In order to strengthen national capacity building for science popularization and to further implement the Action for Improving the Scientific Literacy of the Whole Population，the Chinese Association for Science and Technology（CAST）and the National Bureau of Statistics（NBS）cooperated in carrying out the 13th Sample Survey on the Scientific Literacy of Chinese Citizens in 2023，which will provide important data for the mid-term evaluation of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan on Scientific Literacy，and for achieving the goal of having more than 15 percent of the citizenry possessing the literacy of science in 2025. The results show that by 2023，the proportion of Chinese citizens with scientific literacy will exceed 15 percent. The results show that the proportion of Chinese citizens with scientific literacy reached 14.14% in 2023，with the rate of improvement of citizens' scientific literacy continuing to accelerate and the imbalance of scientific literacy levels significantly alleviated. Television and the Internet are still the two main channels for citizens to obtain scientific and technological information，and the position of the Internet as the primary channel for citizens to obtain scientific and technological information has been further strengthened. Citizens' willingness to visit and make use of science and technology（S&T）infrastructures is high，and among all kinds of science and technology infrastructures，science and technology venues represented by science and technology museums have the highest willingness to visit and the highest effectiveness in using them. Citizens are highly concerned about and actively supportive of S&T innovation，while their concerns about the risks of applying new technologies and their willingness to participate in S&T decision-making have increased. The comprehensive presentation and systematic analysis of the results of this survey will provide strong data support and decision-making references for promoting high-quality development，formulating targeted strategies and policies related to science popularization and the building of scientific literacy，and promoting the long-term and balanced development of the scientific literacy of all people.

Generative artificial intelligence，by showcasing intelligence and creativity on par with human intelligence，transforms the understanding of intelligence and creativity away from a human-centric viewpoint. It surpasses general intelligence with its immense computing power and breaks through traditional creativity with seemingly nonsensical combinations. This shift has elevated artificial intelligence from a mere support tool for humans to a relatively autonomous creative force. In the evolving landscape of human-machine intelligence interactions and integration，individuals must embrace a continuous and dynamic dual spiral reconstruction of both technological literacy and humanistic creativity.

In the existing discussions on the ethical governance of generative artificial intelligence（AI），user-level ethics have long been overlooked. Interactivity and generativity，as key attributes of generative AI，open an effective path for users to present themselves. The fusion of users and developers in the era of generative AI has long surpassed the integration of producers and consumers in economic activities，leading to the reconstruction of human social forms and the reshaping of humanity’s future. Therefore，the emergence and prioritization of user ethics should be seen as the future development direction of digital literacy. By combining individual and societal levels with the dimensions of positive and negative ethics，the constructed user ethics matrix provides a fundamental framework for the moral guidelines and norms that users should adhere to when facing and applying generative AI. To better implement this framework it requires the joint efforts of technology users，technology designers（developers），and technology regulators to promote a closer and more benevolent relationship between humans and technology，safeguarding human well-being and the future.

Artificial intelligence has become a driving force for national development and competition in the new era. Given this premise，greater emphasis must be placed on the popularization of artificial intelligence（AI）. Currently，societal perceptions of AI are constrained by traditional views，such as seeing AI merely as a tool or a daily object，which leads to a lack of comprehensive understanding of it. This Research explores the relationship between AI，the environment，and humanity，using concepts such as transparency，relevance，and augmentation. It proposes that AI popularization should be stratified and that traditional notions of popularization need to be altered. Stratified popularization means understanding AI from three levels：transparency pertains to the dissemination of AI mechanisms and principles，which is particularly meaningful for scientists；relevance concerns the relationship between AI and society，which holds significant social value and is closely related to the general public；and augmentation emphasizes the co-existence of humans and AI，which is crucial for humanity’s future in dealing with super intelligence. Changing traditional popularization notions involves a cognitive shift regarding AI from a tool to an intelligent entity and from an object to environment. Only in this way can AI be better directed towards public welfare and promote the healthy development of a new generation of AI in China.

One risk of AIGC（Artificial Intelligence Generated Content）lies in its impact on human intelligence. The widespread phenomenon of over-reliance on AI inevitably raises concerns about the degradation of human intelligence. To address various issues，such as AI alienation，it is crucial to recognize and understand artificial intelligence based on innovative applications comprehensively. Furthermore，the key to overcome the concerns of human intelligence in the AIGC era is to explore possible paths for enhancing individual’s scientific literacy based on the promotion of public understanding of AI. These paths include enhancing personalized scientific literacy with the assistance of AIGC，using AIGC to address shortcomings in science education，encouraging youth participation in scientific activities through AIGC，and establishing review mechanisms for AIGC to protect the spirit of science.

Various risks associated with the rapid iteration and application of generative artificial intelligence have made the“artificial intelligence threat theory”prevalent in the public eye. Based on the perspective of collective action，this research interpreted the problem of artificial intelligence application as a problem of collective responsibility. It also analyzed the collective responsibility positioning of the public initiative and reflexivity in the application of generative artificial intelligence and the collective obligations of the public in the governance of generative artificial intelligence. This research uses structural injustice to understand the application problems of generative artificial intelligence，explains the dilemma of scientific communication in promoting public understanding of generative artificial intelligence，and analyzes the way out from the perspective of trust. The collective nature of generative artificial intelligence application issues determines the collective significance of promoting public understanding of generative artificial intelligence. It is urgently necessary for the responsibility ethics of generative artificial intelligence to move from personal ethics to collective ethics.

Agricultural science popularization represents a crucial aspect of the socialized services provided by Science and Technology Backyards，playing a pivotal role in the transformation of agricultural scientific knowledge and technology into the agricultural production sector. This model is embedded within the overall structure of Science and Technology Backyards. Currently，agricultural science popularization faces challenges due to factors such as the segmentation of rural“acquaintance societies”，the complexity and diversity of agricultural issues，the uneven distribution of science popularization personnel，and the slow digital transformation. These factors lead to difficulties in establishing trust，insufficient personalized supply，unequal opportunities for science popularization，and relatively singular dissemination channels. By integrating Science and Technology Backyards into rural production and life，focusing on farmers’individual needs，consolidating talent resources，and enriching the forms of science popularization，they effectively address the general issues in agricultural science popularization and bridge the last mile in the transformation of agricultural science and technology into agricultural production. To enhance the efficiency of the agricultural science popularization model of the Backyard Science and Technology，it is recommended to accelerate the construction and improvement of the quality and quantity of Science and Technology Backyards，to promote the diversification of science popularization categories，to establish mechanisms for diverse participation，and to optimize the layout of agricultural network science popularization. These measures will better enable Science and Technology Backyards to fulfill their role in promoting agricultural technology.

The primary goal of the“Elite Program”is to cultivate a cohort of students with a strong interest in scientific research and a commitment to engaging in foundational science and technology innovation. This program places high demands on the professional commitment levels of its participants. This study，based on a survey of 22 515 undergraduate students from 39“985 Project”universities，analyzes the impact of the“Elite Program”on students’professional commitment during their university years. The results show that male students，those from urban households，those whose fathers have a bachelor’s degree or higher，those studying at“C9 League”universities，and those in science，engineering，agriculture，or medical majors are more prevalent among“Elite Program”participants. Conversely，students from high schools in the western regions are less represented. The overall level of professional commitment，and the levels of idealistic and affective commitment，are significantly higher among“Elite Program”students compared to non-participants. The program has a significant positive impact on students’overall professional commitment，idealistic commitment，and affective commitment during university. Students from socioeconomically advantaged backgrounds and those in science，engineering，agriculture，or medical majors are more likely to have their professional commitment positively influenced by the“Elite Program”. Based on these findings，this research provides relevant recommendations.

Extracurricular science education plays a crucial role in fostering students’scientific interests and is an integral part of effective science education. This study，based on a combination of stratified and random sampling，conducted a large-scale survey among 275 primary and secondary schools in Beijing. The results reveal that extracurricular science education in Beijing has achieved positive outcomes in terms of teacher development，curriculum and activity implementation，and resource utilization. However，There are also some issues，including a shortage of teachers，an imbalance in the development of technology courses and activities relative to educational resources，and inadequate policy support and incentives. Disparities exist between urban and rural schools，with rural schools demonstrating unique advantages in terms of physical resources and modern educational technology utilization. Different levels of science education demonstration schools face distinct challenges and advantages. Based on these findings，we propose four recommendations to promote the development of extracurricular science education：enhance its importance，leverage the unique strengths of rural schools，utilize the exemplary role of the“Golden Eagle”science and technology team，and tailor targeted investment and safeguard strategies according to the specific context of science education demonstration schools，aiming for a balanced and efficient utilization of science education resources.

The pioneers of the Communist Party of China emphasized the role of science in enlightening and transforming society. As one of the earliest Marxists in China，Li Dazhao had a unique perspective on science. This paper adopts a historical contextualist methodology，attempting to return to the context of the May Fourth New Culture Movement. Based on the examination of historical materials，it is found that，compared with his contemporaries，Li Dazhao adhered to active historical materialism. He based his actions on a belief in the spirit of science，advocated scientific methods from a dialectical materialist standpoint，and practiced a unity of knowledge and action. He revered the view of science as both epistemology and methodology，applying it to academic research and practical life. He promoted a materialistic view of history and an enterprising outlook on life without falling into the trap of scientism. This perspective enhances our understanding of the spirit of scientific rationality and provides contemporary insights for promoting Chinese-style modernization，emphasizing the cultivation and advocacy of scientific spirit and a pragmatic ethos in ideology and actively conducting research with both problem awareness and emotional care in practice.

In the 1950s，the rise of science and educational films in China established foundational creative principles with enduring influence，which reflected the characteristics of the times. This study examines the evolution of science and educational films in China during this period，tracing the historical context of their emergence and analyzing relevant literature and archival materials. It is argued that the basic form and characteristic nature of science and educational films became gradually clear during this phase，marking the establishment of the science and educational film industry in New China. Of particular interest is the multiple missions assigned to science and educational films by the state，which underwent transitions reflecting the era，from serving production practices to emphasizing scientific，ideological，and artistic aspects，and finally to serving political propaganda needs. These transitions profoundly embody the scientific views of China in the 1950s and reflect important features of the science popularization efforts at that time，offering valuable insights for contemporary science popularization work.