To evaluate the potential causal relationship between blood metabolites and the risk of heart failure by two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Based on a genome-wide association study containing 486 blood metabolites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) independently associated with blood metabolites was selected as instrumental variables. The heart failure data were derived from the Genome-Wide Association Study of the Molecular Epidemiology Research Consortium for Therapeutic Targets in Heart Failure. The potential causal relationship between them was analyzed by inverse variance weighting method, MR-Egger regression method, and weighted median method, and the sensitivity analysis was perfomed using MR-Egger regression intercept, Cochran Q test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out method.

In total 7 516 SNP associated with blood metabolites were selected as instrumental variables. The results of inverse variance weighting analysis showed that pantothenic acid was associated with heart failure (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.03-1.63). Sensitivity analysis results indicated that the results were robust.

This study suggests that there is a positive causal relationship between pantothenic acid and the risk of heart failure, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and drug targets of heart failure.

Tumor is a major public health problem harmful to people’s health. Cell copper death provides a new idea for the basic research of tumor. This paper reviews the latest progress of cell copper death in the field of tumor prevention and treatment.

The literatures related to copper death in tumor prevention and treatment were summarized, and the research status of copper death related genes in different types of tumors was reviewed.

Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1), lipoic acid synthase (LIAS), dihydro lipocyte answers (DLAT), and dihydro lipoamide S-succinyl transferase (DLST) were the key regulatory genes of copper death, which were abnormally expressed in lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and breast cancer. Among them, the low expression of FDX1 in tumor patients was related to the poor prognosis of the disease, while the overall survival time of cancer patients with high expression of DLAT and DLST genes was decreased. In addition, targeting copper death protein and promoting cell copper death inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro.

Several genes related to copper death, such as FDX1, LIAS, DLAT, and DLST, are abnormally expressed in cancer patients and are related to the occurrence, development, metastasis, and prognosis of the tumor. Targeted promotion of cell copper death and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation provide a new direction for future basic research in the field of tumor, which has public health significance for tumor prevention and treatment.

To study the drug resistance phenotype, drug resistance gene, and virulence gene of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) in patients with failed eradication therapy, and to provide reference for remedial therapy.

Hp was isolated and cultured from gastric mucosa of patients with failed eradication therapy. Drug sensitivity test was used to detect the resistance of isolated strains to Metronidazole (MTZ), Clarithromycin (CLA), Levofloxacin (LEV), Amoxicillin (AMX), Tetracycline (TET),and Furazolidone (FZ). CLA and LEV resistance genes 23S rRNA, gyrA and virulence genes cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA were amplified by PCR, to further explore the relationship between drug resistance phenotype and drug resistance and virulence genes.

In total 40 strains of Hp were isolated from 58 patients (69.0%). The resistance rates to MTZ, CLA, LEV, AMX, TET, and FZ were 100.0%, 82.5%, 72.5%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. The most common mutations of 23S rRNA and gyrA genes were T2182C (78.6%) and N87K (32.0%), respectively, and new C2165T and A2219G mutations were found in CLA resistant strains. In addition, the positive rates of virulence genes cagA, vacA s1, vacA s2, vacA m1, vacA m2, iceA1, iceA2, and oipA were 97.1%, 100.0%, 0%, 42.9%, 57.1%, 62.9%, 11.4%, and 68.6%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant.

The resistance of Hp isolates to MTZ, CLA and LEV in patients with failed eradication therapy in this area is serious, and AMX, TET and FZ are recommended for remedial therapy. The relationship between CLA resistance and C2165T and A2219G mutation and LEV resistance and vacA m2 warrants further investigation.

To provide reference for improving and promoting the management and reform of practical ability training of Master of Public Health (MPH).

Based on the connotation of practical ability, combined with the characteristics of practical ability training in sample colleges, the USEM model of MPH practical ability was constructed, and the multiple realization paths that could improve MPH practical ability were extracted by fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis.

Eight combined paths were identified including practical interest A* achievement motive B* no practical pressure ~ C* adaptability and strain capacy D* interpersonal communication E* team work and autonomous learning ability F* professional knowledge G* professional skill H* lack of analytical ability and judgement ~ I* implementation ability K* monitoring and evaluation ability L (* represented “and” while ~ represented “not”). Through the interactive comparison of different combination paths, it is found that practical interest, achievement motivation and self-monitoring and evaluation ability are the necessary conditions to improve the practical ability of MPH. Social adaptability had an important influence on the improvement of MPH practical ability. Practical pressure and implementation ability could complement each other in improving MPH practical ability. Practical interest, achievement motivation, analysis and judgment ability and decision planning ability were the core conditions to improve MPH practical ability.

It is suggested to improve practical interest, stimulate achievement motivation, strengthen self-monitoring and evaluation ability, pay attention to the cultivation of social adaptability and improve students’ comprehensive quality, restrict industry mentors by system to give students appropriate practical pressure, and explore the opportunity of situational education and strengthen the ability of situational practice.

To evaluate the dose-response relationship between obesity indicators and cholelithiasis in minority populations in Qiannan and Qiandongnan regions of Guizhou Province.

Based on the cross-sectional survey data of the "China Multi-ethnic Cohort Study", 17 084 adults aged 30-79 from the Buyi, Dong and Miao ethnic groups in Qiannan and Qiandongnan regions of Guizhou Province were included. The association between obesity indicators and cholelithiasis was analyzed using logistic regression models, and their dose-response relationship with cholelithiasis was studied using restricted cubic spline models.

The overall prevalence of cholelithiasis in Qiannan and Qiandongnan regions was 9.0%, with women at 9.6% higher than men at 7.5%. There were statistically significant differences between the cholelithiasis group and the non-cholelithiasis group in terms of gender, age, ethnicity, smoking history, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, BMI, LAP, VAI, WHtR, WHR, WC, weight, TG, HDL-C and GLU (P<0.001). Compared to the non-cholelithiasis group, the cholelithiasis group had higher age, weight, TG, GLU, BMI, VAI, LAP, WHtR, WHR, WC. In the logistic regression model, after adjusting for confounding factors, BMI, WC, WHtR, LAP, WHR were all statistically significant. As the values of obesity indicators increased, the risk of cholelithiasis also increased. Further analysis of their dose-response relationship revealed a nonlinear increasing trend in the association strength with cholelithiasis as the levels of BMI (P Nonlinear=0.004 6), LAP (P Nonlinear=0.000 4), WC (P Nonlinear=0.042 2), WHR (P Nonlinear=0.021) increased. As the level of WHtR (P Nonlinear=0.210 7) increased, the association strength with cholelithiasis showed a linear increasing trend.

Among the ethnic minorities in the Qiannan and Qiandongnan regions of Guizhou, there is a linear and nonlinear dose-response relationship between obesity indicators and gallstone disease. Advocating for residents to strengthen obesity control and prevention is an important means to reduce the incidence of gallstone disease.

Toanalyze the prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among the Hani ethnic minority older adults in rural areas of Yunnan Province.

The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select 1 402 rural Hani ethnic minority older adults aged ≥60 years in Mojiang County, Yunnan, each participant received a questionnaire survey and physical examination. Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to assess the possible influencing factors of COPD status.

Among the Hani ethnic minority older adults investigated, the prevalence of COPD was 8.84%. Men had a significantly higher prevalence of COPD than women (12.04% and 5.90%, χ²=16.348,P<0.001). Prevalence of COPD increased with advancing age (χ²=5.625,P=0.018). Hani older adults with a family history of COPD, individuals with low body mass index, and smokers had a higher prevalence of COPD than their counterparts (χ²=13.791,χ²=36.651,χ²=14.963,P<0.001). The results of SEM analysis indicated that gender, age, low body mass index, smoking had an effect on prevalence of COPD with the total effects of -2.53, 0.66, 1.79, 1.20 and 0.30, respectively.

The prevalence of COPD among Hani older adults was comparatively low in rural Yunnan, and men, advanced age groups, those with a family history of COPD, those with a low body mass index, and smokers were the priority populations for COPD prevention and control.

To explore the bidirectional causal relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

The dataset was pooled by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), of which MS data contained 14 498 samples and IBD data contained 24 865 samples, including 6 968 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) and 17 897 cases of Crohn’s disease (CD). Random effect inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WME), MR-Egger regression, and weighted model were used for MR Analysis.

MS was found to increase the risk of UC (IVW: OR=1.108; 95% CI: 1.012-1.213; P<0.05), but not associated with the risk of CD (IVW: OR=1.021; 95% CI: 0.926-1.127; P>0.05); UC also increased the risk of MS, and the two were causal (IVW: OR=1.096; 95% CI: 1.027-1.169; P<0.05), and CD was associated with an increased risk of MS (IVW: OR=1.133; 95% CI: 1.003-1.279; P<0.05). After the MR-Egger regression intercept item test, it was found that there was no horizontal pleiotropy (P>0.05). The heterogeneity test results were all <0.001, so we should pay more attention to the random effects IVW model.

MS is associated with an increased risk of UC, but the effect on CD is not significant. IBD increases the risk of developing MS.

To investigate the prevalence of chronic pain in the elderly in Nanshan Pastoral area of Xinjiang, explore the influence of chronic pain degree on cognitive function, and the mediating role of depression and frailty.

From June 2022 to February 2023, 1 045 elderly patients ≥60 in Nanshan Pastoral area of Xinjiang were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The General Information Questionnaire, Pain Numerical Rating Scale, Geriatric Depression Assessment Scale, Tilburg Frailty Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale were used to conduct the questionnaire survey.

The prevalence rate of chronic pain in the elderly in Nanshan pastoral area of Xinjiang was 67.27% (703/1 045). The degree of chronic pain was positively correlated with depression and frailty (r=0.472, 0.512, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with cognitive function (r=-0.432, P<0.01). Depression and frailty had significant mediating effect between chronic pain degree and cognitive function. The intermediate effects were -0.134 (95% CI:-0.194--0.074) and -0.145 (95% CI: -0.193--0.101), respectively. The mediating effect of depression-debilitation chain was also significant, and the mediating effect size was -0.121 (95% CI:-0.165--0.083). The total indirect effect of depression and frailty on the degree of chronic pain and cognitive function was -0.400, accounting for 53.33% of the total effect.

The degree of chronic pain not only directly affects the cognitive function of the elderly in Nanshan pastoral area of Xinjiang, but also indirectly affects the cognitive function through the independent mediating effect of depression and frailty and the chain mediating effect of depression and frailty.

To analyze the trend of incidence and mortality of liver cancer due to HBV (hepatitis B virus, HBV) infection in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of liver cancer.

Using the Global Burden of Disease database, the incidence and mortality of liver cancer due to HBV infection in China were analysed from 1990 to 2019, and a Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyse the trends in the incidence and mortality of liver cancer due to HBV infection. An age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the effects of three factors: age, period, and cohort on changes in morbidity and mortality.

The overall trend of the standardized incidence rate and the standardized mortality rate of liver cancer due to HBV infection for both men and women in China from 1990 to 2019 showed a decreasing trend. The average annual rates of change in the standardized incidence rate for men and women were -2.94% and -4.24%, respectively. And the average annual rates of change in the standardized mortality rate were -3.35% and -4.45%, respectively. The age-period-cohort model showed that the risk of morbidity and mortality for males and females tended to increase and then decrease with age, and the overall trend decreased with period and birth cohort, but there was a slight increase locally.

The incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer caused by HBV infection show a substantial downward trend from 1990 to 2019. In the future, the problem of HBV-induced liver cancer will remain serious, and it is recommended that hepatitis B (Hepatitis B) vaccination be expanded among high-risk groups, and that public education on health behaviors be strengthened and early screening for liver cancer be actively carried out.

To explore the association of different glycemic measures and the risk of cancer.

A prospective cohort study conducted in Pudong New Area was used to solve the question. Cox proportional hazard model and Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model were used to explore the associations between different glycemic measures and the risk of cancer.

A total of 411 new cancer patients were observed after median 7.78 years follow-up, accumulative person-year incidence rates were 7.12/1 000. After multi-variable adjustment, the HR (95% CI) of elevated FPG and 2hPG were 1.10 (1.03~1.18) and 1.11 (1.02~1.20), respectively. The association between FPG and cancer risk showed a linear dose-response relationship; the association between 2hPG and cancer risk showed a trend toward a U-shaped dose-response relationship.

FPG and 2hPG are important risk factors for cancer, attention should be paid in the prevention and intervention of cancer.