To investigate whether resveratrol has a protective effect against reproductive toxicity induced by nano titanium dioxide (Nano-TiO₂) in male mice.

A total of 50 healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into the control group, Nano-TiO₂ group, and mixed groups with Nano-TiO₂ plus low-, medium-, and high-dose resveratrol. After 28 days of continuous gavage, epididymal tissue was collected for semen quality measurement, and testicular tissue was used to evaluate pathological changes, testicular tissue-specific functional enzymes, and oxidative damage related indicators.

After exposure to Nano-TiO₂, the testicular and epididymal coefficients of mice decreased significantly (P<0.05), sperm density and vitality decreased significantly (P<0.05), sperm deformity rate increased significantly (P<0.05), the number of spermatogenic cells in the testicular seminiferous tubules decreased, and the Johnsen score decreased significantly (P<0.05).The activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione all decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the level of malondialdehyde increased significantly (P<0.05). After intervention with resveratrol, compared with the Nano-TiO₂ exposed group, the testicular and epididymal coefficients increased, semen quality and pathological tissue damage improved significantly (P<0.05), acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased (P<0.05), and malondialdehyde levels in testicular tissue decreased significantly, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities increased significantly (P<0.05). After correlation analysis, it was found that there was a significant correlation between antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde and the indicators of semen quality and testicular function enzymes.

Resveratrol has a protective effect against reproductive toxicity induced by Nano-TiO₂ in male mice.

This study aims to analyze the phenotypic and genotypic resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants in Salmonella isolated from fresh pork sold in Chengdu in 2021, and to investigate their regional distribution and phylogenetic relationships based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The findings provide scientific evidence for clinical treatment guidance, disinfectant selection in fresh markets, and foodborne disease prevention and control, while also supporting traceability investigations for Salmonella-related public health emergencies.

The antibacterial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from fresh pork markets across Chengdu districts was tested against 14 antibiotics and 8 disinfectants using the broth microdilution method. WGS and bioinformatics analysis were performed on 114 strains for MLST typing, antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiling, and disinfectant resistance gene (DRG) distribution. Crystal violet staining was used to assess biofilm eradication.

Resistance rates were highest for tetracycline(TET, 87.72%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(SXT, 67.54%). Significant regional variations were observed for resistance to ampicillin (AMP), ampicillin-sulbactam (AMS),cefazolin (CFZ), gentamicin (GM), ciprofloxacin (CIP), azithromycin (AZM), and SXT. High-tech Zone exhibited the highest resistance (55.95%), followed by Chenghua District (42.86%). All isolates tolerated 25% glutaraldehyde (GD), whereas the isolates were relatively susceptible to cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (CCM), and CCM could effectively disrupt Salmonella biofilms. A total of 38 ARGs spanning 10 classes were detected, with all strains carrying aac(6’)-Iaa (not phenotypically correlated), followed by tet(A) (84.21%). Significant phenotype-genotype correlations were identified for BlaTEM-1B, tet(A), floR,cmlA1, sul3, and dfrA12. The disinfectant resistance gene (DRGs) qacE was detected in 29.82% of isolates, with 83.33%concentrated in High-tech Zone. 94.12% of DRG-positive strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). ST469 was the dominant sequence type (ST), widely distributed across Chengdu.

Salmonella from pork in Chengdu exhibits widespread and high antibiotic resistance, with increasing MDR trends. In retail fresh pork markets, CCM is recommended over GD (aldehyde-based disinfectants). ST469 was the predominant sequence type, indicating a substantial risk of cross-regional transmission.

To characterize H3N8 virus contamination and molecular evolution in poultry and environmental samples from the live poultry markets associated with Hunan Province’s first human H3N8 avian influenza virus (AIV) case, providing evidence for avian influenza epidemic prevention and control.

Active surveillance for H3N8 avian influenza virus was implemented over 17 months (April 2022—December 2023) in live poultry markets associated with Hunan Province’s first human case. We collected 837 samples, including poultry oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs, feces, air, sewage, drinking water, cage swabs, and other surface swabs. Samples were screened for H3N8 nucleic acid using real-time PCR. Positive specimens underwent high-throughput sequencing. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences were analyzed by BLAST, with amino acid alignment and phylogenetic tree construction performed using BioEdit and MEGA-X, respectively.The statistical analysis method for nucleic acid test results was Fisher’s exact test.

The overall H3N8 nucleic acid positivity rate was 2.63% (22/837). The highest positivity rate (18.37%) occurred in the month of the human case (May 2022),significantly higher than in the other 16 months (χ²=49.159, P<0.001). Viral nucleic acid was detected in six sample types, with cage swabs showing the highest positivity rate (8.43%, χ²=14.437, P=0.011). Three H3N8 viruses were successfully sequenced from poultry drinking water and chicken oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs. Their HA and NA genes exhibited the highest nucleotide similarity (99.71-99.89%) to the human-origin strain (A/China/CSKFQ-22-5/2022). The HA protein cleavage site (residues 340-348) was PEKQTRGLF, and the receptor-binding site residues (242 and 244) were Q and G, indicating low pathogenicity and avian receptor-binding specificity. No neuraminidase inhibitor resistance mutations (H273Y, R291K) were detected in the NA protein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the HA and NA genes of all three viruses belonged to the Eurasian lineage and formed a distinct subclade with H3N8 viruses of human, chicken, and environmental origin from China.

The level of H3N8 virus contamination in live poultry markets shows an association with human infection cases. Enhanced surveillance of H3N8 virus contamination in these markets is warranted.

To investigate the predictive value of machine learning methods for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in non-obese populations and to analyze the risk factors for NAFLD within this group.

Data on 43 variables,including body composition, medical history, and laboratory test results, were retrospectively collected and screened from 1 517 non-obese subjects at the Physical Examination Center of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,between January 2021 and December 2024. The outcome indicator was the diagnosis of NAFLD by abdominal ultrasonography,based on which subjects were stratified into NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. Predictors were screened using univariate analysis, lasso regression, and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Seven machine learning methods including logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light hradient boosting machine(LightGBM),support vector machine(SVM), and artificial neural network(ANN), were employed to develop and validate prediction models for NAFLD in non-obese individuals. The shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was used to interpret variable contributions.

Among the 1 517 included subjects, 215 (14.2%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. Ten independent predictors were identified. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the seven prediction models on the validation set ranged from 0.876 to 0.924. The model based on XGBoost demonstrated the best discriminative ability (AUC=0.924, 95% CI: 0.895-0.949). The SHAP value-based variable importance ranking identified phase angle, the ZJU index, and UHR as the top three significant predictors.

The XGBoost model, constructed using routine physical examination data, exhibits high predictive performance for NAFLD incidence in non-obese populations. Its interpretable features facilitate the clinical prioritization of high-risk individuals.

To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with cognitive frailty (CF) in older adults, and to analyze variations in this association across different population subgroups, thereby providing a scientific basis for targeted interventions.

Guided by the health ecology theory, this study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 2 695 participants aged 60 years or older were included.MetS was diagnosed according to the Chinese Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment (2020 edition), while CF was assessed using the Frailty Phenotype (FP) combined with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the association between MetS and CF.

After adjusting for multiple factors, it was found that MetS was associated with CF (OR=1.169, 95% CI: 1.016-1.346). Component analysis showed that central obesity was independently associated with CF (OR=1.233, 95% CI: 1.057-1.416). As the number of MetS components increased, the OR for its association with CF also correspondingly increased. Subgroup analysis found a statistical interaction effect of fall history in the association between MetS and CF (P=0.02). In addition, among individuals who were unmarried, had an education level below primary school, were retired, or had depression, the strength of the association between MetS and CF was numerically higher.

MetS was significantly associated with CF, and this association was modified by factors such as fall history. These findings suggest that targeted interventions addressing MetS and its key components (e.g., central obesity) are crucial for CF prevention.

To investigate the chain mediating role of sleep duration and depressive symptoms in the relationship between chronic disease comorbidities and health-related quality of life among older adults, and to provide evidence for promoting healthy aging.

Based on data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS),a total of 6 673 older adults aged ≥60 years were included. Health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms were measured using the EQ-5D-3L and CESD-10 scales, respectively. The chain mediating effect between sleep duration and depressive symptoms was examined using Model 6 of the Process 4.1 plugin in SPSS.

The prevalence of comorbidities of chronic diseases among older adults over 60 years old was 57.9%, and comorbidities of chronic diseases were significantly negatively associated with health-related quality of life (β=-0.279, P<0.001). Sleep duration was positively correlated with health-related quality of life (β=0.035, P<0.05). Depressive symptoms were significantly negatively associated with health-related quality of life (β=-0.525, P<0.001), and the chain mediating effect of sleep duration and depressive symptoms between chronic disease comorbidity and health-related quality of life was significant (β=-0.004, 95% CI: -0.006~ -0.003). The total mediating effect and the chain mediating effect accounted for 40.1% and 4.1% of the total effect, respectively.

Sleep duration and depressive symptoms play a chain mediating role between chronic disease comorbidities and the health-related quality of life of the older adults. Paying attention to the sleep quality and mental health management of elderly patients with chronic disease comorbidities can effectively improve their quality of life and promote the process of healthy aging.

Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, this study investigates the association between the monocyte-to-albumin ratio (MAR) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)mortality among individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Using NHANES 1999—2018 data linked to mortality outcomes from the National Death Index (NDI), we conducted a study among adults with diabetes mellitus. Weighted Cox proportional-hazards regression, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, restricted cubic spline regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction tests were employed to examine the associations of the monocyte-to-albumin ratio (MAR) with all-cause and CVD mortality among individuals with diabetes mellitus.

A total of 4 558 patients with diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study. During follow-up, 1 250 all-cause deaths and 429 CVD-specific deaths were documented. MAR was categorized into tertiles. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, compared with the lowest tertile group (Q1: MAR<0.011), the highest tertile group(Q3: MAR≥0.015) exhibited significantly increased risks of both all-cause mortality (HR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.21-1.71) and CVD mortality (HR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.01-2.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that the survival probability in the highest MAR tertile was markedly lower than that in the lowest tertile, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001).

MAR is positively associated with both all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with diabetes and represents an independent risk factor for these outcomes.

To investigate the relationship between Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages and fall risk among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, providing evidence for early risk identification.

Utilising longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2015 and 2018), 7 861 participants aged 45 and older were included after excluding those with missing baseline anthropometric, blood, or key questionnaire data. CKM syndrome was staged according to the American Heart Association scientific statement. The outcome was self-reported falls within the past three years assessed in 2018. Modified Poisson regression models estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95%confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for demographics, lifestyle, physical and sensory function, cognitive and mental health,other health conditions, and the living environment. Subgroup analyses tested interactions with physical and sensory functions.

During 3 years follow-up, 1 438 (18.3%) participants reported at least one fall. At baseline, CKM Stage 2 was the most prevalent (5 241; 66.7%), followed by Stage 4 (1 746; 22.2%), Stage 3 (472; 6.0%), and Stage 1 (402; 5.1%). Compared with Stage 1, CKM Stage 3 was associated with a 32% increased risk of falls (IRR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.03-1.69). No significant interactions were observed between CKM stages and grip strength, balance, hearing, and visual function (P for interaction >0.05).

CKM syndrome staging is positively associated with fall risk in middle-aged and older adults. CKM Stage 3 may represent a critical window for fall prevention interventions.

To study the current situation and influencing factors of the core competencies for the doctor of public health in China, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the training system of the doctor of public health.

A cross-sectional study design was adopted in March 2025. Through the stratified cluster sampling method, 189 doctors of public health who were currently enrolled from 2021 to 2024 from 7 universities were selected as the research subjects in China. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare the core competencies scores of different characteristic groups, and multivariable linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.

The total score of core competencies for the doctor of public health was (84.07±10.91) points. There were statistically differences in core competencies scores across public health practitioner certificates, public health working experience, mode of study, grade, guidance method of the supervisor and frequency of communication with classmates (P<0.15). The multivariable linear regression analysis showed that public health practitioner certificates and the guidance method of the supervisor were factors influencing core competencies.

Obtaining professional qualification certification and a supervisory approach in which the supervisor participates in research projects and specifies the topic selection can enhance the core competencies of doctor of public health.There is still some room for improvement in the core competencies for the doctor of public health. Standardized and applicable training programs can be formulated to enhance the core competencies for the doctor of public health in China.

To investigate association between Body Roundness Index (BRI) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality among patients with CVD.

A total of 188 428 CVD patients from UK Biobank were included. Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to examine the association and dose-response relationship between BRI and risks of deaths. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.

Over a median follow-up of 12.75 years, 21 548 deaths occurred, including 5 367 CVD-related deaths. In multivariable Cox models, higher BRI was positively associated with risks of all-cause, CVD, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality (P for trend <0.001). Compared with the lowest quintile (Q1), participants in the highest quintile (Q5) had 32% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.26-1.38), 71% higher risk of CVD mortality (HR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.55-1.89), and 104% higher risk of IHD mortality (HR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.76-2.37); no significant association was observed for stroke mortality. RCS analyses indicated a J-shaped association of BRI with all-cause and CVD mortality. With BRI=4.45 as the threshold, relatively flat mortality risk below the threshold and a steep increase above it. BRI was positively associated with IHD mortality without clear evidence of nonlinearity, and showed no association with stroke mortality.

Among patients with CVD, BRI exhibits a J-shaped association with all-cause and CVD mortality, a positive association with IHD mortality, and no association with stroke mortality.