To explore the mortality trend and years of life lost due to bladder cancer among residents in Pudong New Area, Shanghai from 2002 to 2022.

The data were derived from the cause-of-death monitoring database of registered residents in Pudong New Area, and the demographic data were provided by the Public Security Bureau of Pudong New Area.The crude mortality rate (CMR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), potential years of life lost (PYLL), potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR), average years of life lost (AYLL), standardized potential years of life lost (SPYLL), standardized potential years of life lost rate (SPYLLR) and probability of premature death were calculated. The Join point software was used to analyze the annual percent change (APC), and the differential analysis method was used to evaluate the influence of population age-structure factors on bladder cancer mortality.

From 2002 to 2022, there were 2 244 deaths from bladder cancer among residents in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. The average annual CMR was 3.81 per 100 000, showing an upward trend (APC=2.24%, Z=4.607, P < 0.001). The average annual Chinese-standardized mortality rate was 1.77 per 100 000, showing an overall downward trend (APC=-1.54%, Z=-3.236, P=0.002). The mortality rate of bladder cancer in men was higher than that in women (Z_CMR=24.370, P < 0.001; χ²=1 143.000, P < 0.001). The mortality rate increased with age (χ²=9 324.374, P < 0.001),and the mortality rates in the 60 to >70-year-old group (APC=-3.36%, Z=-3.263, P=0.002) and the 70 to >80-year-old group (APC=-1.99%, Z=-3.229, P=0.015) decreased significantly. The PYLL due to bladder cancer death among residents in Pudong New Area was 9 120 person-years, and the AYLL was 4.06 years per person. The PYLL and AYLL in men were higher than those in women. The population age-structure factor was a risk factor for promoting bladder cancer mortality.

The mortality rate of bladder cancer increases with age, and the death burden of bladder cancer in men is heavier than that in women. Men over 60 years old should be regarded as a high-risk group. The population age-structure factor is the main reason affecting the bladder cancer mortality rate, and active measures should be taken to cope with the impact of aging. The probability of premature death in women shows an upward trend, and the prevention and control of bladder cancer in women need to be strengthened.

To investigate the ameliorative effects of ursolic acid on gut microbiota and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Eighteen C57BL/6J mice were acclimatized for one week and then randomly divided into three groups: control group (CON), high-fat diet group (HFD), and unsolid acid group (UA). The CON group was fed standard diet, the HFD group was fed high-fat diet, and the UA group received high-fat diet along with daily gastric gavage of 100 mg/kg ursolic acid. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks, during which weekly measurements of body weight and food intake were recorded. At the end of the experiment, fecal samples were collected aseptically, and blood serum was obtained after anesthesia.The liver and epididymal fat were collected post-euthanasia. Pathological observations of the liver and fat tissues were conducted using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Biochemical indices and inflammatory factor levels in serum and liver were measured using kits. The microbial diversity in the feces of C57BL/6J mice was assessed using 16S rDNA sequencing.Comparisons between groups were performed using t-tests for pairwise comparisons and one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests for multiple comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between dominant bacterial genera and inflammatory factors.

During the experiment, the body weight of the HFD group significantly increased compared to the CON group (P<0.05), while the UA group showed a significant reduction in body weight compared to the HFD group (P<0.05), with no correlation between weight change and food intake (P>0.05). Compared to the CON group, the HFD group exhibited increased serum and liver biochemical indices, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (P<0.05),along with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (P<0.05), all of which improved following UA intervention (P<0.05). Pathological observations revealed normal morphology of liver and fat tissues in the CON group, swelling of hepatocytes with numerous lipid vacuoles in the HFD group, and reduced hepatocyte size and lipid vacuoles in the UA group compared to the HFD group. The gut microbiota composition varied among groups at the phylum and genus levels, with higher relative abundances of Akkerman Sia and unclassified Muribaculaceae. Correlation analysis indicated that Akkerman Sia, unclassified Muribaculaceae, and Ligi lactobacillus were negatively correlated with serum and liver TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05), while Olsen Ella showed a positive correlation with TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05).

A high-fat diet promotes obesity by inducing dysbiosis and elevating inflammatory factor levels in mice. Ursolic acid intervention can regulate gut microbiota and inflammatory responses, thereby improving obesity.

To investigate whether sub chronic exposure to Benz[a]pyrene (BaP) induces ferroptosis in mouse hepatocytes, leading to liver injury, thereby providing a basis for further study of the hepatic toxicity mechanisms of BaP.

Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice aged three weeks were randomly divided into six groups: control group (corn oil),low-dose BaP group (2.5 mg/kg), medium-dose BaP group (5 mg/kg), high-dose BaP group (10 mg/kg), ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 group (3-amino-4-cyclohexylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, 1 mg/kg), and high-dose BaP + Fer-1 group (10 mg/kg + 1 mg/kg). BaP was administered via gastric gavage dissolved in corn oil, and Fer-1 was injected intraperitoneally every other day for 90 days. Hepatic structure and collagen fiber deposition were observed using HE and Masson staining, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in mouse liver tissues, as well as tissue iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) content, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, were measured using kits. Western blotting was employed to detect the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) in mouse liver tissues.

Compared to the control group, the high-dose BaP group exhibited a decrease in body weight (t=4.921, P=0.006) and a reduction in liver coefficient in both medium and high-dose BaP groups (t _medium=4.967, P<0.05; t _high=6.568, P=0.001). The ALT and AST levels in liver tissues of BaP-treated mice were elevated (F _ALT=218.200, P<0.001; F _AST=421.200, P<0.001). HE staining revealed varying degrees of hepatocyte disarray, sinusoidal dilation, congestion, and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of BaP-treated mice, while Masson staining indicated collagen fiber deposition. Iron content in the liver tissues of BaP-treated mice increased (W=41.730, P<0.001), and both GSH concentration and GSH-Px activity decreased (W _GSH=49.640, P<0.001; F _GSH-Px=252.400, P<0.001), with an increase in MDA concentration (F=207.700, P<0.001). The expression level of GPX4 protein in the liver of BaP-treated mice decreased (F=56.790, P<0.001), while the expression level of ACSL4 protein increased (F=429.400, P<0.001). Compared to the high-dose BaP group, the high-dose BaP + Fer-1 group showed improvements in body weight changes (t=5.970, P<0.001), liver coefficient (t=11.510, P<0.001), morphological changes in the liver, and levels of ALT (q=21.730, P<0.001), AST (q=32.870, P<0.001), tissue iron (t=5.045, P=0.009), GSH (t=10.600,P<0.001), GSH-Px (q=9.977, P<0.001), MDA (q=21.580, P<0.001), as well as the expression levels of ACSL4 (q=8.629, P<0.001) and GPX4 (q=5.146, P=0.03) proteins.

Sub chronic exposure to BaP can induce ferroptosis in mouse hepatocytes, resulting in liver injury.

To clarify the causal relationship between body image comparison on social media and perinatal depression in pregnant women.

A convenience sampling method was employed to select pregnant women attending prenatal check-ups at a tertiary hospital in Hefei, Anhui Province, from September 2023 to April 2024. A longitudinal survey was conducted during late pregnancy (T1) and six weeks postpartum (T2) using a general information questionnaire, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and a body image comparison scale for social media. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 and Mplus 8.3 statistical software. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between body image comparison on social media and depression scores at T1 and T2, while a cross-lagged model was constructed using Mplus 8.3 to explore the causal relationship between body image comparison and perinatal depression.

A total of 277 pregnant women were included in the study, with depression rates of 34.30% and 21.66% at T1 and T2, respectively. A positive correlation was found between body image comparison on social media and depression scores at both T1 and T2 (P < 0.010). Body image comparison at T1 positively predicted depression at T2 (β=0.237, P=0.001).

Pre-pregnancy body image comparison on social media can predict postpartum depression.

To explore the relationship between the cumulative effect of overweight and obesity in children and the occurrence of elevated blood pressure, providing a basis for better prevention of hypertension in children.

Data were derived from the “Zigong School-Based Cardiovascular Metabolic Risk Cohort Study” conducted from 2012 to 2018. The survey included a questionnaire and physical examinations. The “overweight and obesity years” metric was calculated to assess the cumulative effect of overweight and obesity in children. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression and logistic regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between the cumulative effect of overweight and obesity, blood pressure levels and their changes, and the occurrence of elevated blood pressure.

The study included 1 637 children who were not hypertensive at baseline and had undergone at least four surveys, with an average age of 6.43 years, of which 50.00% were male. After an average follow-up of 4.57 years, 447 children developed elevated blood pressure, resulting in a cumulative incidence rate of 27.31%. During the follow-up, 381 children exhibited a cumulative effect of overweight and obesity (non-zero cumulative overweight and obesity years). The cumulative overweight and obesity years were positively correlated with endpoint systolic blood pressure, endpoint diastolic blood pressure, the difference between endpoint and baseline systolic blood pressure, and the difference between endpoint and baseline diastolic blood pressure (β₁=0.25, β₂=0.19, β₃=0.19, β₄=0.11, all P<0.05). Additionally, cumulative overweight and obesity years (OR=1.05, P<0.001),the degree of cumulative overweight and obesity (OR=1.04, P<0.001), and the duration of cumulative overweight and obesity (OR=1.14, P=0.014) were all positively correlated with the occurrence of elevated blood pressure in children.

The cumulative effect of overweight and obesity in children increases the risk of developing elevated blood pressure. Dynamic monitoring and timely intervention for overweight and obese children are crucial for preventing hypertension.

To explore the trends in the burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in China and its associated risk factors based on the Global Burden of Disease database (GBD).

Data on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) related to MDR-TB in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD 2021 database. The trends in disease burden and risk factors were assessed using the rate of change and annual estimated percentage change.

From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of MDR-TB in China decreased from 3.4 504(95%UI: 0.9 415 to 9.4 455) per 100 000 to 1.4 932 (95%UI: 0.2 544 to 4.6 586) per 100 000, with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of -6.6 (95%CI: -7.8 to -5.38). The age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) fell from 40.455 (95%UI:9.522 to 116.1805) per 100 000 to 5.1077 (95%UI: 0.8967 to 15.0293) per 100 000, with an EAPC of -10.07 (95%CI: -11.24 to -8.89). The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased from 1.176 (95%UI: 0.2691 to 3.4253) per 100 000 to 0.1469(95%UI: 0.0246 to 0.4272) per 100 000, with an EAPC of -10.03 (95%CI: -11.23 to -8.82). During the same period, the number of new cases decreased by 30.07%, the number of DALYs decreased by 77.44%, and the number of deaths decreased by 71.3%. Additionally, significant age and gender disparities were observed in the burden of MDR-TB in China. From 1990 to 2021, the declines in age-standardized incidence, DALY rates, and mortality rates were more pronounced in females than in males. Furthermore, smoking, alcohol consumption, high fasting blood glucose, and high body mass index were significant contributors to DALYs and mortality related to MDR-TB, with their contributions increasing over time.

There has been a significant downward trend in the burden of MDR-TB in China from 1990 to 2021. Attention should be given to the trends in MDR-TB burden among individuals aged 60 and above and males. Tailored prevention and control policies and measures should be developed based on the characteristics of different age groups and genders, along with the primary risk factors, to effectively reduce the overall disease burden of MDR-TB in China.

To investigate the relationship between the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the middle-aged and elderly population in China.

This study included 5 630 individuals aged 45 and older who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) in 2011 and 2015. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze the association between WWI, treated as a continuous variable and categorized into quartiles, and the risk of CKD. Additionally, a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between WWI and CKD.

During the four-year follow-up, 187 participants developed CKD,resulting in an incidence rate of 3.32%. After adjusting for all covariates, each unit increase in WWI was associated with a 33%increase in the risk of CKD (HR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.10-1.62). In the highest quartile of WWI, the risk of CKD was 2.30 times greater compared to the lowest quartile (HR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.37-3.86). The RCS curve indicated a nonlinear dose-response relationship between WWI and CKD (P_{fornon-linear} < 0.05).

There is a positive correlation between WWI and the risk of CKD among the middle-aged and elderly population in China, exhibiting a significant nonlinear dose-response relationship.

To understand the disconnection between knowledge and action regarding HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Pr EP) among university students with multiple sexual partners in Nanning, Guangxi, and analyze its influencing factors.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Nanning from November 19 to December 4, 2023, recruiting young university students who had at least one sexual partner in the past six months to investigate their knowledge and usage behaviors related to Pr EP. Students with only one sexual partner were used as a control group. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze the influencing factors of the knowledge-action disconnection.

A total of 5 630 university students with at least one sexual partner were surveyed, among which 4 494 (79.8%) had one partner, 572 (10.2%) had 2-3 partners, and 564 (10.0%) had four or more partners. The occurrence of knowledge-action disconnection among students with one sexual partner was 1 558 (34.7%), among those with 2-3 partners was 201 (35.1%), and among those with four or more partners was 144 (25.5%). The multivariate logistic regression results indicated that sexual orientation (gay or bisexual) (OR=1.436, 95%CI: 1.150-1.793), testing frequency of less than six months (OR=1.423, 95%CI: 1.198-1.691), and testing frequency of more than six months (OR=1.386, 95%CI: 1.113-1.725) were factors influencing the knowledge-action disconnection regarding PrEP.

There is a significant disconnection between knowledge and action regarding PrEP among university students in Nanning with multiple sexual partners. PrEP education should focus on gay individuals and HIV testing behaviors to enhance the willingness to use PrEP and promote its actual implementation, thereby reducing the occurrence of knowledge-action disconnection.

To provide a scientific basis for the formulation of effective prevention and control strategies by assessing the risk of dengue fever importation and local transmission in Guangxi from ASEAN countries by 2025.

Relevant information was collected and organized. The risk of dengue case importation from ASEAN countries was calculated using the Poisson distribution. Based on previous studies on local transmission risk assessment indicators for dengue fever, various factors influencing local transmission were assigned values. The local transmission risk was analyzed and evaluated through quantitative indicators, and the severity of local transmission consequences was qualitatively assessed using an expert consultation method.

There were significant regional differences in the risk of dengue cases being imported from ASEAN countries across the 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi from January to December. Nanning and Guilin had a year-round risk of “high” or “very high” for external importation;five cities, including Qinzhou, had “medium” or “high” risk; five cities, including Liuzhou, had “low” or “medium” risk; and Hezhou and Laibin had “very low” or “low” risk. If cases were imported, the risk of local transmission in the 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi was assessed as “low” for January to March and December; in April, all cities except Baise were “low”, while others were“medium”; from May to October, the risk was “medium”; in November, four cities including Liuzhou were “low”, while the others were “medium”. Based on comprehensive expert consultations, the risk of dengue importation and local transmission in Guangxi’s 14 prefecture-level cities was assessed as “medium” for 2025.

Due to its geographical location and close exchanges with ASEAN countries, Guangxi faces a higher risk of dengue fever importation and local transmission. The 14 prefecture-level cities should develop dengue prevention and control measures based on the characteristics of dengue importation and the dynamic changes in monitoring indicators, tailored to local conditions and timing, to effectively manage dengue outbreaks.

To evaluate the balance of bed allocation in hospital rehabilitation departments across different regions of China, providing policy recommendations for establishing a rehabilitation health service system that aligns with socioeconomic development and public health needs.

The number of rehabilitation department beds in hospitals across 31 provinces from 2012 to 2021 was selected. The Dagum Gini coefficient, concentration degree, and kernel density estimation methods were employed to measure the balance of bed allocation and analyze its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics.

From 2012 to 2021, the total number of rehabilitation department beds in Chinese hospitals increased by 196 120, with a growth rate of 270%. The concentration matching levels among provinces gradually narrowed, although there remained significant interprovincial allocation disparities within regions. The density estimation curve indicated a polarization phenomenon in the central region. The Dagum Gini coefficient results revealed that the differences in balance primarily stemmed from the contribution rates between regions, with the contribution rate within regions rising annually from 28.84% to 30.06% by 2021.

The balance of rehabilitation department bed resource allocation in Chinese hospitals improved from 2012 to 2021,with significant impacts from both interregional and intraregional allocation disparities on overall balance. Therefore, it is recommended to scientifically plan the number of rehabilitation department beds in hospitals across regions, enhance the regional bed coordination and sharing mechanism through information technology, and optimize resource allocation patterns.Additionally, further coordinated efforts should be made to promote balanced bed distribution through targeted assistance and optimizing total capacity, thereby better meeting the health service needs of the public.