The exponential iteration of artificial intelligence has unleashed tremendous productivity while also triggering a series of deep governance dilemmas such as "human alienation", technological feudalism, and employment shocks. This paper reviews the "Weberian proposition" and, using the "cognitive revolution" as a thread, examines the confrontation between two technological philosophical trends in the AI era − effective accelerationism and super alignmentism. On this basis, the paper analyzes the governance challenges of the AI era from three dimensions: modernity critique, publicness reconstruction, and systems theory prudence. It then proposes action guidelines from a humanistic perspective: upholding human subjectivity in ontology, balancing modernity anxiety with Eastern wisdom in cultural theory, transforming educational models in cognitive theory, cultivating deep reflectors in practical theory, and promoting global governance collaboration in institutional theory. Finally, it issues the "Humanistic Manifesto of the AI Era", calling for a new round of "Renaissance" to transcend the binary narrative of technological utopia and doomsday.

While pursuing "higher, faster, stronger" digital technology advancements today, the survival and development patterns of individuals, society, the environment, and the world are increasingly under pressure and overdrawn — approaching the brink of unsustainability. Faced with this structural issue in the relationship between humans and technology, incremental innovations that follow traditional lines of thinking are no longer sufficient to address the root of the problem or reverse the trend. Instead, a set of macro−level theoretical frameworks is needed for attribution, explanation, and resolution. From the "Biophysics−Intellect−Xin" perspective of Human−Engaged Computing, we argue that the root of current unsustainable situations lies in the unsustainability of the human "Xin". Past human−machine relationships, focused on building knowledge repositories ("Intellect") and satisfying physical needs ("Biophysics"), not only fail to address today's sustainability challenges but also exacerbate real−world problems through overdevelopment. Accordingly, a potential solution lies in deriving a top−level design from a human−machine relationship centered on "Xin". This approach would meet human material needs while restructuring the underlying mechanisms and environment of digital technology to foster peace in "Xin", thus gradually promoting the long−term sustainable development of individuals, society, the environment, and the world.

2020 is regarded as a significant watershed in the development of information technology. From 1960 to 2020, information technologies centered on personal computers (PC) and the internet ushered in six decades of remarkable progress. Today, humanity urgently calls for a new generation of information technologies to open a new chapter in the information age. Human−Computer Interaction (HCI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), both focused on humans as the central subject, have become key domains in this new technological era. As closely related sister disciplines, they must develop in a coordinated manner. Historical experience also shows that the collaborative development and effective integration of HCI and AI are critical to ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of information technology. This paper, perspective of human−computer symbiosis, analyzes the issues in the historical and current development of AI and HCI, and proposes a technical vision for the New User Interface (New UI). The main contents include: new insights into human–computer interaction in evolving computational environments, critical considerations regarding artificial intelligence, the academic relationship between HCI and AI, and a preliminary conceptualization of the New UI.

Leveraging its evolutionary capacity that surpasses biological intelligence, digital intelligence has irreversibly upended the traditional human–machine dynamic. Re–examining the fundamental relationship between humans and technology has become a philosophical imperative concerning humanity's own future. This paper traces the semantic origins of the Chinese term "She Ji" (design) and establishes a four–quadrant interactive framework grounded in the dialectical unity of "She"—which pertains to language and action—and "Ji"—which pertains to calculation and strategy. This framework is used to analyze design opportunities following the systematic "colonization" of creative fields by artificial intelligence: while AI has gained an absolute advantage in the domains of calculation and language, the unique value of humanity is embodied in action and strategy—encompassing emotional interaction, embodied experience, cultural strategy, and order construction. Confronted with this landscape, the mission of design has ascended from creating objects to reshaping the relationships and order of human–machine symbiosis. The core of future design lies in leveraging intelligent systems to their fullest while constructing a new value compass and civilizational compact, integrating the four domains of "Suan" (calculation), "Yan" (language), "Yi" (action), and "Ce" (strategy), to achieve a paradigm shift from goal attainment to order creation. This constitutes not only a practical pathway for human–machine collaboration but also points toward the construction of a new form of civilization—in this profound transformation, design can assume the role of "relationship architect" proactively, establishing sustainable principles for coexistence on a dual–track future.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), machines are increasingly evolving into autonomous agents capable of independent decision−making. Consequently, the traditional paradigm of human–computer interaction is transitioning toward a new model of human–AI collaboration. However, technology−centered AI development approaches have gradually revealed critical limitations, including fragility, bias, and low interpretability, underscoring the urgency of adopting a human−centered AI (HCAI) design philosophy. As a systems−engineering paradigm, the successful implementation of HCAI relies on the design and optimization of high−quality human–AI interaction (HAII). This paper systematically reviews our team's nearly decade−long exploration and practice in the field of HCAI. At the conceptual level, we propose HAII as an emerging interdisciplinary domain and construct a human−centered framework for human–AI collaboration. At the foundational theoretical level, we introduce a joint cognitive system framework for human–AI interaction, an intelligent agent teaming situation awareness model, and a shared social understanding model, thereby forming a relatively comprehensive theoretical system. At the methodological level, we develop a hierarchical HCAI framework and propose five categories of implementation methods. At the applied level, we conduct a series of empirical studies in domains including autonomous driving, intelligent aircraft cockpits, and trust in human–AI collaboration, thereby validating the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Looking forward, research on HCAI and HAII should continue to advance along three dimensions: theoretical refinement, methodological innovation, and application expansion, in order to promote the development of a human−centered intelligent society characterized by harmonious human–AI coexistence.

Human–engaged computing (HEC) opens up new research directions for the study of ideal human–computer relationships. A key concept within HEC—synergized interactions—has emerged as a primary research focus. However, how synergized interactions occur, sustain, and can be systematically realized in concrete interactive processes remains insufficiently articulated. Our study introduces a perspective of rhythm to reveal the critical role of rhythm in achieving synergized interactions. We propose that rhythm-based synergized interactions are observable and computable, and construct a comprehensive theoretical framework comprising three components: (1) state definition: we define synergized rhythms as a determinable state of synergized interactions, and establish a computational framework that includes human rhythms, computer rhythms, interaction rhythms, and synergized coefficients, (2) regulation mechanisms: we propose two types of regulatory pathways: time–point–based synergized rhythms and time–interval–based synergized rhythms, and (3) design principles: we design feedbacks for shallow detection based on time-point adjustments and deep detection based on time-interval adjustments. Our study provides a practical framework and developmental pathways for future theoretical extensions and system design in the field of synergized interactions.

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), communication mechanisms in Multi−Agent Systems (MAS) have evolved from ontology−based protocols such as KQML to LLM−driven architectures. This paper reviews the Agent−to−Agent (A2A) protocol proposed by Google and the Model Context Protocol (MCP) introduced by Anthropic, which together form the MCP×A2A protocol stack. This stack provides a unified interface for agent−level tool invocation and function sharing, forming a foundational layer for the so−called "Internet of Agents". However, the current MCP×A2A system primarily enables functional interoperability and remains insufficient for supporting deep collaboration involving multiple users and agents, especially in terms of dynamic coordination and emotional alignment. To address these limitations, we propose the Smart Synergetic Network, built on A2A/MCP, and as a human−centered architecture grounded in Human−Engaged Computing (HEC). It introduces three integrated layers—Biophysics, Intellect, and Xin—to support full−spectrum collaboration by sensing physical state, structuring task flows, and adjusting emotional dynamics. This layered system dynamically adapts collaboration rhythms and interaction styles to individual user states, enhancing agent understanding and responsiveness. By addressing issues such as mismatched pacing and insufficient empathy in human−AI coordination, the architecture facilitates more flexible, sustainable, and trust−based collaboration. Case studies in education and remote healthcare demonstrate the system's potential to shift AI applications from simple interoperability to deeply synergized interaction.

To investigate the formation mechanism for differences in microstructure and properties of components fabricated via different wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) processes, maraging steel components were fabricated using plasma arc additive manufacturing (PAAM) and cold metal transfer (CMT)−based additive manufacturing. Their microstructures and mechanical properties were then systematically characterized and compared. The continuous and intense impingement of the plasma arc on the molten pool produced significantly finer grains, with an average grain size of 3.51 μm, whereas the average grain size of CMT−fabricated components was 9.84 μm. Additionally, the higher heat input and lower cooling rate during the PAAM process facilitated precipitation of a greater number of reinforcing phases within the matrix. Under the synergistic effect grain refinement strengthening and second−phase strengthening, PAAM components demonstrated superior mechanical properties: specifically, the tensile strengths in the horizontal and vertical directions were 1367.7 MPa and 1360.3 MPa, accompanied by elongations of 15.2% and 14.4%, respectively. In contrast, the CMT−fabricated samples exhibited tensile strengths of 1149.1 MPa (horizontal) and 1063.4 MPa (vertical), with corresponding elongations of 20.1% and 17.8%. Notably, while CMT−fabricated components displayed significant mechanical anisotropy, PAAM components exhibited a tendency toward mechanical isotropy. This phenomenon is attributed to two key factors: first, the extremely high heat input of PAAM ensured more adequate interlayer fusion; second, the recovery and recrystallization processes induced by the prolonged high−temperature state mitigated the preferred orientation of the microstructure, consequently alleviating mechanical anisotropy.

The manufacturing of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite components with high−quality, high−efficiency, and low−cost is of great significance for their wide application in aviation and other fields. The manufacturing of composite components is special for its multi−stage, multi−variation and sensitivity to process. Facing the gap in quality stability and cost of carbon fiber composite components, in order to promote the development and application of advanced composite materials, it is necessary to establish a industry−level standard system which covers the composite component development management and the entire life cycle of composite component manufacturing. This article deeply studies the life cycle activities and development characteristics of advanced composite component manufacturing, comprehensively summarizes the current status of relevant standards at home and abroad, and deeply analyzes the problems existing in domestic standards. Compared with the developed countries abroad in aviation that have comprehensively built industry−level, enterprise−level standards and databases to cover the entire life cycle of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites, China has already established a certain standard foundation. However, it still faces problems such as an incomplete standard system, missing standards in some areas and untimely standard updates, which cannot meet the needs of advanced technology development. Considering the entire life cycle of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite manufacturing, focusing on the product realization of aviation composite components, a framework of the industry−level standard system with the closed loop of "design−manufacturing−testing−process control and certification−application and maintenance" is constructed in this article to provide strong support for the technology development and application promotion of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials.

As artificial intelligence evolves from a passive tool into a collaborative actor with autonomous decision−making and learning capabilities, Human−Computer Interaction (HCI) is undergoing a paradigm shift from "humans using technology" toward Human−AI Collaboration. The growing agency of AI challenges the foundational assumption of traditional HCI that humans are the sole agentive actors. However, the theoretical premise of user−centered design struggles to accommodate dynamic multi−agent collaboration, and existing evaluation frameworks lack effective instruments for assessing collaboration quality and equitable value distribution. These limitations result in the absence of collaborative frameworks for heterogeneous actors, a lack of mediating tools and controllable experimental spaces for cognitive alignment, and the difficulty of institutionalizing localized collaborative experience into public capacity. Grounded in socio−technical systems theory, this paper proposes a four−element model—Heterogeneous Communities, Provocative Prototypes, Peripheral Innovation, and Collaborative Networks—reveals the cyclic evolutionary mechanism among these elements, and provides differentiated recommendations for researchers, research managers, and policy makers, offering a theoretical framework and practical pathway for building an inclusive, equitable, and sustainably evolving Human−AI collaborative system.

Although computing fields such as human−computer interaction (HCI) arose primarily from practical disciplines aimed at using computing to solve everyday problems, more recent research agendas have aspired to almost philosophical heights in hopes of bringing out and better supporting the best that humanity has to offer. One such agenda is human−engaged computing (HEC), which proposes that computing should approach humans holistically, addressing physical, mental, and spiritual life. HEC's goals are inspiring, but also somewhat challenging to pursue in their abstractness: do computing research disciplines truly have the theories and methods needed to understand and intervene to support people's inner potentials, or to advance their spiritual lives. Taking these aspirations literally and seriously, this essay analyzes a human ability that surely is among our highest achievements as a species——our ability to read, and to read deeply——and it derives from both literary and scientific research on deep reading a set of ideas that could serve as normative design criteria for HEC researchers and practitioners: epiphany, engaged solitude, and soulful connection.