To explore the association between visceral fat accumulation indicators and gallstone risk in the Dong population of Guizhou.

A total of 6 375 permanent residents aged 30-79 years were enrolled from the Southwest China Natural Population Cohort of Minority Communities. Logistic regression, subgroup analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to examine the associations of metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF), lipid accumulation product(LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and waist circumference (WC) with gallstones.

The gallstone detection rate was 10.9% in the Dong population of Guizhou, higher in females (12.2%) than in males (8.4%). Gallstone patients had higher METS-VF, LAP, VAI, and WC. Compared with Q1, Q4 levels of METS-VF (OR=2.206, 95% CI:1.704-2.856), LAP (OR=2.280, 95% CI:1.789-2.905), VAI (OR=1.674, 95% CI:1.323-2.118) and WC (OR=2.046, 95% CI:1.608-2.603) were all positively associated with gallstone risk. Subgroup analyses showed significant associations only in females (P<0.05), with an interaction between gender and METS-VF (P for interaction =0.007). In the age subgroups, VAI was significant only in participants aged <60 years, while the other indicators were significant in both age groups (P<0.05). Medium-to-high levels of all indicators were positively associated with gallstone risk in those consuming glutinous rice or oil tea (P<0.05). Dose-response analyses showed linear associations of METS-VF and WC with gallstone risk, and nonlinear associations of LAP and VAI with gallstone risk.

Visceral fat accumulation indicators are positively associated with gallstone risk in the Dong ethnic population of Guizhou Province. This association exhibits female specificity and is more pronounced among individuals who consume glutinous rice or oil tea. Public health strategies should prioritize visceral fat management in Dong women, utilize these indicators as supplementary tools for early screening, and develop targeted intervention strategies for high-risk populations to reduce the disease burden of gallstones.

The study aims to investigate the association between hair copper (Cu) levels and fasting blood glucose(FBG) in permanent residents of the Xizang Plateau region, thereby establishing a scientific basis for developing early prevention and control strategies against diabetes mellitus in high-altitude populations.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among permanent residents of Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires, physical examinations, and biochemical assessments, with hair copper concentrations quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Logistic regression models were constructed to determine the independent associations between copper levels and both elevated FBG and hyperglycemia status. Furthermore, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling was implemented to explore potential nonlinear dose-response relationships between hair copper concentrations and glycemic indices.

A total of 456 participants were enrolled, stratified into three groups: 261 individuals with normal FBG, 137 with elevated FBG, and 58 with hyperglycemia. Logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with the low copper level group (Q1), participants in the moderate copper level groups (Q2 and Q3) had a significantly reduced risk of elevated fasting blood glucose (Model 3: Q2: OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.25-0.98; Q3: OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.24-0.95). Regarding the risk of hyperglycemia, compared with the low copper level group (Q1), participants in the Q2 group had a significantly reduced risk of hyperglycemia (Model 2: Q2: OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.16-0.95), while no significant effects were observed for the Q3 and Q4 groups. RCS model further indicated a nonlinear association between hair copper concentration and the risk of elevated FBG (P for nonlinearity =0.010), whereas the nonlinear trend with hyperglycemia risk was not significant (P for nonlinearity =0.387). After combining participants with elevated FBG and hyperglycemia, the risk of abnormal fasting blood glucose showed a nonlinear trend with increasing hair copper concentration (P for nonlinearity =0.008).

This study demonstrates that appropriate hair copper levels are significantly associated with a reduced risk of abnormal fasting blood glucose. However, this inverse association is abolished with copper excess, revealing a significant nonlinear relationship between hair copper concentration and the risk of abnormal fasting blood glucose.

To analyze the trends and projections of the burden of depressive disorders in China, Japan, the United States, and globally from 1990 to 2050, and to explore epidemiological characteristics in the context of population aging.

Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (ASDR), and age-standardized lived years with disability rate (ASYR) for depressive disorders during 1990—2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Trends were stratified by age and sex. The Nordpred model was used for projections to 2050. Differences were examined in relation to the socio-demographic index (SDI).

Global ASIR increased from 1990 to 2021. China showed a slight decline in ASIR but incident cases grew from 30.5 to 42.4 million. The United States had the highest burden, with a 56% increase in ASDR and an accelerated rise after 2010, while Japan remained relatively stable. The projections showed that ASIR and ASDR in the United States would continue to increase by 2050, and aging-driven case expansion in China and Japan. Global ASIR increased from 3 305.96 per 100 000 in 1990 to 4 212.34 per 100 000 in 2021. China showed slight declines in ASIR and ASPR, with ASPR decreasing from 3 071.84 per 100 000 to 2 875.68 per 100 000, but the number of incident cases increased to 42.36 million due to population size. The United States had the highest disease burden, with ASIR increasing to 6 782.80 per 100 000 and ASDR increasing to 1 010.70 per 100 000. Japan’s ASIR increased to 2 992.26 per 100 000. SDI was positively correlated with ASIR (r=0.367, P<0.001). Females consistently exhibited a higher burden, with the largest sex differences in the United States. Age-specific burden was concentrated among those aged 15-49 years in the United States and among those aged ≥70 years in China. In Japan, the burden was characterized by a dual-peak distribution among both young and older populations.

The burden of depressive disorders in China, Japan, and the United States is expected to increase under population aging, with distinct national patterns: rapid escalation in the United States, heavy absolute burden in China, and a dual-risk expansion toward both younger and older generations in Japan. Strengthening primary and community mental health services targeting females, older adults, and young populations is warranted.

To investigate the association between changes in intrinsic capacity (IC) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among middle-aged and older adults.

A total of 2 858 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011—2018 were included. IC impairment groups were constructed based on changes in five IC domains (locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological, and sensory) between 2011 and 2013. Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to assess the association between IC changes and CVD. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.

During the 7-year follow-up, 526 (18.4%) incident CVD events were recorded. Compared with the intact group, the hazard ratios (HRs) for incident CVD were 1.47 (95% CI: 1.09-1.99) for the improved group, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.09-1.86) for the persistently mildly impaired group, and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.28-2.37) for the persistently severely impaired group. Compared with the persistently impaired group, the risk of CVD was lower in the improved group (HR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.45-0.76). Subgroup analysis showed an interaction between IC changes and age (P for interaction <0.05).

Persistent IC impairment significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, with risk rising progressively according to the severity of impairment, whereas improvements in intrinsic capacity are associated with a reduced risk.

To characterize the serum metabolomic profile of hyperuricemia (HUA) in a natural population from Chongqing, identify gut microbiota-related metabolites among the differential metabolites, and explore their mediating role in the association between drinking frequency and HUA, so as to provide evidence for intervention.

This cross-sectional study was based on serum samples from 403 participants in Chongqing at the baseline stage of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort(CMEC) in Southwest China. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify serum metabolites. Differential metabolites were screened according to fold change and variable importance in projection (VIP), and pathway enrichment analysis was performed based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Gut microbiota-related metabolites were identified among the differential metabolites according to the literature and compound annotation, and were further screened using multiple linear regression. Correlation analyses were then conducted between these metabolites, clinical phenotypes, and drinking frequency. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to investigate the role of metabolites in the association between drinking frequency and HUA.

A total of 56 differential metabolites were identified, mainly enriched in primary bile acid biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and arginine biosynthesis. Multiple linear regression identified 15 gut microbiota-related metabolites with statistical significance, including indole-3-propionic acid and indoleacetylglutamine. Indoleacetylglutamine was positively correlated with uric acid, creatinine, and other clinical indicators, and showed a mediating effect (indirect effect: 0.006, 95% CI: 0.001-0.014; proportion mediated: 7.3%).

Patients with HUA exhibited alterations in their metabolic profile. The screened gut microbiota-related metabolites, such as indoleacetylglutamine, may play a role in the association between drinking frequency and HUA. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota and its related metabolites may help reduce HUA associated with drinking habits and metabolic alterations, and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for HUA patients with drinking habits.

To explore the relationship between the frailty index (FI) and the incidence of arthritis in middle-aged and elderly populations.

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, a total of 1 449 middle-aged and elderly individuals aged ≥45 years who were free of arthritis at baseline in 2011 were enrolled and followed up until 2020. The growth mixture model (GMM) was employed to identify the dynamic trajectories of the frailty index (FI) during the period from 2011 to 2015. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of baseline FI, cumulative average FI, and FI trajectories with the incidence of new-onset arthritis. Restricted cubic spline(RCS) was used to examine the dose-response relationship, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated.

During the follow-up period, 259 cases of new-onset arthritis were reported, with a cumulative incidence rate of 17.87%. The total number of follow-up person-years was 12 672.7 person-years. After adjusting for multiple covariates including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of chronic diseases, and laboratory test results, compared with the lowest baseline FI quartile, the highest baseline FI quartile was associated with a 185% increased risk of developing arthritis (HR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.85-4.40, P<0.001). In comparison with the lowest cumulative average FI quartile, the highest cumulative average FI quartile was linked to a 150% increased risk of arthritis (HR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.67-3.74, P<0.001). Additionally, relative to the group with stable low FI levels, the high-level increasing FI group showed a 150% higher risk of arthritis onset (HR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.82-3.43, P<0.001). RCS analysis demonstrated a linear positive correlation between baseline FI and arthritis incidence (P-nonlinear=0.071), whereas a nonlinear relationship was found between cumulative average FI and arthritis occurrence (P-nonlinear=0.019). Kaplan-Meier curves confirmed that the cumulative risk differences in arthritis incidence among the three exposure groups were statistically significant (Log-rank test, all P<0.001).

Frailty is an independent risk factor for the development of arthritis in middle-aged and elderly individuals. For middle-aged and elderly individuals with high FI,attention should be paid to the prevention and screening of arthritis.

To analyze the status and related factors of glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients in Anhui Province, providing a scientific basis for improving diabetes management outcomes.

A face-to-face questionnaire survey and blood glucose test were conducted among type 2 diabetes patients aged 30 and above in Anhui Province using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. The χ² test was used to compare the differences in glycemic control rates among patients with different characteristics, and an unconditional logistic regression model was applied to analyze the related factors of achieving glycemic control targets.

A total of 806 patients were surveyed, and 805 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the 805 patients, the male-to-female ratio was 1:1, the median age was 62 years, and the glycemic control rate was 49.57%. Living in rural areas (OR=0.679), timely preparation of medications in advance (OR=0.573), and experiencing adverse reactions after medication (OR=0.738) were negatively associated with achieving glycemic control targets among patients. Compared with patients with a disease duration of less than 5 years, those with a disease duration of 10 years or more had greater difficulty achieving glycemic control (OR=0.540). Consciously increasing exercise intensity or frequency was positively associated with achieving glycemic control targets (OR=1.360). The odds of achieving glycemic control targets among patients who had quit drinking were 2.732 times higher than those among current drinkers. (OR=2.732).

The glycemic control level among type 2 diabetes patients aged 30 and above in Anhui Province needs further improvement. Greater attention should be given to diabetes management in rural areas, and comprehensive prevention and control measures, including lifestyle interventions and scientific medication guidance, should be implemented to improve patients’ blood glucose levels.

To understand the current status of job burnout among mental disorder prevention and treatment workers in Tibet Autonomous Region and analyze its influencing factors.

A total of 200 participants attending the training course on assistance for mental disorder prevention and treatment in Tibet Autonomous Region, organized by Peking University Sixth Hospital in 2025, were surveyed using a self-designed general information questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). Burnout levels were assessed, and univariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and χ² test. Factors associated with burnout were identified using binary logistic regression.

A total of 185 valid questionnaires were collected. The detection rate of burnout among the respondents was 87.6% (162/185), with emotional exhaustion being the most prominent dimension, as 73.5% of respondents had moderate or higher levels. Multivariable analysis revealed that having a bachelor’s degree or higher was a protective factor against emotional exhaustion(OR=0.265, 95% CI: 0.121-0.582) and depersonalization (OR=0.354, 95% CI: 0.161-0.778). For each additional year of work experience in mental disorder prevention and treatment, the risk of overall burnout (OR=0.822, 95% CI: 0.693-0.976) and emotional exhaustion (OR=0.825, 95% CI: 0.703-0.967) decreased.

Job burnout is prevalent among mental disorder prevention and treatment practitioners in Tibet Autonomous Region. Higher education and longer work experience are important protective factors. It is recommended to implement interventions such as establishing a systematic and standardized on-the-job training system, conducting regular group psychological counseling and stress management training, and creating professional incentive and support mechanisms.

To analyze the risk factors affecting pneumoconiosis stages and the correlation between pneumoconiosis stages and respiratory complications.

The data were collected from pneumoconiosis patients admitted to West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University from 2018 to 2022. The risk factors affecting pneumoconiosis stages were studied by a multivariable ordinal logistic regression model, and the association between pneumoconiosis stages and respiratory complications was analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test.

A total of 564 cases were included in the study, including 144 cases (26%) of stage I, 119 cases (21%) of stage II, and 301 cases (53%) of stage III pneumoconiosis. The results of ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that a duration of dust exposure of more than 20 years (OR=2.380, 95% CI: 1.337-4.238) was a risk factor for higher pneumoconiosis stages (P<0.05). Better self-perception (OR=0.232, 95% CI: 0.086-0.624; OR=0.359, 95% CI: 0.140-0.921; OR=0.140, 95% CI: 0.054-0.360), and high body mass index (BMI≥28.0) (OR=0.391, 95% CI: 0.174-0.878) were protective factors for higher pneumoconiosis stages (P<0.05). The detection rate of respiratory complications was 89.72%. The detection rates of pulmonary tuberculosis (Z=5.495), pleural effusion (Z=2.122),pneumothorax (Z=2.710) and emphysema (Z=3.086) increased with the increase of pneumoconiosis stage, while the detection rate of bronchiectasis (Z=-4.472) decreased with the increase of pneumoconiosis stage (P<0.05).

Occupational disease history and psychological status of patients are important factors affecting the development of pneumoconiosis, and the incidence of respiratory complications increases with the increase of pneumoconiosis stages. Therefore, early prevention should be actively implemented, patients’psychological problems should be addressed, attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of respiratory complications, and the quality of life of patients should be improved.

To investigate the contamination status of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), and total arsenic(As) in nuts and seed foods sold in Jiangxi Province, assess the dietary exposure risks to residents, and provide a scientific basis for precise regulation.

A total of 99 samples belonging to 12 categories were collected from 11 cities in Jiangxi Province in November 2024. The contents of the five elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), exposure levels were calculated using a point-estimation model, and risk assessment was performed using the single-factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method.

The detection rates of Cr and As were both 100%, while those of Pb and Cd were 61.6% and 67.7%, respectively. Hg had the lowest detection rate of only 2.02%. Among all samples, only Cr exceeded the standard limit, with an exceedance rate of 4.0%. Pistachios showed relatively high contents of Pb and As. Sunflower seeds had the highest contents of Cr and Cd, with a Nemerow comprehensive pollution index of 4.1, indicating severe pollution. For adults with a daily intake of 5 g, the non-carcinogenic risks of all elements were controllable. However, the daily exposure dose of Pb [2.62 μg/(kg·bw·d)] significantly exceeded the benchmark dose lower confidence limit [BMDL01: 0.5-1.0 μg/(kg·bw·d)] established by JECFA.

These foods are generally safe, but Cr contamination in sunflower seeds and chronic Pb exposure risk for children are major potential risks. It is recommended to implement a four-in-one precise prevention and control strategy: “high-risk category targeting, speciation analysis, source control, and consumption guidance”.

To investigate the contamination characteristics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in mutton and its by-products sold in Lanzhou and assess the associated health risks through dietary exposure.

A total of 88 samples of mutton and sheep offal were collected. The presence of 25 PFAS was systematically analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and dietary exposure risks were evaluated using the hazard ratio (HR).

The overall detection rate of PFAS was 79.54%, with the most significant contamination observed in sheep liver, where the detection rate reached 100%. PFBA and PFOS were the predominant monomers detected. Under the current consumption pattern, the HRs for PFBA, PFOS, and PFDS in mutton and its by-products were all less than 1. The exposure risk of PFOS in sheep liver was significantly higher than that in other tissues, and the HR in children was approximately 2.4 times that in adults due to their lower body weight.

A total of 14 PFAS monomers were detected in the 88 mutton and sheep offal samples analyzed in this study. The overall contamination level was low, and the dietary risk assessment indicated no significant health risk to humans.

To investigate the effects of different vitamin D supplementation levels on blood glucose during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus based on cohort data.

A total of 766 pregnant women aged 30 years and above from a hospital in Chengdu were included as subjects. The primary exposure variable was the quintile grouping of vitamin D supplementation levels, while the outcome variables were gestational diabetes mellitus and changes in fasting plasma glucose during pregnancy. Multivariable regression models were used to analyze the association between these variables, with subgroup analyses conducted based on age and pre-pregnancy BMI.

Compared with the lowest quintile (Q1) group, appropriate vitamin D supplementation levels (Q2 and Q3 groups) reduced the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (Q2: OR=0.54, 95% CI:0.31-0.93; Q3: OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.28-0.94). Subgroup analysis indicated that among women aged 30-35 years and those with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI, compared with the Q1 group, those in the Q2 and Q3 groups had a lower risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (Q2: OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.27-0.94; Q3: OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.23-0.93). Further analysis revealed that starting vitamin D supplementation in early pregnancy was more beneficial for blood glucose control during pregnancy compared with starting in mid-pregnancy (β=-0.05, 95% CI: -0.09~-0.01).

This study indicates that a daily vitamin D supplementation level of 200 to 800 IU is associated with a lower risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. This effect is more pronounced in pregnant women aged 30 to 35 and those with a normal BMI before pregnancy. Additionally, starting vitamin D supplementation in the early stage of pregnancy is more beneficial for blood glucose control.

To analyze the current situation of household illuminance among preschool children in Kunshan City, and to explore the relationships between caregiver characteristics, parents’ educational levels, parents’ myopia status, and compliance with household illuminance standards.

A total of 1 512 preschool children from 8 kindergartens in Kunshan City were selected as the research subjects, and data such as the characteristics of caregivers, parents’ educational levels, and myopia status were collected. The TES-1332A illuminance meter was used to measure the illuminance of each space in the home in a standardized manner, and the χ² test was adopted to analyze the impact of different factors on compliance with household illuminance standards.

The illuminance in most family spaces did not meet the standards. The compliance rates from highest to lowest were bedroom 59.09% (468/792), study desk 39.42% (203/515), living room tabletop 24.07% (156/648), dining room tabletop 20.23% (121/598), living room 17.59% (155/881), bedroom tabletop 15.43% (50/324), and dining room 8.91% (70/786). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that after multivariable adjustment, caregiver type, caregiver and parental educational levels, and parental myopia status remained significantly associated with compliance with household illuminance standards. Compared with other caregivers, parental care was associated with increased compliance rates for bedroom and dining room tabletop illuminance, serving as a protective factor for qualified household illuminance in the above areas (bedroom: OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.07-2.06, P=0.019; dining room tabletop: OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.13-3.29, P=0.017). In terms of educational level, taking caregivers with senior high school education or below as the reference group, caregivers with a college degree or above were correlated with the increased compliance rate of illuminance in bedrooms and dining room tabletop, which were identified as protective factors (bedroom: OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.15-2.12, P=0.004; dining room tabletop: OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.04-2.67, P=0.033). With parents having senior high school education or below as the reference, parental education of college degree or above was associated with higher compliance rate of bedroom illuminance and acted as a protective factor for qualified bedroom illuminance (OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.32-3.99, P=0.014). In addition, compared with children of non-myopic parents, children with both myopic parents showed a higher compliance rate of living room tabletop illuminance, and bilateral parental myopia was a protective factor for qualified living room tabletop illuminance (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.09-3.33, P=0.038).

Overall compliance with household illuminance standards among preschool children in Kunshan City is relatively poor, and it is closely related to caregiver characteristics, parental education level and parental myopia status. Improving the family lighting environment, especially carrying out targeted interventions for high-risk families, may help in the prevention and control of childhood myopia.

To understand the level of postpartum depression literacy among women in Guiyang within 0-6 months postpartum, and to analyze the latent profile categories of postpartum depression literacy, in order to effectively carry out mental health services.

The communities were selected through multi-stage stratified random sampling, and 1 088 subjects were continuously included in the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted using general information, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLis). A latent profile analysis was performed on postpartum depression literacy, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.

The positive rate of postpartum depression symptoms was 14.5%. The total score of postpartum depression literacy was 3.29 (3.00, 3.58) points. The postpartum depression literacy of the mothers was divided into three latent classes: the low literacy group (5.97%), the medium literacy group (47.88%), and the high literacy group (46.14%). Younger maternal age (OR=3.282, 95% CI: 1.130-9.534), high school education (OR=2.296, 95% CI: 1.080-4.880), and low monthly per capita family income (OR=2.385, 95% CI: 1.050-5.420) were risk factors for the low literacy group, while participating in relevant courses (OR=0.673, 95% CI: 0.472-0.959) was a protective factor for the high literacy group (P<0.05).

There is heterogeneity in postpartum depression literacy among women. Special attention should be paid to women with younger maternal age, low educational level, low family economic level, and no participation in maternity school courses. Interventions can be implemented based on the characteristics and influencing factors of different latent classes to improve postpartum depression literacy and prevent the occurrence of postpartum depression.

To examine the association between different gestational weight gain (GWG) patterns and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to identify high-risk weight gain characteristics that may inform GWG management and early prevention of GDM.

A prospective cohort study was conducted among 312 pregnant women who completed follow-up at the Obstetrics Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical College between January 2022 and December 2024. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations, and based on pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI) and weight changes across the first, second, and third trimesters, latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to classify GWG trajectories into three patterns: steady-appropriate, moderately rapid, and persistently rapid. GDM was diagnosed using the results of a 24-28-week oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess the independent associations between GWG patterns and GDM, and model performance was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

The overall incidence of GDM was 22.44% (70/312). Among all participants, 55.13% (172/312) showed a steady-appropriate GWG pattern, 31.09% (97/312) showed a moderately rapid pattern, and 13.78% (43/312) showed a persistently rapid pattern, with corresponding GDM incidences of 14.53% (25/172), 29.90% (29/97), and 37.21% (16/43), respectively (P<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that compared with the steady-appropriate pattern, the moderately rapid pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM(OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.02-2.77, P=0.041), and the persistently rapid pattern showed a stronger association (OR=2.95, 95% CI:1.54-5.64, P=0.001). Pre-pregnancy BMI (OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21), family history of diabetes (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.13-4.00), and low physical activity level (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.04-3.44) were also independently associated with GDM (all P<0.05). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated good model fit (P=0.537). The area under the ROC curve was 0.781 (95% CI: 0.726-0.835), with a sensitivity of 72.86% and a specificity of 73.44%.

GWG patterns are closely associated with GDM. Monitoring abnormal weight gain trends during pregnancy may have indicative value for metabolic health management.

To explore the current situation of sleep duration among primary and secondary school students and its relationship with overweight and obesity, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students.

A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey and physical examination among 10 120 primary and secondary school students in Xuchang City, Henan Province from September to December 2024. Analysis of variance, χ² test, logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline(RCS) model and other statistical methods were applied to explore the association between sleep duration and overweight/obesity in primary and secondary school students.

There were 1 625 people who were overweight (accounting for 16.06%)and 1 580 people who were obese (accounting for 15.61%). The rates of overweight and obesity among males were higher than those among females (χ²=191.19, P<0.001). The obesity rate among primary school students was higher than that among junior high school and senior high school students (P<0.0167). The obesity rate of primary and secondary school students who consumed sugar-sweetened beverages at least once a day on average in the past 7 days was higher than that of those who never consumed them (P<0.0167). The rates of overweight and obesity among primary school students with severely insufficient sleep were higher than those among students with sufficient sleep (χ²=13.060, P=0.011). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that compared with students with sufficient sleep, severely insufficient sleep during the primary school stage was a high-risk factor for obesity (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.03-1.92). The results of RCS analysis indicated that there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between sleep duration and obesity rate among primary school students (P_{total trend}<0.001, P_non-linear=0.039),and the optimal sleep duration was 9.50 hours.

The influence of sleep duration on overweight and obesity varies by educational stage. Controlling sleep time to 9.5 hours during the primary school stage is a key window for preventing overweight and obesity. During the secondary school stage, a comprehensive intervention strategy that emphasizes both academic pressure management and a healthy lifestyle should be adopted to reduce the occurrence of overweight and obesity.

To develop and validate a risk assessment model for kidney damage in community-dwelling patients with essential hypertension.

A total of 2 338 patients with essential hypertension from four community health service centers affiliated with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang) were retrospectively enrolled between January and December 2025. They were randomly divided into a training set (n=1 637) and a validation set (n=701) in a 7:3 ratio. Relevant clinical data were collected. After variable screening using univariate analysis, LASSO regression, and multivariable regression analysis, risk assessment models were constructed using seven machine learning algorithms. Model performance was evaluated on the validation set using metrics including accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC). The importance of individual variables was assessed using SHapley additive exPlanations (SHAP)values.

Univariate analysis revealed that 28 variables, including age and sex, were associated with kidney damage (P<0.05). Lasso regression screened and retained seven feature variables. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed that male sex(OR=0.168, 95% CI: 0.113-0.250), age (OR=1.155, 95% CI: 1.133-1.178), history of alcohol consumption (OR=1.604, 95%CI: 1.415-2.879), urine occult blood (OR=1.923, 95% CI: 1.230-3.010), red blood cell count (OR=0.702, 95% CI: 0.508-0.968), and uric acid (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.008-1.012) were independent risk factors for kidney damage (P<0.05). The AUC values for all models exceeded 0.80. The support vector machine (SVM) demonstrated relatively better performance (AUC=0.85), with balanced performance across various metrics. SHAP value analysis indicated that age, sex, and uric acid level were key features influencing model predictions, and nonlinear interaction effects were observed among the variables.

Male sex, age, history of alcohol consumption, urine occult blood, red blood cell count, and uric acid are independent risk factors for kidney damage in community-dwelling patients with essential hypertension. The SVM model constructed using these variables exhibits good predictive performance and holds potential clinical application value.

To investigate the correlation and dose-response relationship between the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and the incidence of stroke.

A prospective cohort study design was employed to compare differences in demographic characteristics, behavioral lifestyles, family history, and blood biochemical results between individuals who developed stroke and those who did not. All subjects were divided into four groups, Q1 to Q4, based on the quartiles of TyG-BMI in ascending order. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the association between TyG-BMI and stroke risk, calculating the hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). A Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) model was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between TyG-BMI and stroke risk. After the RCS analysis suggested a nonlinear trend, we further utilized the segmented package in R software to perform piecewise Cox regression to identify the threshold effect. The goodness of fit of the models was compared using the Davies test and the likelihood ratio test.

This study included 17 173 subjects with a median follow-up time of 19.5 years. During the follow-up period, 2 374 new stroke cases occurred, with an incidence density of 805 per 100 000 person-years. Significant differences(P<0.05) were observed between the stroke group and the non-stroke group in terms of age, education level, income, physical activity intensity, history of hypertension, family history of stroke, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP),body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and TyG-BMI. After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of stroke gradually increased with rising TyG-BMI levels (P<0.001). Compared to the Q1 group, the risk of new-onset stroke increased by 18.1% (HR=1.181, 95% CI: 1.037-1.346), 33.3% (HR=1.333, 95% CI: 1.171-1.517), and 57.0% (HR=1.570, 95% CI: 1.366-1.804) in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups, respectively. The RCS analysis showed a positive association between TyG-BMI and stroke risk (P for overall <0.05), and a non-linear dose-response relationship was identified (P for non-linearity <0.05). Piecewise Cox regression identified a threshold value of 214.3,and the likelihood ratio test confirmed that the piecewise model had a significantly better fit than the traditional linear model (P=0.037). On both sides of the threshold, each unit increase in TyG-BMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke (below the threshold: HR=1.151, 95% CI: 1.032-1.325, P<0.001; above the threshold: HR=1.232, 95% CI: 1.085-1.418,P<0.001).

TyG-BMI exhibits a nonlinear dose-response relationship with the risk of stroke, with a significant threshold effect identified at 214.3. The risk of stroke increased more markedly when TyG-BMI exceeded this threshold. TyG-BMI may serve as a simple indicator for stroke risk screening in rural community populations.

To classify cross-district/county medical visits into upward flow (from low-GDP districts to high-GDP districts) and downward flow (from high-GDP districts to low-GDP districts), analyze their influencing factors and differences from overall cross-district/county visits, and provide theoretical support for optimal allocation of medical resources.

Data were obtained from the front pages of medical records of inpatients in Sichuan Province in 2022. Taking inpatients as the study subjects, two types of cross-district/county medical visits were classified. Geographic information software was used for spatial visualization, and a two-level random intercept logistic regression model was applied to analyze influencing factors from patient, institutional and regional dimensions.

In 2022, the proportion of cross-district/county hospitalization in Sichuan was 29.20%, including 23.37% upward flow and 5.83% downward flow. Maintenance chemotherapy for malignant tumors accounted for the highest proportion in overall (4.97%) and upward flow (6.67%), while schizophrenia (2.69%) ranked first in downward flow. West China Hospital of Sichuan University in Wuhou District was the top choice for overall (5.69%) and upward flow (7.10%), and Chengdu Second People’s Hospital in Jinjiang District was preferred for downward flow (7.92%). The effects of occupation type, medical insurance and other individual factors became more significant after distinguishing the two flows.

Upward and downward cross-district/county medical visits showed distinct demand differences: the former pursues high-quality medical services, while the latter mainly focuses on rehabilitation and other needs. Local governments should strengthen specialized or primary care services based on patient outflow and resource conditions, improve the rate of seeking care within the county, and promote the efficient, fair and sustainable development of the medical service system.

To reveal the complex associations among six domains of health literacy among residents in Chengdu using network analysis, and to identify differences and key nodes in health literacy networks between urban and rural residents.

Participants were recruited using a multi-stage sampling design with probability proportional to size (PPS). A total of 6 450 participants aged 15-69 years were enrolled. Health literacy and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using the National Residents’ Health Literacy Surveillance Questionnaire (Health Statistics Form No. 115). R 4.4.1 was used to conduct statistical analysis.

Among six domains of health literacy, the possession rates of Scientific Health Perspectives, Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Safety and First Aid, Basic Healthcare, and Health Information were 61.49%, 36.39%, 38.96%, 63.45%, 39.68%, 50.32% among urban residents, and 52.73%, 35.93%, 36.00%, 52.36%, 39.07%, 38.85% among rural residents. Network comparison showed differences in network structure and global strength between urban and rural residents. The strongest correlations in both urban and rural networks were between Scientific Health Perspectives and Safety and First Aid (urban: 1.489, rural: 1.386). Additionally, the associations between Scientific Health Perspectives and Chronic Disease Prevention and Management (urban: 1.047, rural:0.752), as well as between Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and Basic Healthcare (urban: 0.997, rural: 0.495), were stronger in urban areas than in rural areas. In contrast, the correlations between Scientific Health Perspectives and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (rural: 0.917, urban: 0.675), Scientific Health Perspectives and Basic Healthcare (rural: 1.310, urban: 0.863), Chronic Disease Prevention and Management and Basic Healthcare (rural: 1.225, urban: 0.870), and Chronic Disease Prevention and Management and Health Information (rural: 1.257, urban: 1.009) were stronger in rural areas than in urban areas. The centrality strength values for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, and Basic Healthcare differed between urban and rural networks (P<0.05).

Health literacy levels among rural residents still require comprehensive improvement, while persistent gaps remain in urban areas regarding literacy in Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, and Basic Healthcare. To enhance the overall health literacy level, tailored strategies are needed for different settings.

To analyze the relationship between learning stress and emotional eating behavior among first-year medical graduate students, with the aim of providing a reference for health education for first-year medical graduate students.

A total of 1 583 first-year medical graduate students in Guizhou Province were selected using stratified cluster random sampling, and questionnaire surveys were conducted using the Emotional Eating Behavior Scale, the Postgraduate Learning Stress Questionnaire, the Social Support Scale, and the Eating Attitude Test. Taking learning stress as the independent variable, emotional eating behavior as the dependent variable, and social support and eating attitude as the mediating variables, a chained mediation model was constructed.

There were significant differences in emotional eating behavior scores among first-year medical graduate students based on gender, smoking, and family relationships (t=-3.998, P<0.001; t=2.521, P=0.012; F=4.344, P=0.013). Learning stress had a direct effect on emotional eating behavior (B=0.078). Social support and eating attitude had a chained mediation effect between learning stress and emotional eating behavior, accounting for 4.76% (B=0.008).

Learning stress can be directly associated with emotional eating behavior, and can also be indirectly associated with emotional eating behavior through the independent mediating effects or chained mediating effects of social support and eating attitude.

To systematically analyse the current status and methodological characteristics of discrete choice experiment (DCE) in colorectal cancer screening.

A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Chinese and English databases were searched from inception to February 2025. Included studies were analysed in terms of attribute sources, attribute categories, attribute-setting methods, and experimental design.

A total of 40 studies were included. The number of publications showed an overall increasing trend, while relevant studies in mainland China remain lacking. Attribute development was mainly based on literature review combined with other methods. Attributes were classified into five categories, among which sensitivity, pre-screening preparation, and cost were the main preference attributes. Most studies included 4-6 attributes with 2-4 levels. In terms of experimental design, orthogonal and fractional factorial designs were most commonly used. Multinomial logit and mixed logit models were the main analytical methods. Some studies used multiple models or software for analysis.

Current DCE studies on colorectal cancer screening mainly adopt conventional designs and commonly used models, with relatively concentrated attribute settings. Future studies should strengthen local research and develop attribute systems suited to population needs, so as to provide a basis for demand-oriented screening strategies and to improve participation in primary-level screening.

To investigate the association between different obesity phenotypes and the risk of dementia in an elderly health examination population.

Based on the health examination database of the Health Management (Examination) Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2015 to 2025, participants were categorized according to body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health status into four groups: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese(MUO). The Fine-Gray competing risk model was used to evaluate the association between different obesity phenotypes and the cumulative risk of dementia, and subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

A total of 42 915 participants were eventually included, consisting of 17 015 in the MHNO group, 7 520 in the MHO group, 8 480 in the MUNO group, and 9 900 in the MUO group. Fine-Gray competing risk model analysis showed that, using the MHNO group as the reference, the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia(VD)showed an increasing trend with the severity of metabolic abnormalities and obesity. After full adjustment for confounding factors, the SHR(95% CI) for all-cause dementia was 1.102 (1.040-1.226) in the MHO group, 1.392 (1.257-1.542) in the MUNO group, and 1.725 (1.571-1.894) in the MUO group, with similar gradients observed for AD and VD risks. The results of sensitivity analysis were consistent with the main analysis.

A significant gradient association was observed between different obesity phenotypes and dementia risk, demonstrating a sequential increase in dementia risk with the severity of metabolic abnormalities and obesity. These findings highlight the need to prioritize the MUO population in dementia prevention and implement stratified intervention strategies for different phenotypes.

To investigate the preventive effect and potential mechanism of intervention with Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) isolates on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in mice.

Forty 6-8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group, an HX003 group, and an HX004 group. After 4 weeks of prophylactic intervention, acute colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The pathological changes of colon and spleen tissues in each group were observed, the serum LPS level was determined, and the mRNA transcription levels and protein expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in mouse colon tissues were detected. The colonic contents of mice were collected, and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the structure and abundance changes of the intestinal flora.

Prophylactic intervention with AKK isolates alleviated colonic inflammation in mice to a certain extent. Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in mice exhibited a decreasing trend (HX003, P=0.228). Both transcription and expression of IL-6 in colonic tissue showed downward trends. The transcription level of the pro- inflammatory cytokine IL-1β was significantly decreased (HX003, P<0.05), accompanied by a downward trend in its protein expression. In contrast, the transcription level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was markedly upregulated (HX003, P<0.001), with an increasing trend observed in its expression. Compared with the model group, the intervention groups displayed an upward trend in gut microbial diversity and a downward trend in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.

AKK isolates alleviate colonic inflammation in mice with acute colitis to a certain extent and improve the diversity and structure of their intestinal flora.

To analyze the weekend/holiday attenuation and delayed reporting effects of notifiable infectious diseases in Shapingba district, Chongqing from 2015 to 2024, and to provide evidence for improving the quality of infectious disease reporting in medical institutions.

Data on reported notifiable infectious disease cases in Shapingba District from 2015 to 2024 were collected from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System of the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Statistical analyses were performed using R 4.4.2. Pearson χ² tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were employed for inter-group comparisons, while negative binomial regression and linear regression were applied to assess attenuation and delayed reporting effects.

Significant weekend/holiday attenuation and delayed reporting effects were observed for notifiable infectious diseases in Shapingba district. The daily average number of reports during weekends, short holidays, and long holidays decreased by 62.15%, 60.37%, and 69.38%, respectively, compared to workdays. The attenuation effect weakened for weekends and short holidays during 2023—2024. Compared with workdays, the time from diagnosis to reporting was prolonged by an average of 2.58 hours, 2.18 hours, and 2.60 hours. The weekend/holiday reporting delay effect weakened from 2020 to 2022, but re-emerged after 2023. Tertiary healthcare institutions exhibited the most pronounced weekend/holiday attenuation and delayed reporting effects.

Significant weekend/holiday attenuation and delayed reporting effects persist in Shapingba district, particularly in tertiary healthcare institutions. Medical institutions should strengthen the management of infectious disease reporting during weekends and holidays.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and temporal variation trends of active surveillance for foodborne diseases in Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating precise prevention and control strategies.

Active surveillance data from 2015 to 2024 were extracted from the Shanxi Provincial Foodborne Disease Pathogenic Factor and Etiological Food Traceability Platform. Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0 software was used to analyze the long-term temporal trend of foodborne disease detection rate. Annual percentage change(APC), average annual percentage change (AAPC), monthly percentage change (MPC), and average monthly percentage change(AMPC) were adopted to analyze the annual and monthly temporal trends of detection rate. Meanwhile, the distribution and trend characteristics of detection rate by gender and age group were analyzed, and stratified analysis was conducted according to pathogen type to describe the temporal trend distribution of pathogens.

A total of 18 621 cases were monitored from 2015 to 2024, with 3 973 positive samples, and the total detection rate was 21.336%. The detection rate of foodborne diseases showed a significant upward trend from 2015 to 2024 (AAPC=9.8%, 95% CI: 3.9%-16.0%, P=0.004). The detection rate showed a significant downward trend with increasing age (AAPC=-10.0%, P<0.001). The detection rates in the 0-10 years and >70-80 years age groups showed a significant upward trend over time (AAPCs were 10.6% and 16.8%, respectively, all P<0.001). The monthly trend showed significant phased characteristics. The Joinpoint model identified two inflection points in May and September: the detection rate increased significantly from January to May (MPC=16.6%, P=0.040), decreased non-significantly from May to September (MPC=-4.4%, P=0.306), and decreased significantly from September to December (MPC=-22.5%, P=0.025). The average monthly trend of the whole stage was not statistically significant (AMPC=-2.9%, P=0.330). Among the pathogens, Salmonella and Norovirus showed a significant upward trend from 2015 to 2024, with AAPCs of 19.1%and 9.0%, respectively. Bacterial pathogens showed a significant upward trend from January to August and a significant downward trend from August to December. The detection rate of Norovirus showed a continuous and significant downward trend in monthly changes (MPC=-7.5%, P=0.013).

The detection rate of foodborne diseases in Shanxi Province showed a significant upward trend from 2015 to 2024, and there were differences in temporal trend characteristics among different genders and age groups. It is suggested to improve the monitoring system and formulate precise prevention and control measures for key populations, key places and different seasons to reduce the risk of foodborne diseases.

Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is a common benign tumor among women of reproductive age. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is closely linked to metabolic and endocrine dysregulation, but its causal relationship with UL remains unclear. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential causal association between ALT and UL.

Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry, we performed two-sample MR to evaluate the causal effect of ALT on UL risk. We first conducted univariable MR and then performed multivariable MVMR analyses adjusting for body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glycemic traits, lipid profiles, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and lifestyle-related factors to estimate the independent effect of ALT. Reverse MR (UL→ALT) was applied to assess directionality. Colocalization analyses were further performed to test whether ALT and UL share causal variants at key loci.

Univariable MR showed that genetically predicted higher ALT levels were associated with an increased risk of UL (OR=1.125, P=0.012; OR=1.143, P=0.007). In MVMR, the positive effect of ALT on UL remained robust after adjustment for multiple metabolic, hormonal, and lifestyle-related factors (OR=1.110-1.139; P=0.008-0.045). Reverse MR provided no evidence supporting a causal effect of UL on ALT. Colocalization analyses identified strong evidence of shared causal variants between ALT and UL at loci including HSPA4 and ATF1 (PP.H4>0.8).

This study provides multi-layered genetic evidence that elevated ALT independently increases the risk of UL, suggesting that hepatic metabolic dysfunction may contribute to UL development through pathways involving sex hormone metabolism and metabolic inflammation. As an easily accessible clinical marker, ALT may have potential value for risk prediction and early warning of UL.

To investigate the diagnostic value of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its combination with waist circumference (TyG-WC), waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), body mass index (TyG-BMI) and relative fat mass (RFM) index for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in perimenopausal women.

A total of 448 perimenopausal women who visited the Guizhou Hospital of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March 2022 to November 2024 were selected. They were divided into the NAFLD group (n=61) and the control group (n=387) based on the results of chest or abdominal CT. The data of age, height, weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood routine, blood biochemistry, fasting blood glucose, etc. were collected. The body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, TyG-BMI and RFM index were calculated. According to the results of chest or abdominal CT, the women were divided into NAFLD group and control group. The differences of each index between the two groups were compared by independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test. The independent risk factors for NAFLD were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of TyG index, its combined indices and RFM index for NAFLD.

There were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in weight, BMI, WC, WHtR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, TyG-BMI, and RFM between the NAFLD group and the control group of perimenopausal women. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that TyG (OR=2.860, 95% CI: 1.900-4.305), TyG-WC(OR=1.011, 95% CI: 1.008-1.014), TyG-WHtR (OR=3.491, 95% CI: 2.077-5.868), TyG-BMI (OR=1.018, 95% CI: 1.009-1.028), and RFM (OR=1.172, 95% CI: 1.074-1.279) were all independent risk factors for NAFLD in perimenopausal women (P<0.001). The ROC curve showed that the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for diagnosing NAFLD in perimenopausal women by TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, TyG-BMI, and RFM were 0.779 (95% CI: 0.719-0.839), 0.814 (95% CI: 0.769-0.859), 0.804(95% CI: 0.758-0.851), 0.795 (95% CI: 0.746-0.844), and 0.735 (95% CI: 0.675-0.794), respectively, and the optimal cut-off values were 8.888, 687.312, 4.385, 215.743, and 37.104. The AUC values followed the order TyG-related indices > TyG >RFM, and among the TyG-related indices, the AUC values of TyG-WC and TyG-WHtR were the largest (especially TyG-WC), both of which were greater than those of TyG-BMI.

The TyG index and its combined indices, as well as the RFM index, are all good diagnostic indicators for NAFLD in perimenopausal women. Among them, the diagnostic value of the TyG combined indices is greater than that of the TyG index and the RFM index. Among the TyG combined indices, TyG-WC and TyG-WHtR showed the greatest diagnostic value, especially TyG-WC. The results of this study provide a reference for the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of NAFLD in perimenopausal women.

This study aims to explore pathways for cultivating public health professionals through medical-preventive integration under the Healthy China Strategy and to construct a public health education system aligned with the demands of the new era.

This paper systematically reviews the practical explorations of medical-preventive integration education reform in domestic universities through case studies. Using West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University as a case study, we analyzed its innovative approaches in curriculum design, practical training, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

By leveraging the integrated governance model of university and hospital, the institution has actively explored a training model for interdisciplinary public health professionals through educational reform and innovative practices, including launching an innovative training program in medical-preventive integration, developing specialized courses and a series of textbooks, enhancing comprehensive medical skills training for public health students, and establishing deep-integration research platforms. These measures have produced significant outcomes, yielding replicable and scalable experiences in educational reform.

Under the Healthy China Strategy, fostering public health professionals through medical-preventive integration necessitates breaking down traditional disciplinary barriers, deepening collaboration between preventive and clinical medicine, and building a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and compound talent cultivation system.