To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and temporal variation trends of active surveillance for foodborne diseases in Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating precise prevention and control strategies.

Active surveillance data from 2015 to 2024 were extracted from the Shanxi Provincial Foodborne Disease Pathogenic Factor and Etiological Food Traceability Platform. Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0 software was used to analyze the long-term temporal trend of foodborne disease detection rate. Annual percentage change(APC), average annual percentage change (AAPC), monthly percentage change (MPC), and average monthly percentage change(AMPC) were adopted to analyze the annual and monthly temporal trends of detection rate. Meanwhile, the distribution and trend characteristics of detection rate by gender and age group were analyzed, and stratified analysis was conducted according to pathogen type to describe the temporal trend distribution of pathogens.

A total of 18 621 cases were monitored from 2015 to 2024, with 3 973 positive samples, and the total detection rate was 21.336%. The detection rate of foodborne diseases showed a significant upward trend from 2015 to 2024 (AAPC=9.8%, 95% CI: 3.9%-16.0%, P=0.004). The detection rate showed a significant downward trend with increasing age (AAPC=-10.0%, P<0.001). The detection rates in the 0-10 years and >70-80 years age groups showed a significant upward trend over time (AAPCs were 10.6% and 16.8%, respectively, all P<0.001). The monthly trend showed significant phased characteristics. The Joinpoint model identified two inflection points in May and September: the detection rate increased significantly from January to May (MPC=16.6%, P=0.040), decreased non-significantly from May to September (MPC=-4.4%, P=0.306), and decreased significantly from September to December (MPC=-22.5%, P=0.025). The average monthly trend of the whole stage was not statistically significant (AMPC=-2.9%, P=0.330). Among the pathogens, Salmonella and Norovirus showed a significant upward trend from 2015 to 2024, with AAPCs of 19.1%and 9.0%, respectively. Bacterial pathogens showed a significant upward trend from January to August and a significant downward trend from August to December. The detection rate of Norovirus showed a continuous and significant downward trend in monthly changes (MPC=-7.5%, P=0.013).

The detection rate of foodborne diseases in Shanxi Province showed a significant upward trend from 2015 to 2024, and there were differences in temporal trend characteristics among different genders and age groups. It is suggested to improve the monitoring system and formulate precise prevention and control measures for key populations, key places and different seasons to reduce the risk of foodborne diseases.