice exposed to medium and/or high doses of glyphosate exhibited varying degrees of edema and inflammation in liver cells, along with significantly elevated serum levels of ALT, TBILI, DBILI,and GLU. Glyphosate exposure reduced the levels of nucleotide metabolites such as hypoxanthine, xanthine, and pyrimidine, as well as cellular membrane components like choline, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingosine. It also decreased the levels of vitamins such as thiamine and retinal, and amino acid metabolites including Hom vanillic acid and 4-aminobutyraldehyde.Conversely, it increased the levels of carbohydrate metabolites such as glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1-phosphate, and ribose-1-phosphate. Furthermore, liver function indicators ALT, TBILI, and DBILI were correlated with the aforementioned metabolites.

Glyphosate exposure can damage the structure and function of liver cells in mice by affecting nucleotide metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and vitamin metabolism.

To explore the distribution characteristics of body composition and the current nutritional status of middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan.

In this study, people aged 45 to 79 years who participated in the “Natural Population Cohort of West China Hospital, Sichuan University” in Mianzhu city, Longquanyi District and Pixian District of Chengdu city, Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2021 were selected as the research subjects. The body composition was detected by bioelectrical impedance method, and the body composition characteristics and the current situation of overweight and obesity in this population were analyzed.

Fat-related indicators such as visceral fat area and body fat percentage (BFP) were positively correlated with age, and the values in women were significantly higher than those in men (all P < 0.001). Muscle-related indicators such as fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass index was negatively correlated with age, and the values in men were higher than those in women (allP < 0.001). According to BMI, the overweight and obesity rates in men were 44.32% and 13.05% respectively; the overweight and obesity rates in women were 39.45% and 12.84% respectively. According to BFP, the overweight and obesity rates in men were 16.50% and 70.95% respectively; the overweight and obesity rates in women were 20.87% and 63% respectively. The prevalence of hidden obesity in middle-aged and elderly people was 17.29%. A total of 7 muscle-fat types were detected in the population. Among them, the type of overweight and/or excessive body fat combined with sarcopenia accounted for 25.06% in men and 20.81% in women, and both increased with age.

The proportion of body-fat-type obesity in middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan is too high. In the future, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the three aspects of BMI, body fat and muscle A total of 7 muscle-fat types were detected in the population.

To preliminarily evaluate the effects of three online intervention models— “Health Education,”“Subsidy,” and “Relay Vaccination”—on HPV vaccination rates among female adolescents aged 15 to 18 in China, as well as the willingness of guardians to delay vaccination and their confidence in vaccines.

Eight secondary schools in Chengdu and Nanjing were recruited using convenience sampling and divided into three groups: “Health Education” (health education video + postcards), “Subsidy” (financial assistance), and “Relay Vaccination” (health education video + postcards +financial assistance). The study subjects were high school girls aged 15 to 18 who had not yet received the HPV vaccine and one guardian per participant. The primary outcome was the rate of first HPV vaccination among high school girls within one-month post-intervention; secondary outcomes included changes in guardians’ willingness to delay vaccination and their confidence in vaccines before and after the intervention.

A total of 238 pairs of participants were included. Within one-month post-intervention, the vaccination rates were 43.9% for the “Relay Vaccination” group, 43.1% for the “Subsidy” group, and 16.7%for the“Health Education” group. The willingness to delay vaccination significantly decreased in the “Relay Vaccination”group (57.89% vs. 46.49%, P=0.004) and the “Health Education” group (50.00% vs. 33.33%, P=0.001), while there was no significant change in the “Subsidy” group (51.72% vs. 48.28%, P=0.688). Prior to the intervention, guardians in all three groups had high confidence in vaccines, and no statistically significant changes were observed post-intervention (P>0.05).

The “Relay Vaccination” and “Subsidy” groups exhibited superior effects on increasing vaccination rates compared to the“Health Education” group. The health education information included in the intervention strategies helped reduce the willingness to delay vaccination. The study conclusions require further validation with a larger sample size.

To study the accessibility of childcare institutions in Hangzhou and provide references for the optimal allocation of childcare service resources in Hangzhou and the layout of childcare resources in other similar areas.

Using the information of childcare institutions in Hangzhou as of July 2024, which was published on the official website and mini-program of the Health Commission of Hangzhou, the network analysis tool in ArcGIS 10.8 software was used to calculate the spatial accessibility of childcare institutions according to the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method.

The ratio of the number of childcare institutions per unit area between the northeast and southwest regions of Hangzhou was 31.38. Overall, there was a distribution pattern with more resources in the northeast and fewer in the southwest. The accessibility of inclusive childcare institutions in the northeast generally showed a state of being low in the central urban area and high in the surrounding urban areas, which was different from the distribution of the number of childcare institutions. The accessibility of non-inclusive childcare institutions was basically consistent with the distribution of the number of childcare institutions. In the five southwestern districts and counties, the areas with high accessibility of inclusive childcare institutions were relatively concentrated near the locations of the district and county governments, and the accessibility in some areas was in the high-value zone. Non-inclusive childcare institutions were only distributed in individual districts and counties close to the northeast urban area.

Attention should be paid to the resource supply of inclusive childcare institutions in some areas of the northeast central urban area with a large population density.Meanwhile, the childcare needs of the five southwestern districts and counties and the less-populated areas in the northeast should not be ignored. Comprehensive measures should be taken to promote the provision and utilization of childcare services.

To explore the causal relationship between six dietary-derived antioxidants and telomere length through a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

The research utilized genome-wide association data concerning vitamin C,vitamin E, vitamin D, carotenoids, retinol, urate, and telomere length. Various sensitivity analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted median method, weighted model, MR-lap, and MR-PRESSO. The effectiveness of genetic instruments was assessed using F-statistics, Q-statistics, and the MR-Egger intercept test.

The IVW method indicated a negative correlation between urate levels and telomere length (β_IVW: -0.050; 95%CI: -0.070 to -0.031; P_IVW=4.93×10^-7), a finding supported by the other three sensitivity analyses. Additionally, after removing outlier SNPs using MR-PRESSO, the results remained robust (P=2.28×10^-7). No statistically significant causal effects were observed for the other five dietary-derived antioxidants concerning telomere length.

There exists a causal relationship between serum urate levels and telomere length.

To explore the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic and the prevention and control measures on the epidemic trend of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Bao’an District, Shenzhen.

Based on the incidence data of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Bao’an District, Shenzhen from 2014 to 2019 (pre-pandemic) and from 2020 to 2022 (pandemic and “Class A Infectious Disease Management for Class B Infectious Diseases” period), counterfactual models were established respectively using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to predict the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in 2020 to 2023 and 2023 (continuous epidemic and “Class B Infectious Disease Management” stage), followed by comparison with the actual incidence.

Compared with the predicted results, the actual incidence scale of hand, foot, and mouth disease from 2020 to 2022 decreased by 45.29% to 85.71%, and the characteristics of time distribution changed. The incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease rebounded rapidly in 2023, and the annual incidence scale increased by 125.73% compared with the predicted value based on the “Class A Infectious Disease Management for Class B Infectious Diseases” period, but was lower than the predicted value based on the data before the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic and prevention and control measures significantly affected the epidemic trend of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Bao’an District, Shenzhen, reducing the incidence in the short term, but the lack of immune stimulation in the long term may lead to an increase in the incidence. It is recommended to continuously monitor the epidemic trend of hand, foot, and mouth disease, and especially strengthen vaccination when prevention and control measures are relaxed to protect public health.