To explore the influence of depressive symptoms on the occurrence risk of Cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to inform prevention strategies for the middle-aged and elderly in China.

Data were available from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), in which participants free of CVD were followed from baseline (2011) to 2020. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) was employed to evaluate depressive indications. Incident CVD events were defined according to the response by participants who reported a history of physician-diagnosed CVD in the follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to assess the effect of depressive symptoms on the risk of cardiovascular events.

During the 9-year follow-up, a total of 1 799 incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events were recorded. Participants with depressive symptoms exhibited a significantly higher incidence of CVD compared to those without depressive symptoms (HR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.21-1.47). When compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) of depressive symptom scores, the hazard ratios for CVD incidence were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.09-1.43) for the Q3 group and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.39-1.82) for the Q4 group.

Depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease incidence in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, and this association is independent of other potential confounding factors. A higher severity of depressive symptoms is associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease events.

To identify oxidative stress (OS)- and immune-related biomarkers and their therapeutic targets in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The development of DN is closely associated with chronic inflammation, which exhibits complex interactions between OS and immune-metabolic alterations, collectively driving disease progression.

Download the GSE142153 dataset and evaluate immune cell infiltration in its samples. Simultaneously perform differential analysis on this dataset, intersecting the resulting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with overall survival-related genes (OSRGs) to identify OS-related differentially expressed genes (DE-OSRGs) in the DN process. Functional enrichment analysis clarified the biological roles of DE-OSRGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and core DE-OSRGs were selected using the MCC algorithm in the cytoHubba plugin. After validating their reliability via ROC diagnostic curves, target miRNAs of DE-OSRGs were cross-analyzed with DN-related microRNAs to identify miR-150-5p, with binding sites subsequently validated. Finally, the expression of core DE-OSRGs and the mechanism of action of their target miRNAs were validated using a rat DN model.

Bioinformatics analysis identified TLR7 as the core DE-OSRG, and combined with target miRNA prediction, miR-150-5p was determined as the primary focus of this study. Animal experiments demonstrated that miR-150-5p agomir significantly downregulated TLR7 and NF-κB p65 expression (P<0.05), reduced the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress (P<0.05), and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P<0.05). Furthermore, miR-150-5p suppressed secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (P<0.05), mitigated immune cell infiltration, and improved renal pathological damage.

By down-regulating TLR7 and modulating the NF-κB pathway, miR-150-5p attenuates OS injury and inflammation in DN, thereby improving renal function and offering a promising therapeutic target.

To evaluate the effect of a comprehensive intervention program for individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in this region.

Data from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Cardiovascular Disease High-Risk Population Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project (2015—2024) were used to identify 3 354 high-risk individuals. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, these participants received comprehensive interventions over a 10-year period. Changes in lipid profiles, blood glucose, and blood pressure levels before and after the intervention were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of the program.

After 10 years of comprehensive intervention, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels decreased (t=23.477, t=18.013), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels increased (t=-4.096, t=-9.154). Fasting blood glucose levels also increased (t=-14.725). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased from 160.16±22.76 mmHg and 93.10±12.75 mmHg to 140.98±18.65 mmHg and 84.89±10.94 mmHg, respectively (t=49.481, t=38.451). All these changes were statistically significant (P<0.001). Analysis of intervention effects showed that the rates of dyslipidemia and abnormal blood pressure decreased (χ²=23.369, P<0.001; χ²=359.194, P<0.001), while the rate of abnormal blood glucose increased (χ²=357.752, P<0.001), with all differences being statistically significant.

The implementation of comprehensive interventions for populations at high risk of cardiovascular disease in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is beneficial in reducing the prevalence of dyslipidemia and hypertension, highlighting its public health significance. However, close monitoring of triglyceride (TG) and fasting blood glucose levels is necessary, and further research is needed to explore their impact on cardiovascular disease.

To evaluate the outbreak investigation ability of epidemiological investigators in Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in Tianjin, to explore the influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for enhancing their competency.

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 874 epidemiological investigators across Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in Tianjin from May to June 2024. The respondents conducted self-assessment of individual outbreak investigation ability according to their actual situation. The outbreak investigation ability of epidemiological investigators and their main influencing factors were conducted through single factor analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis.

The total score M of outbreak investigation ability of epidemiological investigators in Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in Tianjin was 60.00 points. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of the outbreak investigation ability score were: Age (aged 41-50: β=-5.060), Educational background (bachelor’s degree: β=6.685; postgraduate degree:β=11.336), No experience in infectious disease-related work (β=-2.519), No participation in on-site epidemiological training (β=-2.500), No participation in the outbreak investigation and disposal (β=-3.694), The number of case epidemiological investigations (>50 times: β=3.721), The number of trend analysis evaluations (1-5 times: β=9.903, 6-20 times: β=10.369, 21-50 times: β=8.401, >50 times: β=19.484), The number of completed epidemiological investigation reports (1-5 times: β=5.716, >5 times: β=5.058) (all P<0.05).

The main influencing factors include experience in handling epidemic outbreaks, the number of practical operations of epidemiological investigation core skills, systematic training, educational background, and age. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize practical training and drill mechanisms, and conduct outbreak investigation ability training at different levels for personnel of various age and educational background, to enhance the comprehensive handling ability of epidemiological investigators.

To understand the detection situation and epidemiological characteristics of human bocavirus (HBoV) in influenza-like cases in Guizhou Province in 2024, and analyze the molecular typing characteristics of its VP1 gene.

10 823 throat swab samples of influenza-like cases in Guizhou Province in 2024 were collected.Usingthe multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method, common respiratory pathogens were analyzed, and the detection rates across different genders, ages, and seasons were described. Qualified HBoV-positive samples were screened for VP1 gene sequencing. Genotype using BLAST and MEGA 11, and constructing a phylogenetic tree using the adjacency method.

A total of 97 cases of HBoV were detected, with a detection rate of 0.90%. Among them, 44 cases were mixed infections, with a detection rate of 0.41% (44/10 823), and rhinovirus (HRV) was the main pathogen of mixed infections. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of HBoV among different genders (χ²=2.732, P=0.098) and seasons (χ²=5.989, P=0.112). There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate among different age groups (χ²=92.019, P<0.001), with the 0-4 age group having the highest detection rate, which was significantly different from the detection rates of the other three age groups. A total of 25 VP1 gene sequences of HBoV were obtained, all of which are HBoV1 type, including three evolutionary branches: 1b (17 strains), 1a (7 strains), and 1e (1 strain).

In the influenza-like cases in Guizhou Province in 2024, HBoV is at a low level of prevalence, all of which are HBoV1 type, with 1b as the main epidemic strain. The main infected population is 0-4 years old, and the monitoring of HBoV in young age groups should be continuously strengthened.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Yangzhou from 2018 to 2024 and to evaluate the impact of incorporating a two-dose varicella vaccination schedule into the immunization program on the reported incidence among preschool children.

Monthly incidence data of varicella among children aged 1-6 years and vaccination data were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Jiangsu Provincial Comprehensive Service Management Information System for Vaccination, respectively. The study described the varicella vaccination coverage in Yangzhou from 2018 to 2024 and employed an interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the impact of immunization strategies on the reported incidence of varicella among preschool-aged children.

During the 2018-2024 period, the average annual reported incidence of varicella among preschool children in Yangzhou was 867.87 per 100 000. Following the implementation of the varicella immunization strategy, vaccination coverage rose substantially in the target population, with the average annual incidence significantly declining from 1 148.33 per 100 000 to 166.75 per 100 000 (χ²=2 272.2, P<0.001). Interrupted time series analysis revealed that after the introduction of the free two-dose varicella vaccination policy, the level change in the monthly reported incidence was -94.41 per 100 000 (P<0.001), indicating a significant immediate reduction. Furthermore, the previous upward trend in incidence was reversed, with a slope change of -3.95 per 100 000 per month (P=0.023).

The implemented varicella immunization strategy significantly increased vaccination coverage and effectively reduced the incidence and disease burden of varicella among preschool children.

To analyze trends in the disease burden of pressure injuries in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 and to project future patterns for 2022-2036.

Data on incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and their age-standardized rates for populations aged 0-95 years and above in China and worldwide were obtained from the GBD 2021 dataset released on May 16, 2024. Descriptive analyses were conducted to summarize the disease burden. Temporal trends were assessed using Join point regression. A decomposition analysis was applied to quantify the contributions of population growth, population aging, and epidemiological changes to variations in disease burden. Future trends were projected using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model.

From 1990 to 2021, the numbers of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs attributable to pressure injuries increased both in China and globally. In China, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) showed upward trends, whereas global rates generally declined. The increase was more pronounced among males than females in China. Age-specific analyses indicated that incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates increased with age in 2021. According to the average annual percent change (AAPC), China’s ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR exhibited an overall rising trend. Projections using the BAPC model suggest that these age-standardized rates in China will continue to increase in the coming years.

The disease burden of pressure injuries in China has increased over the past three decades, with a greater rise observed among males. The burden increases progressively with age. Future projections indicate a continued upward trend, highlighting the need for effective prevention and management strategies to mitigate the disease burden and improve patient outcomes.

This study aimed to analyze the changes in multimorbidity of eight common chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, hyperlipidemia, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma among rural residents in Yunnan Province between 2014 and 2024.

A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to select 9 886 and 10 012 permanent residents aged ≥35 years in rural Yunnan in 2014 and 2024, respectively. Face-to-face questionnaire surveys and physical examinations were conducted for each participant. Association rule mining (ARM) based on the Apriori algorithm was applied to identify patterns of NCDs multimorbidity.

In 2024, the prevalence of multimorbidity involving eight NCDs was 24.4%. The prevalence of multimorbidity was higher among illiterate individuals than among those with primary school education or above (χ²=7.951),higher among those with higher annual per capita household income than among those with lower income (χ²=27.653), and higher among those with good access to medical services than among those with poor access (χ²=12.160) (all P<0.05). The prevalence of NCDs multimorbidity increased with age and level of socioeconomic position (SEP) (, , P<0.001). Compared to 2014, the age-standardized prevalence of NCDs multimorbidity was increased in 2024 (22.8%vs 14.5%, χ²=225.436, P<0.001), and was also observed among subgroups categorized by gender (male: χ²=123.835;female: χ²=101.711), age (35-44: χ²=54.919; 45-54: χ²=42.635; 55-64: χ²=64.961; 65-74: χ²=47.197; ≥75: χ²=23.344), education level(illiterate: χ²=62.723; primary school or above: χ²=153.712), income (low: χ²=70.620; high: χ²=142.048), access to medical services (poor: χ²=51.375; good: χ²=167.027), and SEP (low: χ²=53.353; middle: χ²=33.151; high: χ²=132.913) (P<0.001). The average number of NCDs among multimorbid patients increased from 2.34 in 2014 to 2.40 in 2024, and was also observed among female patients, illiterate patients, and patients with poor access to medical services. A total of 8 and 13 association rules were identified in 2014 and 2024, respectively. Compared with 2014, two new binary multimorbidity patterns (diabetes + CHD,obesity + dyslipidemia) and four new ternary multimorbidity patterns (diabetes + hypertension + dyslipidemia, diabetes +hypertension + CHD, diabetes + hypertension + obesity, hypertension + dyslipidemia + obesity) have been identified in 2024.

Both the prevalence of multimorbidity and the number of NCDs in multimorbid patients have increased in rural Yunnan Province, and multimorbidity patterns were becoming increasingly complex and diverse. Targeted NCDs management strategies should be tailored according to the epidemiologic profiles of multimorbidity to improve prevention and control of NCDs.

This study aims to explore the association between the hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM).

A total of 16 392 participants from the 2001—2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) database were selected for this study. Logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic splin (RCS) analysis were applied to investigate the relationship between HRR and DM.

The mean HRR among the included participants was 0.27±0.98, with diabetic patients showing significantly lower HRR compared to the control group (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that when HRR was modeled as a continuous variable, for each standard deviation increase in HRR, the risk of DM decreased by 11% (OR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95). When HRR was treated as a categorical variable based on quartiles, the highest fourth quartile(Q4) consistently showed a significant reduction in DM risk compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) across all three models (OR<1). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that increased HRR was associated with a reduced risk of DM in most subgroups, with most P-values<0.05. The dose-response analysis indicated a linear negative correlation between HRR and the risk of DM(P-nonlinear=0.395).

HRR is associated with the risk of DM, and higher HRR levels are protective against the development of diabetes.