To analyze the basic situation and supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020.

The relevant data of economic level and child health care of 31 provinces and cities from 2010 to 2020 in China Statistical Yearbook, China Health Statistical Yearbook, and China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook published by the National Bureau of Statistics and the National Health Commission were retrospectively analyzed, and the concentration index(CI) was used to evaluate the supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities in China. The cluster analysis was performed to investigate the child health care services in various provinces and cities in 2020.

In the child health care service projects of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020, the neonatal visit rate and the systematic management rate of children under three years old showed an overall upward trend (χ²_trend = 7.602, P=0.006; χ²_trend = 8.233, P=0.004). Perinatal mortality decreased year by year (χ²_trend = 9.493, P=0.002) but fluctuated slightly in 2016 and 2020. The perinatal mortality rate was the highest in the western region, and the level of child health care service in the central region was lower than the average, but the gap between regions was decreasing. The CIs of neonatal visit rate and systematic management rate of children under three years old were 0.003-0.035 and 0.004-0.065, respectively. The utilization of child health services was mainly distributed in provinces and cities with high economic level, and the CI of perinatal mortality ranged from -0.080 to -0.125. Among them, the unfairness of perinatal mortality was the highest and there was no significant improvement. The results of cluster analysis showed that except for Qinghai, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hainan, Henan, and Xizang, the similarities and differences in the utilization of child health services in other provinces and cities could be classified into similar categories.

The level of child health service and the fairness of service utilization in 31 provinces and cities in China have improved steadily in the past 20 years, which may be affected by the second-child policy and COVID-19. It is suggested that we continue to pay attention to perinatal mortality and give priority to improving the level of child health services in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hainan, Henan, and Xizang.

To explore the chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and anxiety on social support and well-being in elderly patients with chronic diseases.

In total 2 177 elderly patients with chronic diseases ≥ 60 years old in the 2022 psychological and behavioral survey of Chinese residents were investigated using perceived social support scale (PSSS), World Health Organization Five item Well-being Index (WHO-5), New General self-efficacy scale (NGSES), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). The Process plug-in of SPSS was used, and the chain mediating effect test was carried out by Bootstrap method.

Self-efficacy and anxiety played a chain mediating role in the relationship between social support and well-being. Among them, the direct effect of social support on well-being was significant (β=0.345, 95%CI: 0.330-0.432), the individual mediating effect of self-efficacy was significant (β=0.201, 95%CI: 0.164-0.240), the single mediating effect of anxiety was significant (β=0.029, 95%CI: 0.006-0.016), and the chain mediating effect of self-efficacy-anxiety was significant (β=0.006, 95%CI: 0.002-0.013).

Social support can affect the well-being of elderly patients with chronic diseases through the individual or chain mediation of self-efficacy and anxiety, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the well-being of this population.

To analyze the effects of watching short videos on the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly in China, to provide scientific basis for improving the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly.

Based on the data of China family panel studies (CFPS) in 2020, the linear regression model and propensity score matching method were used to explore the average effect of watching short videos on the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly.

Watching short videos could significantly improve the mental health level of middle-aged people (β=-0.217, P < 0.05). Watching short videos had a more significant effect on women, rural areas, and middle-aged and elderly people with an education level of junior high school or below (women: β=-0.323, P<0.05; rural areas: β=-0.309, P<0.05; junior high school: β =-0.387, P <0.01; middle-aged people: β=-0.270, P<0.05). The nearest neighbor matching, radius matching, and kernel matching all passed statistical tests.

Watching short videos has to some extent improved the mental health of middle-aged and elderly people, and it is necessary to further increase the internet penetration rate of the elderly population and expand the coverage of smartphone usage training. Attention should be paid to the mental health of women, rural registered residence, middle-aged and elderly people with low education and income levels as well as physical diseases.

To investigate the combined effects of sleep duration and muscle strength on depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults, and to provide reference for mental health promotion.

A total of 4 225 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) who participated in both 2011 and 2018 waves. Sleep duration and depressive symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire, and muscle strength (grip strength and chair-rising time) was measured. Multivariable adjusted cox regression models were used to explore the combined effects of sleep duration and muscle strength on depressive symptoms.

In total 1 465 (34.67%) participants reported depressive symptoms in 2018. After adjusting for confounding factors, participants with non-recommended sleep duration (> 9 h/d or < 7 h/d), lower grip strength, and longer chair-rising time had significantly increased risk of depressive symptoms. Compared with those with recommended sleep duration (7 to 9 h/d) and high muscle strength (high grip strength and short chair-rising time) group, individuals with non-recommended sleep duration and low muscle strength showed significantly increased risk of depressive symptoms (HR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.38-2.87).

Non-recommended sleep duration and low muscle strength are significant risk factors for depressive symptoms. Thus, increasing muscle strength and improving sleep duration should be recommended for mental health promotion in middle-aged and elderly people.

To explore the mediating effect of activities of daily living (ADL) between arthritis and depression in the elderly, and to provide reference for preventing and intervening the occurrence and development of depression in the elderly.

Based on the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data, stepwise regression analysis and Bootstrap intermediary test were used to analyze the mediating effect of ADL between arthritis and depressive symptoms in the elderly.

The prevalence rate of arthritis was 8.12%, and the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 44.60%. Arthritis was positively correlated with ADL (r=0.025, P<0.05), arthritis was positively correlated with depression symptoms (r=0.036, P<0.01), and ADL was positively correlated with depression symptoms (r=0.348, P<0.001). ADL plays a mediating role in the relationship between arthritis and depressive symptoms. The mediating effect of ADL on depressive symptoms was 0.009,and the mediating effect accounted for 25.71% of the total effect.

Arthritis has a certain influence on the depressive symptoms of the elderly through ADL. Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to improve the joint health of the elderly, reduce the prevalence of arthritis, and improve ADL of the elderly, to prevent the occurrence of depression in the elderly.

To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI), household fuel type, and peak expiratory flow(PEF) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people aged 45 and above.

Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2013 and 2015, the BMI and PEF of the participants were measured and evaluated. According to the self-reported household fuel types, cooking and heating fuels were divided into solid fuel and clean fuel. Linear mixed model was used to analyze the relationships of BMI and household solid fuels using with PEF changes, and residential location was included as a random term. Subgroup analysis and interaction analysis were conducted by gender, urban-rural setting, smoking status, and fuels types.

There was a significant correlation between the reduction of BMI and PEF (β=-1.33,95%CI: -2.31 to -0.33). Compared with the group using clean fuel, the PEF of the group using solid fuel decreased faster than that of the group using clean fuel (cooking: β=-10.16, 95%CI: -16.78 to -3.55; heating: β=-10.13, 95%CI: -18.70 to -1.46). Solid fuels use for heating increased the magnitude of BMI-related PEF decline (interaction P=0.030).

High BMI and solid fuel use are the risk factors for the reduction of PEF in the middle-aged and elderly in China, and there is an interaction between BMI and solid fuel for heating on the reduction of PEF.

To investigate the correlation model between 8 kinds of leisure activities and 8 physical and mental health indexes of the elderly.

Outcome-wide analysis was performed based on 15 771 samples aged over 65 years old from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) data in 2018.

Lack of housework increased the risk of cognitive impairment (RR=1.892, 95%CI: 1.666-2.148), physical function (RR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.228-1.425), and activity of daily living (ADL) disability (RR=5.004, 95%CI: 4.159-6.019) in the elderly. Feeding activity was associated with mental health, but lack of feeding activity increased the risk of instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) disability (RR=1.279, 95%CI: 1.180-1.387), while the association with disease risk was not robust (E=1.322, CI=1.185). In terms of cognitive activities, less friends talk was associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment (RR=1.214, 95%CI: 1.061-1.390); reading activities were only related to cognitive function (RR=1.413, 95%CI: 1.123-1.778); playing cards/mahjong was related to depression (β=-0.043,-0.868 to -0.237) and cognitive function (RR=1.752, 95%CI: 1.387-2.212). Watching TV was significantly correlated with emotional health, depression, anxiety, cognitive function, ADL, and physical function.

Leisure activities are beneficial to maintain and promote the physical and mental health and physical function of the elderly, and cognitive activities are beneficial to maintain and improve the cognitive function and mental health of the elderly. Physical activity is more effective in improving living ability and physical function.

To study the effect of short-term antibiotics cocktail exposure on the intestinal flora induced by azomethane (AOM) in mice.

Forty male ICR mice aged 3 to 4 weeks were randomly divided into control group (Control group), AOM group (AOM group), antibiotic group (Abx group), and antibiotic + AOM group (AbxAOM group). During the gavage period, AbxAOM group and Abx group were administered with antibiotic solution, meanwile Control group and AOM group were administrated with corresponding volume of pure water twice a day for 2 weeks. During the period of intraperitoneal injection,AOM group and AbxAOM group were intraperitoneally injected with AOM solution, the Abx group and Control group were intraperitoneally injected with sterile 0.9% NaCl solution once a week for 4 weeks. The feces of mice were collected 5 weeks after intraperitoneal injection, and the intestinal flora of feces was analyzed by 16SrRNA sequencing.

The Chao1 index and ACE index in AbxAOM group were higher than those in AOM group. Compared with AOM group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in AbxAOM group was significantly higher (P<0.05), while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly lower at the phylum level (P<0.05). Compared with AOM group, the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Prevotella in AbxAOM group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Alistipes, Clostridium XIVa and Blautia increased significantly at the genus level (P<0.05).

The changes of intestinal flora after antibiotic treatment suggest that specific microbial groups rather than single strains may play an important role in the occurrence and development of CRC induced by AOM in mice.

To analyze the molecular network characteristics of the transmission relationship of newly confirmed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Jinan, to provide basis for epidemic trend and prevention.

A total of 168 blood samples newly reported to be infected with HIV-1 in Jinan in 2021 were collected. The pol region gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested PCR, the evolutionary tree was constructed by neighbor-joining method, and the molecular network was constructed by gene distance < 1.5%. The related factors of the network were analyzed. The mutation sites of drug resistance were analyzed by the online software tool of HIV drug resistance database of Stanford University.

There were 9 subtypes in the sample sequence. The dominant subtypes were two epidemic recombination types circulating recombinant form (CRF), CRF01_AE subtype (41.7%, 70/168), and CRF07_BC subtype (36.3%, 61/168). The other subtypes were B, CRF68_01B,CRF55_01B, CRF65_CPX, CRF67_01B, CRF96_CPX, and C. When the gene distance was 1.50%, a total of 15 molecular clus ters were formed, with a total of 51 sequences, and the network entry rate was 30.4%. Surveillance drug-resistance mutations(SDRM) were monitored in 7 samples, with drug resistance transmission rate of 4.2%, focusing on drug resistance site mutations of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

There are abundant HIV-1 subtypes in Jinan, mainly CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC subtypes. A molecular transmission network should be established for long-term monitoring to take targeted measures to block its spread.

To analyze the incidence trend and epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Shenzhen, to provide reference for scientific prevention and control of infectious diseases.

Descriptive epidemiological methods and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the surveillance data of infectious diseases among children in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022.

A total of 249 614 cases of 31 infectious diseases were reported in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022, with an average annual reported incidence of 4 981.47/100 000, showing a stable trend [annual percentage change (APC)=7.19%, P>0.05]. The main diseases were respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases, accounting for 53.93% and 46.00% of the total cases, respectively. The top five cumulative reported cases were hand-foot-mouth disease, influenza, chicken pox, other infectious diarrheal diseases, and mumps. Among them, the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease and mumps decreased slowly, but the trend test was not statistically significant (APC was -9.70% and -3.98%, respectively, P > 0.05). Influenza and chickenpox showed a “rising-falling”trend, with the turning point in 2019. The rising trend of influenza from 2013 to 2019 was statistically significant (APC=166.11%, P=0.005), and the downward trend of chickenpox from 2019 to 2022 was statistically significant (APC=-52.42%, P=0.022). Other infectious diarrheal diseases showed an upward trend (APC=19.15%, P=0.002). The incidence of infectious diseases in kindergarten children showed a bimodal type, with a peak in summer and winter-spring. The proportion of intestinal infectious diseases in girls was lower than that in boys (P < 0.001). The proportion of intestinal infectious diseases in children aged 3 years and above was lower than that in children under 3 years old (P < 0.001).

The overall incidence of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Shenzhen is relatively high. The vaccination rate of EV71, influenza, and varicella vaccine should be further improved. At the same time, comprehensive prevention and control measures such as monitoring and early warning, health education, and institutional health management should be taken to effectively control the occurrence and prevalence of common infectious diseases among kindergarten children.