To conduct a systematic analysis of the safety risks associated with edible agricultural products by applying statistical methods.

Based on the supervision and sampling inspection data of edible agricultural products in 18 areas of Beijing in 2025 released by the State Administration for Market Regulation, 7 common kinds of edible agricultural products including hot pepper, celery, scallion, ginger, pork, eggs and marine fish were selected as the study objects for safety risk analysis. The binomial test with 2 benchmarks set at p₀=0.99, p₀=0.95 was adopted to classify risk levels, and special analysis was conducted focusing on the residue profiles of prohibited and restricted pesticides, veterinary drugs and heavy metals. Meanwhile, the Chi-square test was used to conduct statistical analysis on the risk differences among different varieties and the residue level differences in different regions.

The overall nonconformance rate of the selected 7 kinds of food was 0.15% (3/1942), and only scallion and egg were non-compliant, with pesticide thiamethoxam and veterinary drug florfenicol (the sum of florfenicol and florfenicol amine combined) respectively. The binomial test identified 2 kinds of potential high-risk varieties (hot pepper and celery,P<0.05 at p₀=0.99) and 5 kinds of potential medium-risk varieties (scallion, ginger, pork, egg and marine fish, P<0.05 at p₀=0.95), with no low-risk varieties found. The Chi-square test indicated no significant difference in risks among the categories (χ²=9.6135, df=6, P=0.1419>0.05). The detection rate of thiamethoxam in scallions was 12.8% (34/266) and the excess rate was 0.75% (2/266), and the excessive samples were concentrated in Fangshan District; only 1 sample of egg was excessive in florfenicol (0.44%, 1/226), which was also from Fangshan District. Regional difference analysis showed that the detection rate of thiamethoxam in scallion in Fangshan District (34.4%) was significantly higher than that in Fengtai District (3.8%), and statistically significant regional differences existed in the detection rate of florfenicol in eggs (P<0.05).

The safety risk analysis method for edible agricultural products based on the binomial test and Chi-square test constructed in this study can effectively make up for the defect that traditional risk assessment overrelies on the actual nonconformance rate, and provide a reliable statistical tool for the risk classification and precise supervision of the quality and safety of edible agricultural products. The study results can provide data support for market supervision departments to optimize sampling inspection schemes. It is suggested that the sampling inspection frequency should be increased for potentially high-risk varieties. Meanwhile special rectification of pesticide residues should be carried out on scallion products, the source control in key areas and the supervision in circulation links should be strengthened, so as to effectively ensure the quality and safety of edible agricultural products and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

To establish a method for determination of the residual levels of 2 kinds of ultraviolet absorbers in new food contact materials.

The sample was firsty frozen and crushed, and then extracted under ultrasonic extraction at room temperature for 60 min, by using dichloromethane as the extraction solvent. After being extracted twice repeatedly, the sample was analyzed with gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry.By setting the programmed heating conditions, the analysis was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)mode, and quantified by using internal standard method.

The working curves of these 2 kinds of ultraviolet absorbers drometrizole (UV-P) and bumetrizole (UV-326) showed a good linear relationship (r² greater than 0.99), with a limit of detection as low as 0.03 mg/kg. The recovery rate addition experiment showed that the recovery rates ranged from 89.2% to 102.1%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 1.9% and 5.6%.

This method shows a low limit of detection and high accuracy, which can meet the detection requirements for UV-P and UV-326 residues in plant fibers/polypropylene materials. This method can provide technical support for the risk control of food packaging which is composed of biodegradable plant fiber/polypropylene materials. The residual results indicate that the detection rates of these 2 kinds of ultraviolet absorbers in plant fiber/polypropylene materials are relatively high, and further attention should be paid to their migration risks.

To develop a rapid detecting heavy metal mercury and lead residues in Asparagus officinalis L. by latex microsphere immunochromatographic test strips.

Heavy metal mercury and lead antibodies were conjugated to latex microspheres. Nitrocellulose membranes were coated with heavy metal mercury and lead antigens as the test line (T line) and goat anti-mouse antibody as the control line (C line). After optimizing conditions, sensitivity, specificity and stability were evaluated, followed by testing Asparagus officinalis L. samples.

The optimal antibody concentration for mercury detection was 40 μg/mL, with an optimal coating antigen mass concentration of 0.5 mg/mL.optimal probe volume of 3 μL, optimal detection pH of 7, minimum limit of detection 0.28 ng/mL, half-inhibition rate of 5.60 ng/mL and quantitative range of 1.00–50.00 ng/mL. For lead detection, the optimal antibody concentration was 40 μg/mL, with an optimal coating stock mass concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, optimal probe addition volume of 4 μL, optimal detection pH of 6, minimum limit of detection was 0.29 ng/mL, half-inhibition rate of 2.15 ng/mL and quantitative range of 0.10–10.00 ng/mL. Both latex microsphere immunochromatographic test strips demonstrated good specificity and could be stored for over one year.

This study successfully develope a rapid test strip for heavy metals mercury and lead based on latex microsphere immunochromatography technology. It exhibits high specificity and sensitivity, making it suitable for on-site screening of mercury and lead residues in Asparagus officinalis L..

To investigate and analyze the contamination status of 27 kinds of elements and inorganic arsenic in seaweed and their products from markets in Hebei Province, and conduct risk exposure assessment.

nductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-ICP-MS (HPLC-ICP-MS) were employed to detect multiple elements and inorganic arsenic in 50 samples of seaweed and their products from markets in Hebei Province. Statistical analysis was performed on the detection results. Health risk assessment was conducted using internationally recognized evaluation indicators, including the Nemerow pollution index method, target hazard quotient (THQ), total target hazard quotient (TTHQ), carcinogenic risk (CR), exposure assessment and consumption recommendations.

All 27 kinds of elements and inorganic arsenic were detected,with 22 kinds of elements being fully detected. The lead exceedance rate was 14.6%. The highest single-factor pollution index of nori was Cr (at 1.88), indicating mild pollution. Among the 13 kinds of elements, the THQ of all elements except As was significantly less than 1. The TTHQ of 3 kinds of dried algae species ranked from highest to lowest as porphyra>wakame>kombu, and were all less than 1, indicating no significant adverse impact on human health.

The pollution status of 50 algal samples and their products is relatively safe. However, the comprehensive pollution index of Porphyra reached a mild pollution level. Except for As, both THQ and TTHQ were less than 1,indicating that long-term intake poses no potential health risks to humans.

To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 6 kinds of pesticide residues in Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. by QuEChERS-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The pulverized Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. samples were homogeneously extracted with ethyl acetate-acetonitrile solution (1:99, V:V). Magnesium sulfate anhydrous, primary secondary amine and octadecylsilane bonded silica gel sorbents were used for purification. The 6 kinds of pesticide residues in Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry under positive electrospray ionization mode, and quantified via matrix-matched external standard method.

The 6 kinds of pesticides exhibited good linear relationships within the mass concentration range of 2–100 ng/mL,with all coefficients of determination greater than 0.995. The limits of detection were 0.07–0.46 μg/kg, and the limits of quantitation were 0.14–0.91 μg/kg. At 3 spiked concentration levels, the overall average recoveries of the 6 kinds of pesticides ranged from 90.4% to 100.7%, and the relative standard deviations (n=6) were 0.8%–2.3% (all less than 15%).

This method is rapid, efficient, accurate with favorable precision and sensitivity. It can meet the requirements for quantitative analysis of the 6 kinds of pesticide residues in Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.,and provides fundamental technical support for monitoring the edible quality safety and medicinal quality consistency of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.

To conduct bi-objective optimization for the sensory properties and chlorogenic acid content of Lonicera japonica and Siraitia grosvenorii tea, determine the optimal processing parameters.

Single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface design were firstly applied to explore the extraction process of Lonicera japonica. On this basis, response surface methodology combined with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm was adopted to perform the bi-objective optimization of Lonicera japonica and Siraitia grosvenorii tea in terms of sensory quality and chlorogenic acid content. The 2 prediction models (Y₁ and Y₂)were established correspondingly. Furthermore, the chlorogenic acid content, total phenolic content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate of the tea infusion prepared under optimal conditions were determined and analyzed.

The optimal processing conditions were determined as follows: Siraitia grosvenorii addition of 1.3 g/500 mL, brewing time of 22.3 min, brewing temperature of 88.1 ℃ and Lonicera japonica addition of 2.3 g/500 mL. Under the optimized conditions, the sensory score of the prepared tea reached 9.4, and the chlorogenic acid content was 162.6 μg/g. The predicted sensory score and chlorogenic acid content of the models were 9.72 and 159.25 μg/g, respectively. The relative errors of all models were less than 5%, which verified the reliable predictive validity of the established models. In the tea infusion prepared under optimal conditions, the chlorogenic acid content decreased slightly within the first 3 days and decreased significantly after the third day. In addition, the total phenolic content and radical scavenging rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the prolongation of storage time.

This study realizes the synchronous improvement of active ingredient content and sensory quality of Lonicera japonica and Siraitia grosvenorii tea, which provides a systematic method for the process optimization and quality improvement of the tea product.

To establish a method for preparing high-purity chiral monomers of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and systematically study the stability characteristics of 3-MCPDE enantiomers in organic solvents.

Using preparative high performance liquid chromatography with a ChiralCore Amy-Z chiral column (10 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) as the separation column and ethanol as the mobile phase for isocratic elution, the preparative separation of 3-MCPDE enantiomers was achieved. The stability of 3-MCPDE enantiomers stored for 42 d in 5 kinds of solvents (isopropanol, methanol, acetonitrile, n-hexane and ethanol) under different temperatures (4 °C and 25 °C) and light conditions was evaluated using ultra performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPC²-MS/MS). Degradation rates and enantiomer fraction values were calculated from degradation kinetic curves to analyze the influence patterns of temperature and light.

Successfully prepared chiral monomer 3-MCPDE with a purity of 95% or higher. Stability studies showed that 3-MCPDE underwent significant degradation in all solvents, with degradation rates in the order:ethanol>n-hexane>isopropanol>acetonitrile>methanol. The degradation process exhibited a typical biphasic pattern,consisting of a rapid degradation phase within 0–24 h followed by a slower attenuation phase. Temperature was a key environmental factor affecting the degradation rate, with generally higher degradation at 25 °C than at 4 °C. Light exposure showed a more pronounced promoting effect in polar solvents like methanol and ethanol. Under all experimental conditions, the degradation behaviors of the 2 enantiomers were highly consistent, with the enantiomer fraction value consistently remaining at 0.50, indicating no stereoselective phenomenon was observed.

This study reveals the non-stereoselective degradation pattern of 3-MCPDE enantiomers in different solvents,establishes an efficient method for the preparation of chiral monomers, and recommends storing the standards in methanol at 4 °C in the dark. These findings provide methodological support for enantiomer-level safety assessment and are of great significance for in-depth elucidation of the toxicological mechanisms of 3-MCPDE chiral monomers.

To systematically analyse the 11 categories of nutritional and functional components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides in Morinda citrifolia L. residue.

Based on national and industry standard methods, the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides (including monosaccharide composition), proteins/peptides, saponins, dietary fiber and volatile compounds were analyzed.

Morinda citrifolia L. residue contained 57.88 mg/g total flavonoids, 4.57 mg/g total polyphenols, 37.65 mg/g total polysaccharides, 8.16% crude protein, and 19.9 mg/g total saponins. Rutin (28.86 mg/g) was the predominant flavonoid. Acid-hydrolyzed protein was rich in aspartic acid (7.99 mg/g), glutamic acid (6.88 mg/g) and cysteine(7.66 mg/g). Essential amino acids accounted for 33.8% of total amino acids, close to the World Health Organization(WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recommended value of 36%. The polysaccharides consisted of mannose (33.49%), glucuronic acid (2.56%), galacturonic acid (27.00%), glucose(24.89%), galactose (8.77%) and arabinose (3.29%). Dietary fiber included cellulose (32.10%), hemicellulose(13.27%) and lignin (20.27%). The major volatile compound was 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (64.32%), along with octanoic acid (1.67%) and squalene (11.47%).

This study systematically analyzes the main functional components of Morinda citrifolia L. residue, providing data and practical basis for its further high-value utilization and development.

To investigate the contamination status, toxin genes carriage patterns, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genomic evolution patterns of Clostridium perfringens in commercial meat and meat products in Ma’anshan City.

A total of 300 meat and meat product samples were collected from 3 districts, 3 counties and online shopping channels in Ma’anshan City from 2021 to 2024. Clostridium perfringens was identified by isolation culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The 7 kinds of toxin genes were detected by multiplex fluorescence PCR.The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 12 kinds of antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method.Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) combined with bioinformatics analysis was used to perform multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial resistance gene prediction and core-genome phylogenetic tree construction.

The total positive detection rate of Clostridium perfringens in 300 samples was 18.67% (56/300). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates among different years, sample types, sampling regions and sites (all P<0.05), among which raw poultry meat (45.16%) and farmers’ market samples (30.82%) were the most heavily contaminated. The detection of 7 kinds of toxin genes (cpa, cpb, iap, etx, cpe, netB, cbp2) showed that the positive rate of cpa gene was 100.00%, and the positive rates of cpe and cbp2 were 7.14% and 48.21%, respectively. The strains were dominated by type A (92.86%), and type E (1.79%) and type F (5.36%) were also detected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the strains had high resistance rates to tetracycline (64.29%) and clindamycin (32.14%) and 26.79% of the strains exhibited multidrug resistance; the susceptible rates to cefoperazone, meropenem and chloramphenicol were 100.00%. Whole-genome analysis revealed that the 56 strains contained 50 kinds of MLST, including 26 kinds of newly discovered types. A total of 9 kinds of antimicrobial resistance genes were identified and the carriage rates of mprF, tetA(P), and tetB(P) ranked the top 3 (85.71%, 73.21% and 69.64%, respectively). The core-genome phylogenetic tree indicated genetic homology among strains from different years and regions, suggesting a risk of cross-regional transmission.

The contamination of Clostridium perfringens in commercial meat and meat products in Ma’anshan City is relatively severe, with high toxin gene carriage rates, prominent multidrug resistance and genetic diversity. There are risks of cross-regional transmission and food poisoning, so it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of raw poultry meat and farmers’ market links.