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To analyze the basic situation and supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020.
The relevant data of economic level and child health care of 31 provinces and cities from 2010 to 2020 in China Statistical Yearbook, China Health Statistical Yearbook, and China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook published by the National Bureau of Statistics and the National Health Commission were retrospectively analyzed, and the concentration index(CI) was used to evaluate the supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities in China. The cluster analysis was performed to investigate the child health care services in various provinces and cities in 2020.
In the child health care service projects of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020, the neonatal visit rate and the systematic management rate of children under three years old showed an overall upward trend (χ2trend = 7.602, P=0.006; χ2trend = 8.233, P=0.004). Perinatal mortality decreased year by year (χ2trend = 9.493, P=0.002) but fluctuated slightly in 2016 and 2020. The perinatal mortality rate was the highest in the western region, and the level of child health care service in the central region was lower than the average, but the gap between regions was decreasing. The CIs of neonatal visit rate and systematic management rate of children under three years old were 0.003-0.035 and 0.004-0.065, respectively. The utilization of child health services was mainly distributed in provinces and cities with high economic level, and the CI of perinatal mortality ranged from -0.080 to -0.125. Among them, the unfairness of perinatal mortality was the highest and there was no significant improvement. The results of cluster analysis showed that except for Qinghai, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hainan, Henan, and Xizang, the similarities and differences in the utilization of child health services in other provinces and cities could be classified into similar categories.
The level of child health service and the fairness of service utilization in 31 provinces and cities in China have improved steadily in the past 20 years, which may be affected by the second-child policy and COVID-19. It is suggested that we continue to pay attention to perinatal mortality and give priority to improving the level of child health services in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hainan, Henan, and Xizang.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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