In the economic shellfish farming on coastal mudflats in China, the Sinovovacula constricta occupies an important position. In recent years, due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization in China, marine pollution has threatened the living environment of Sinovovacula constricta. Polluted Sinovovacula constricta can accumulate toxins in their bodies, which can be transmitted through the food chain and ultimately endanger human health. Therefore, the food safety issue of Sinovovacula constricta has received widespread attention. With the continuous improvement of the transportation network and the gradual maturity of the live-keeping technology system, more and more Sinovovacula constricta are being sent to inland areas, expanding the consumer market. Therefore, Sinovovacula constricta must undergo purification treatment before entering the circulation process. As consumers' demands for the taste and quality of fresh Sinovovacula constricta continue to increase, the purification and live-keeping processes of Sinovovacula constricta have become particularly important. This article reviewed the current research progress in the purification methods of Sinovovacula constricta in China, the advantages and limitations of different purification processes, the influences of environmental parameters on purification, and live-keeping technologies, providing a reference for in-depth research on the purification and live-keeping technologies of Sinovovacula constricta.

Food safety is a major strategic content related to people's livelihoods and achievement of the modernization of national governance. After the extensive scientific research and regulatory practice, many iconic academic achievements have been achieved, and the relatively systematic theoretical systems, methodological standards and regulatory strategies for food safety have been established. The traditional food safety mainly relies on the methodological development, safety detection and risk monitoring, depends on the laws, regulations, and standards as regulatory basis, utilizes propaganda, education, service and popularization of science as auxiliary means, and combine the rectification and improvement. Due to the complex interactions between humans and food, there are many characteristics involved in food safety like uncertainty, relativity and regionalism. At present, the connection between the food safety research and regulation is not close enough, and the food safety work still needs a lot of innovative exploration, practice and the new quality productivity empowerment. Based on the author's recent research, teaching, investigation, and regulatory practices in food safety, this paper started from the root causes of food safety issues, summarized and discussed the main challenges faced in the current food safety work from the perspective of the risk prevention and control throughout the entire process, and proposed the directions that could be focused on the food safety research, teaching and regulation in future, which would help achieving the precise prevention and control of food safety across the entire region.

In recent years, with the increasing emphasis on health and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, people have gradually explored and put forward more stringent and comprehensive requirements in the analysis of the total amount and form of elements in food and medicine. Although traditional extraction methods can meet the needs of analysis to a certain extent, they often accompanied by various problems. Therefore, exploring more green, efficient and environmentally friendly element extraction technology has become an important thing. As a biocatalyst, enzyme has attracted increasing attention in the field of element extraction because of its unique advantages, such as high specificity, mild reaction conditions and environmental friendliness. Enzymatic extraction is a method that using the biochemical action of enzymes to destroy the structure of the sample and breaking the macromolecules into amino acids, so as to extract metal elements. This paper reviewed the application of enzymes in the extraction of elements in cereal foods, vegetables, traditional Chinese medicine, seafood and feed, and discussed which enzymes are suitable for different matrices, the advantages and disadvantages of enzymatic extraction methods, so as to better understand the compatibility of enzymes with different samples. It provides a reference for the future use of enzymatic extraction in the total amount and form of elements in different substances.

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology, as a unique, clean, efficient, and energy-saving separation method, can solve many defects in traditional extraction techniques such as the use of toxic organic reagents, high energy consumption, and low extraction yield. Therefore, it has good application prospects in food processing. As one of the 3 kinds of major nutrients of human body, oil not only maintains the normal physiological function of human body, but also has many beneficial physiological functions, which is of great value to improve human health and prevent diseases. Therefore, this article focused on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology, systematically summarized supercritical carbon dioxide extraction's concept, mechanism, process flow, characteristics and influencing factors, as well as the research status in recent years regarding its application in plant oils such as wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, and soybean germ oil, as well as animal fats like fish oil and insect oil, aimed to provide a theoretical reference for the scientific research and food processing applications of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology.

Objective To assess the dietary exposure risk of fenthion in Vigna unguiculata among Shanghai residents from 2021 to 2023. Methods The primary method employed was the chronic risk quotient assessment. The measured exposure concentrations of fenthion in Vigna unguiculata were used to characterize the risk, with the chronic risk evaluated based on the risk quotient values. Results From 2021 to 2023, a total of 2301 Vigna unguiculata samples from Shanghai markets were tested, with an overall detection rate of fenthion at 3.00% and a non-compliance rate of 2.3%. The average fenthion concentration was 1.23×10^-2 mg/kg, with a maximum value of 4.45 mg/kg. Analysis by different months showed that in February each year, the non-compliance rate and average detection value of fenthion in Vigna unguiculata were the highest, at 18.9% and 0.12 mg/kg, respectively. Analysis by different sampling locations indicated that Vigna unguiculata sold online had the highest detection and non-compliance rates. The average daily dietary exposure of Shanghai residents was 5.88×10^-6 mg/(kg·bw) with a P₉₅ exposure of 3.05×10^-5 mg/(kg·bw). The average risk quotient was 8.40×10^-4, with a P₉₅ of 4.36×10^-3. Conclusion The risk quotient for different population groups in Shanghai from 2021 to 2023 is far below 1, indicating that the health risk from fenthion exposure through Vigna unguiculata consumption is low for Shanghai residents.

Objective To establish a solution for fungal culturomics in food by comparing the performance of 3 fungal culture media and optimising fungal culturomics techniques. Methods The 24 food samples and 2 proficiency test samples were tested using commonly used fungal culture media for food testing, including potato dextrose agar (PDA), rose Bengal agar, and a novel Pan Fungi medium (PF). The cultured fungi were isolated and identified using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Results Yeast phase fungi could grow well on all 3 kinds of media, and the colony growth rate, colony morphology size and colony numbers had no significant difference. Filamentous fungi were able to grow well on the 3 kinds of medias, but growth rate and colony morphology were significantly different. There were 12 kinds of fungal species identified in the 24 samples, including 2 kinds of yeast phase fungi and 10 kinds of filamentous fungi. Conclusion With excellent accuracy and stability and self-limited growth of cultured colonies, PF fungal medium is favourable for isolation and identification of single colonies, and can be used as a supplement to the commonly used fungal medium for fungal culturomics studies in food.

Objective To screen the crop varieties with low accumulation of heavy metal Cd suitable for cultivation in Qinghai and evaluate of their agricultural product safety. Methods Through field experiments, 9 crops, including barley, oilseed rape and broad bean, were planted in heavy metal-contaminated arable land in a field trial to analyze the Cd content in the roots, plants, seeds and corresponding soils of different crops. Cd content of different crop samples was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) after digestion in a graphite furnace. The enrichment capacity of each tissue and organ of the crop was analyzed by the enrichment coefficient method, and the non-carcinogenic health risk of Cd in crop seeds was evaluated by the target hazard quotient (THQ) method. Results The soil Cd content of barley and wheat exceeded the standard, but the seed Cd content of all crops met the national standard; the Cd enrichment capacity of wheat roots and plants was lower than that of the other crops, and the lowest soil Cd enrichment capacity of crop seeds was found in oats and wheat; there was no health risk for adults due to the intake of Cd from the edible parts of the 6 kinds of crops, and there was a health risk for children due to the intake of Cd from the edible parts of barley and potatoes. Conclusion Oilseed rape and oats is a kind of Cd low-accumulating crop suitable for local cultivation, which can ensure the safe utilization of local farmland. Therefore, this study can provide a scientific basis for screening crop varieties with low Cd accumulation and applying them on a large scale to polluted croplands in Qinghai.

Objective To evaluate the edible safety of marine aquaculture Monostromanitdum along the coast of Naozhou Island. Methods Using 4 kinds of different collection times of Monostromanitdum as research objects, microwave digestion, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the content of 5 kinds of heavy metals, Cr, As, Pb, Hg, and Cd, in Monostromanitdum samples, and microbial indicators were determined. Using acute oral toxicity experiments on mice, the food safety of Monostromanitdum was evaluated by analyzing indicators such as drinking water, diet, body weight, organ coefficient, mortality rate, and appearance of mice. Results The content of Cr, As, Pb, and Hg in the sample far exceeded the food safety content specified by the national standard, with the maximum being 29.20, 12.12, 3.59 and 3.70 times the limit values, respectively. The total number of bacterial colonies in the samples exceeded 50 CFU/g. The mice in the group administered with Monostromanitdum by gavage showed signs of death, with organ coefficients increasing in all organs except for the liver, and the appearance changes consistent with heavy metal poisoning. Conclusion There are safety risks associated with consuming unprocessed Monostromanitdum, and the safety of direct consumption is relatively low.

Food origin traceability technology is an important technical means for the effective implementation of food origin traceability and the protection of regional brands and specialty products. China has established a number of food safety standard systems, including “geographical indications of Chinese agricultural products”. There is an increasing demand for food origin discrimination at home and abroad, and the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are closely related to food origin, which can be used to characterize the differences between different products of the same kind of food. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology is a new technology developed in recent years for the determination of VOCs, which has the advantages of good separation effect, fast detection speed and high sensitivity, and has the potential to become an effective technical means for origin tracing. This paper introduced the working principle and characteristics of GC-IMS technology, summarized the progress of the application of GC-IMS technology in the origin traceability of animal and plant-derived foods in recent years, and discussed the future development direction of GC-IMS technology, in order to provide technical reference for the continuous expansion of the application of GC-IMS technology in the origin traceability of food.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of the migration of 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene in plastic food contact materials and articles by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methods The water-based food simulants were extracted by n-hexane, and the chemical alternative solvents (95% ethanol and isooctane) were directly injected, and the olive oil simulants were extracted with acetonitrile and then injected, and the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and quantified by external standard method. Results A method for the determination of 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene in plastic food contact materials was established. The limit of detection was 0.01 mg/kg or mg/L, the limit of quantification was 0.03 mg/kg or mg/L, the recovery rates were 80.0%-110.0%, and the relative standard deviations were 1.2%-6.0% (n=6). The actual samples of 10 kinds of polypropylene (PP) food contact materials were determined by this method, and the detection rate was 10%, and the detection concentration was 0.12 mg/kg. Conclusion The method is sensitive, has high recovery and accuracy, and the limit of detection can meet the requirements of regulations, and can be used for the practical testing of the migration of 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene in polypropylene (PP) food contact materials.