To analyze the current status and trends of the disease burden attributable to high fasting blood glucose related to tuberculosis in the elderly population of China from 1992 to 2021, and to conduct forecasts to provide references for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in this population.

Data on tuberculosis mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) attributable to high fasting blood glucose from 1992 to 2021 were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study database. The percentage change in estimated annual disease burden was calculated to analyze trends. Comparisons were made from a global perspective and across different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, employing the decomposition method established by Gupta to quantify changes in attributable mortality and DALY. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was utilized to analyze the risk of attributable mortality, while the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict standardized mortality rates and standardized DALY rates.

In 2021, the standardized mortality rate (2.03 per 100 000)and standardized DALY rate (46.95 per 100 000) for the elderly population in China were at a moderate level globally. The attributable mortality and DALY rates for males (2.81 per 100 000 and 70.97 per 100 000, respectively) were higher than those for females (1.04 per 100 000 and 24.21 per 100 000, respectively). From 1992 to 2021, both the standardized mortality rate and standardized DALY rate for the elderly population in China showed a declining trend, with a faster decline compared to different SDI regions. The combined contributions of population growth and aging to changes in attributable mortality and DALY were 112.50% and 109.01%, respectively, while the contributions from epidemiological changes were -170.58% and-158.48%. The APC model indicated that the risk of attributable mortality initially rose with age and then declined, as well as decreased over time and across birth cohorts. The BAPC model demonstrated superior predictive performance, forecasting a declining trend in both standardized mortality rates and standardized DALY rates from 2022 to 2030.

The disease burden attributable to high fasting blood glucose related to tuberculosis in the elderly population of China from 1992 to 2021 remains significant. The burden is greater in males than in females, with population growth and aging being driving factors for the increasing burden. Age, period, and cohort all influence the attributable disease burden, necessitating the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures tailored to the characteristics of the Chinese population.

To investigate the impact of air pollution on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients.

Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey collected between 2011 and 2015 were analyzed, including 2 860 participants from Shanghai, of which 831 were hypertensive patients. Air pollution monitoring data for Shanghai during the same period were obtained from the National Urban Air Quality Release Platform. Demographic information, daily habits, health status, and hypertension-related data were collected via questionnaires. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the effect of air pollutants on achieving blood pressure targets, and a mixed-effects model was used to study interactions among air pollutants and their interactions with antihypertensive medications.

A total of 831 adult hypertensive patients were included, with a blood pressure control rate of 35.14%. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for O₃ exposure on day 0, the previous 7 days, and the previous 60 days were 1.012 (1.005-1.020), 1.009 (1.002-1.016), and 1.013 (1.003-1.022), respectively. For CO during the same periods, the OR and 95%CI were 1.084 (1.030-1.140), 1.064 (1.030-1.100), and 1.126 (1.050-1.208), respectively. The OR and 95%CI for SO₂ on day 0 and the previous 7 days were 1.056 (1.004-1.110) and 1.024 (1.003-1.046), respectively. SO₂ exposure on day 0 and the previous 7 days (P=0.008; P=0.043) and CO exposure in the previous 60 days (P<0.001) may influence the effectiveness of antihypertensive medications; CO on day 0 and SO₂ on the same day may interact regarding blood pressure control rates (P=0.045); O₃ exposure in the previous 7 days, SO₂ on the same day, and CO on the same day may also interact concerning blood pressure control rates (P=0.004; P<0.001).

O₃, SO₂, and CO are associated with blood pressure control rates. Recent and long-term exposure to O₃ and CO may affect blood pressure control, while recent exposure to SO₂ may influence the efficacy of antihypertensive medications. It is recommended to enhance air pollution monitoring and management, providing guidance for hypertensive patients to improve blood pressure control outcomes.

To investigate the levels of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and ammonia in the air of hotels, barbershops, beauty salons, and gyms in Shijiazhuang city, and to assess the carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks associated with these chemical pollutants in the air of the four types of public venues.

From 2019 to 2023, air samples were collected from operational barbershops, beauty salons, hotels, and gyms in Shijiazhuang to monitor the levels of formaldehyde, benzene, and ammonia. The assessment of inhalation exposure to chemical pollutants was conducted using the health risk assessment methods established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to evaluate the carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks for workers.

The exceedance rates of formaldehyde in the air of the four public venues were 10.49%, 4.65%, 8%, and 3.13%, respectively, while the exceedance rates of ammonia in beauty salons and barbershops were 5.81% and 2%, respectively. The carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde in all four types of public venues exceeded 10^-6, with the 75^th percentile carcinogenic risk value for formaldehyde in beauty salons exceeding 10^-4. For benzene, half of the carcinogenic risk values in hotels, barbershops, and gyms fell within the range of 10^-6 to 10^-4, with a higher proportion of benzene carcinogenic risks in beauty salons also within this range. The hazard quotients for formaldehyde in all four public venues were greater than 1, with the 25^th percentile hazard quotient for formaldehyde in beauty salons exceeding

There are significant carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks associated with formaldehyde in the air of the four types of public venues in Shijiazhuang city, with beauty salons exhibiting higher risks. The elevated carcinogenic risk of benzene in beauty salons warrants attention.

To understand the current status and trends of the burden of mushroom poisoning diseases in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2023, providing a basis for the formulation of rational prevention and control measures.

A descriptive analysis was conducted on mushroom poisoning incident data from the “Foodborne Disease Outbreak Monitoring System” in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2023. The mushroom poisoning mortality data were organized by gender, age, and year. The World Health Organization’s Excel template was used to calculate Years of Life Lost (YLLs) due to premature death, and the human capital method was employed to estimate the indirect economic burden caused by mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province. The Join point regression model was utilized to analyze the temporal trends in incidence rates, mortality rates, and YLLs rates of mushroom poisoning.

From 2011 to 2023, Guizhou Province reported a total of 2 518 mushroom poisoning outbreaks, affecting 8 716 individuals and resulting in 97 deaths, with a mortality rate of 0.25 per 100 000 population. The total YLLs for the entire population was 2 139 person-years, with a YLLs rate of 5.55 person-years per 100 000; YLLs and YLLs rates for males were higher than those for females. The highest YLLs were observed in the 45 to <60 age group, while the highest YLLs rate was found in the 60 to <70 age group. The overall indirect economic burden of the 97 mushroom poisoning deaths in Guizhou Province was 40.8 569 million yuan, averaging 421 200 yuan per case. From 2011 to 2023, the incidence rate of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province showed a continuous upward trend, while both the mortality rate and YLLs rate exhibited a continuous downward trend, with annual percentage changes (APC) of 26.79%, -17.76%, and -16.70%, respectively (P<0.05).

The incidence rate of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province is on a continuous rise, with higher YLLs in males compared to females and the highest YLLs observed in the 45 to <60 age group, corresponding to a significant indirect economic burden. It is essential to enhance effective public education and continue to strengthen medical treatment to reduce the occurrence of toxic mushroom poisoning.

To explore the relationship between parental occupational types and adolescent depression symptoms, providing a basis for promoting adolescent mental health.

Data from the 2018 follow-up survey of the China Family Panel Studies were collected, including demographic information, behavioral lifestyle, depression symptoms, and parental occupations of adolescents aged 10 to 19. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Simplified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and parental occupational types were classified according to the “Occupational Classification of the People’s Republic of China (2022 Edition)”. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between parental occupational types and adolescent depression symptoms.

In total, 1 971 adolescents were analyzed, including 1 045 boys (53.02%) and 926 girls (46.98%); 525 were only child in the family (26.64%). Among fathers, 1 531 had an education level of junior high school or below (77.68%), with the majority engaged in production and manufacturing occupations (703 individuals, 35.67%). For mothers, 1 653 had an education level of junior high school or below (83.87%), primarily working in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production and support roles (812 individuals, 41.20%). A total of 293 adolescents exhibited depression symptoms (14.86%). The results of the multifactor logistic regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for variables such as gender, age, smoking, drinking, average daily sleep duration, and parental education level, compared to the unemployed reference group, fathers in professional and technical occupations (OR=0.251, 95%CI: 0.071-0.889) and mothers in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production and support roles(OR=0.626, 95%CI: 0.409-0.959) were statistically associated with lower risks of adolescent depression symptoms.

Adolescents whose fathers are engaged in professional and technical work or whose mothers work in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production exhibit a lower risk of developing depression symptoms.

To analyze the occurrence, regional distribution characteristics, ranking of diseases, and disease spectrum of birth defects in perinatal infants in Xinjiang from January 2019 to December 2022.

Retrospective data were collected from the maternal and child health monitoring data reporting system of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region via the maternal and child health cloud platform, covering all cases of birth defects among infants born in monitoring hospitals from January 2019 to December 2022, specifically those born after 28 weeks of gestation and within 7 days post-delivery, totaling 6 983 cases. General information on mothers, delivery conditions, and general information on infants with birth defects, as well as perinatal outcomes, were collected. Descriptive analysis of the monitoring data on birth defects in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022 was conducted using incidence rates, composition ratios, χ² tests, and χ² trend tests.

The average annual incidence rate of birth defects in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022 was 230.103 per 100 000 births, with the incidence rate remaining relatively stable over the four years (χ²=4.757, P=0.190). Significant differences in the incidence rates of birth defects were observed between different regions (χ²=3 039.965, P<0.001). Variations in incidence rates were also noted based on perinatal sex (χ²=37.386, P<0.001), maternal age (χ²=76.313, P<0.001), and urban-rural status (χ²=1 478.493, P<0.001). The top five birth defects identified were congenital heart disease, polydactyly, clubfoot, other malformations of the external ear, and cleft lip.

The incidence of birth defects in Xinjiang remains at a high level, necessitating proactive measures for comprehensive preconception, prenatal, and postnatal prevention and control. Enhancing the quality of maternal and child healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth and promoting prenatal screening and diagnostic techniques across regions are essential to reduce the incidence of birth defects as much as possible.

To analyze the impact of multi-level social capital on the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals, exploring the roles of different levels of social capital.

Utilizing data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a multi-level linear model was constructed to investigate how individual social capital and community social capital influence the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals. Instrumental variables were employed to validate the causal relationship between these dimensions.

In the null model, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.135, indicating community-level differences in the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals. The multi-level linear model revealed that both individual social capital and community social capital positively affected the subjective well-being, with regression coefficients of 0.018 (P<0.05) and 0.001 (P<0.05), respectively. Factors such as age, marital status, self-rated health, physical disabilities, health insurance, and education level significantly influenced subjective well-being, with regression coefficients of 0.118 (P<0.001), 0.051 (P=0.022), 0.181 (P<0.001), -0.155 (P<0.001), 0.070 (P=0.054), and -0.082 (P<0.001), respectively.

The multi-level social capital plays a positive role in enhancing the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals, and efforts should be made to further improve the social integration of the elderly.

To explore the impact pathways of cognitive decline, risk perception, and self-efficacy on the safe medication practices of empty nesters, utilizing the risk perception attitude framework theory.

A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey involving 361 empty nesters. Multiple linear regression analysis and structural equation modeling were used to construct the impact pathways.

The average score for safe medication practices among empty nesters was 30.59±3.61. Path analysis revealed that cognitive decline directly predicted safe medication practices (β=-0.134) and also indirectly influenced these practices through risk perception and self-efficacy. This included the independent mediating effects of self-efficacy (β=-0.066) and risk perception (β=-0.131), as well as the chain mediating effect of risk perception and self-efficacy (β=-0.088) (all P<0.05).

The level of safe medication practices among empty nesters urgently needs improvement, particularly focusing on those with cognitive decline. Enhancing self-efficacy and correcting risk perception biases may elevate safe medication practices among cognitively impaired empty nesters.

To explore the influencing factors and improvement paths for the equity of public health human resource allocation in China, providing references for accelerating the development of the public health talent workforce.

The study assessed the equity of public health human resource allocation in China from 2019 to 2021 through concentration degree evaluation and employed fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the pathways affecting its equity.

There were 11 configurations in the high equity group for public health human resource allocation from 2019 to 2021, with a total consistency and total coverage of 0.97 (>0.8) and 0.66 (>0.5), respectively, indicating a strong explanatory power of the model. Population concentration emerged as a core condition across all configurations.

The equity of public health human resource allocation results from a combination of multiple factors, with identifiable key directions. Among these, population concentration is a core factor, while institutional allocation levels and government health expenditures serve as important leverage points. The synergistic effects among various elements, including institutions, individuals, society, and government, contribute to achieving high equity in public health human resource allocation.

To analyze the comprehensive efficiency and total factor productivity changes of county-level medical and health sub-centers (referred to as “sub-centers”) in Sichuan Province, providing valuable references for the continuous advancement of sub-center construction and the healthy development of grassroots medical and health systems nationwide.

A total of 302 sub-centers in Sichuan Province were selected as the research subjects, and the DEA-Malmquist index model was employed to measure and evaluate their static and dynamic efficiencies.

Using 21 cities and prefectures as decision-making units, the comprehensive efficiency of the sub-centers was 0.884, with 12 cities and prefectures experiencing increasing returns to scale and 9 achieving optimal operational efficiency. Analyzing the time series of the 302 sub-centers as decision-making units, the total factor productivity of the sub-centers increased by 1.4%; regionally, total factor productivity rose in 16 cities and prefectures.

The construction of sub-centers in Sichuan Province has been a successful pilot project, with overall operational efficiency being relatively good. However, significant regional development disparities and insufficient technological advancement persist. The government and relevant departments should continue to strengthen policy guidance, develop scientific and reasonable planning, focus on solidifying the grassroots talent base, and enhance information technology infrastructure to empower the vitality of sub-center healthcare.