Liu Yongtan is a renowned radar expert in China, a member of both the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a recipient of the "Role Model of the Times" honorary title, and the winner of the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award. This paper reviews the historical process in which Liu Yongtan, responding to the national defense security demands for new−system radar technology, broke through the blockade imposed by Western countries, conducted scheme demonstration, experimental construction, theoretical breakthroughs, and application practice for new−system radar. He successfully brought China's key core technologies in new−system radar to the internationally advanced level, significantly enhancing national defense capabilities. This demonstrates his spirit of a scientist, characterized by patriotism, striving for excellence, dedicated research, bold innovation, intensive collaboration, and indifference to fame and fortune.

Since its full completion at the end of 2022, the China's Space Station has been operating stably in orbit, providing important opportunities for high−level space science research and applications. This paper reviews the planning and main considerations for science and utilization missions since the station's construction phase, and outlines the research priorities in various fields as well as the internationally advanced space−ground integrated experiment support capabilities. Over the three years of in−orbit operation, important research progress has been made in space biological and physical sciences, revealing new phenomena and new mechanisms, application benefits gradually emerging. Major space astronomy projects, such as the Chinese Space−station Survey Telescope (CSST) and the High−energy Cosmic Radiation Detection Facility are being intensive developed. For the next 10 to 15 years, it is recommended to further consolidate objectives based on different types of research, highlight key priorities, enhance scientific data governance, innovate research paradigms and create a trend of breakthroughs, to continuously produce major achievements in frontier science, systematic understanding of applied research, and significant benefits from translational applications. This will promote the high−level development of space science and applications in China, and make contributing to the scientific and technological powerhouse.

Provincial laboratories are an important component of China's laboratory system. It is of great significance to utilize local fiscal funds to support the construction of provincial laboratories and achieve regional scientific and technological strategic goals. Based on field research and statistical data, this paper sorts out the achievements of provincial laboratory construction in China, summarizes the problems existing in the fiscal support for the construction of provincial laboratories, including scattered fiscal investment, biased investment direction, rigid fund usage mechanism, and failure to form a multi−party co−construction investment approach. In the future, measures such as streamlining and integrating provincial laboratories, improving diversified investment mechanisms, breaking through institutional and mechanism obstacles, and establishing an orderly fiscal exit mechanism can be taken to further promote the construction of high−level provincial laboratories.

As the development of manned space technology, how to grow and reproduce plant under microgravity in space for long−term has become an important research topic. In addition, understanding the gravitropic response mechanism is of great significance for comprehending the nature of crops adapting the Earth's gravity environment and breeding high−yield crops for controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) in space. In recent years, as application of biology techniques in the study of plant gravitropic responses and microgravity adaptation, along with improved multi−omics platforms and simulated microgravity devices, the mechanism of gravitropism in plants has been relatively thoroughly elucidated. We summarize the key scientific issues of the recent advances in the study of gravitropic and microgravity responses, and systematically review the research progress on plants in space at physiological, gene and protein expression, cell structure, phenotypic and developmental process levels. Furthermore, we discussed and prospected the challenges and issues concerning the lack of systematic theoretical construction and resource constraints under closed cultivation modes for in-situ food production in future manned deep-space exploration.

It is believed that cognitive physics will become the direction of the new century of physics, explaining human intelligence with the theories and methods of physics, simulating human thinking activities with physical machines, and relying on violent thinking to condense millions of years of human cognition into today's silicon−based machines to generate artificial intelligence. It is believed that cognitive physics has broken through the boundaries of traditional cognitive science, reconstructing the underlying logic and cognitive framework of human understanding of the essence of intelligence. Matter, energy, structure and time are the most fundamental elements of both human and machine cognition. Human intelligence and machine intelligence have the same physical origin, the same mathematical structure and the same operational sequence, all based on the physical law of entropy. The keys to activating the machine are the clock, timing sequence and recursion. The "Turing Test" in the intelligent era will no longer be a subjective test. It explains the scale mismatch between genetic evolution and cognitive evolution, liberating intelligence from the long−term entanglement and disturbance of the black box of human consciousness, making it transparent and physically explainable, moving from being unique to humans to symbiosis, integration and co−growth of humans and machines. Proposing that cognitive physics is an ideological revolution worthy of serious attention and represents the physics of the 21st century.