The pioneers of the Communist Party of China emphasized the role of science in enlightening and transforming society. As one of the earliest Marxists in China，Li Dazhao had a unique perspective on science. This paper adopts a historical contextualist methodology，attempting to return to the context of the May Fourth New Culture Movement. Based on the examination of historical materials，it is found that，compared with his contemporaries，Li Dazhao adhered to active historical materialism. He based his actions on a belief in the spirit of science，advocated scientific methods from a dialectical materialist standpoint，and practiced a unity of knowledge and action. He revered the view of science as both epistemology and methodology，applying it to academic research and practical life. He promoted a materialistic view of history and an enterprising outlook on life without falling into the trap of scientism. This perspective enhances our understanding of the spirit of scientific rationality and provides contemporary insights for promoting Chinese-style modernization，emphasizing the cultivation and advocacy of scientific spirit and a pragmatic ethos in ideology and actively conducting research with both problem awareness and emotional care in practice.

Li Dazhao  /  view of science  /  scientific spirit  /  scientific method