Huang Danian was an outstanding geophysicist and strategic scientist in China, posthumously awarded the national honorary title of "People's Educator". He gave up a privileged life overseas to return to his motherland. Upholding the lifelong conviction that "Revitalizing China is the duty of our generation", he embraced the greater-good mindset and shouldered the mission of building a powerful nation through science and education. Leading his research team, he devoted himself to deep-earth exploration. He spearheaded breakthroughs in multiple core technologies long blocked by foreign countries, secured major advances in China's key equipment for deep-earth exploration, and laid a solid technical and talent foundation for technological self-reliance and control. He spared no effort in national resource exploration, national defense security and the training of innovative geoscience talents, continuing to work until the very last moment of his life.

In recent years, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, represented by Starlink, OneWeb, China Satellite Network Group, and SpaceSail (Qianfan), have developed rapidly and are carrying an increasing volume of Internet traffic. However, the high mobility of LEO satellites causes substantial variations in link capacity, latency, and packet loss, posing significant challenges to end−to−end TCP transport. Existing end−to−end transport optimization approaches for satellite networks either require modifications and upgrades to end host kernels, making large−scale deployment difficult, or are designed primarily for conventional geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites and therefore cannot readily adapt to highly dynamic and time−varying LEO environments. To overcome these limitations, this work investigates TCP performance enhancement in LEO satellite networks and proposes StarPEP, a reconfiguration−aware and transparent performance enhancing proxy (PEP). StarPEP proactively regulates the sender's transmission by adjusting the TCP receive window at the proxy. By jointly exploiting the periodic reconfiguration characteristics of LEO satellite networks and dynamic variations in round−trip time (RTT) and bottleneck bandwidth, StarPEP effectively improves TCP transport performance without requiring any modification to end hosts. We implement a prototype of StarPEP on Linux. Trace−driven emulation experiments based on real−world LEO satellite network measurements show that, in terms of the trade−off between throughput and delay, StarPEP achieves closer to the Pareto frontier without modifying end hosts. Compared with the classic PEP using Hybla as its congestion control algorithm, StarPEP reduces end−to−end latency by 94.8%~95.9% while improving throughput by 49.3%~214.0%. Compared with the classic PEP using LeoCC, StarPEP reduces end−to−end latency by 89.1%~92.6% at the cost of only a small decrease in throughput.

Rice green manure, as an agro−biological practice that simultaneously provides nutrient substitution and carbon sequestration/emission reduction benefits, holds strategic significance for concurrently safeguarding food security and advancing the green low−carbon transition in agriculture. Based on an "evolution–mechanism–pathway" framework, we systematically traces the paradigm shift from soil fertility enhancement and resource−use optimization toward ecological synergy in rice green manure research spanning 1928–2025. Critical knowledge gaps persist regarding synergistic multi−dimensional benefit quantification frameworks, micro−scale biogeochemical driving mechanisms, and digital integrated management technologies. Future priorities urgently call for: (1) a multi−dimensional evaluation framework for rice green manure cultivation grounded in water–carbon–nitrogen synergy; (2) the integration of multi−omics and isotope tracing approaches to elucidate key biogeochemical mechanisms; (3) the development of an integrated space–aerial–ground precision management system to overcome regional heterogeneity constraints; and (4) the refinement of measurement, reporting, and verification protocols to facilitate the inclusion of green manure carbon sinks into market−oriented ecological compensation mechanisms, thereby providing theoretical and technical support for the "emission reduction without yield reduction" strategy in agriculture.

In recent years, driven by innovation in stem cell theory and technological breakthroughs, relying on the rapid development of engineering technologies such as microfluidics and 3D bioprinting, significant progress has been made in the field of organoid research. The filed of organoid is gradually completing the transformation process from laboratory research to industrialization, penetration into the application markets of biological models, organ transplantation, and biological computing hardware. This paper systematically reviews the global progress in organoid research and development, accurately assessing the current stage of organoid research and industrialization. The study finds that organoid construction has achieved dual breakthroughs in biomimicry and functionality, unlocking new application scenarios, while the industrial system has begun to take shape. On this basis, the study identifies the critical technical bottlenecks and ethical regulatory challenges that urgently need to be addressed in the field of organoid. It further outlines future development directions, including prioritizing new strategies for vascularization and microenvironment simulation, developing novel technologies for in situ monitoring of organoid culture, and formulating supporting ethical regulatory policies and standards. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the current state of organoid development in China from the perspective of three dimensions as the policy support system, the depth of fundamental research, and the competitiveness of industrial chain. Targeted recommendations for high−quality development of organoid in China are then proposed, including: establishing organoid key R&D program, conducting application pilot and demonstrations, improving the standardization system, and designing a tiered governance framework, which aims to provide a reference for leading China toward new heights in the field of organoid.

The public−key cryptosystems represented by Rivest−Shamir−Adleman (RSA) and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) are facing disruptive threats from scalable fault−tolerant quantum computing, and the "harvest−now−decrypt−later" attack pattern further underscores the urgency of post−quantum cryptographic (PQC) migration. In 2024, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) formally released the first batch of PQC algorithm standards, launching the quantum−safe upgrade of the global digital security infrastructure. Over the past five years, PQC has made important progress in the dynamic assessment of theoretical security boundaries, the global competition over algorithm standards, and the systematic exploration of industry migration paths. China has also accumulated staged results in the construction of the next−generation commercial cryptography (ShangMi, SM) standard system and pilot applications in key industries. This paper systematically reviews the development history, cutting−edge research breakthroughs and global standardization landscape of PQC, with a focus on the migration practice and exploration in the financial industry, and puts forward policy recommendations such as designating cryptographic agility as a mandatory architectural specification for critical information infrastructure and accelerating the coordination of SM and PQC dual−stack standards to establish a unified migration framework, providing a reference for China's next−stage technical research and standardization deployment.

High−quality data acts as a pivotal driver for the intelligent transformation of research paradigms in materials science. However, the structural deficiencies in the current materials data production system not only lead to quality issues such as data fragmentation, siloing, format heterogeneity and incomplete records, but also result in an excessive transfer of quality control responsibilities to downstream users due to weak producer accountability and the absence of a systematic governance framework. Although users attempt to enhance data governance effectiveness by integrating domain knowledge into various corresponding methods, their limited insight into data production mechanisms hinders the generalizability of their governance strategies and the reliability of results. To this end, this paper focuses on the sustainable generation of high−quality materials data as the central theme, systematically examining the causes of data quality degradation across the data full lifecycle stages, and outlining a comprehensive materials data quality control framework. It aims to guide parties involved in data production and use to reevaluate the entire process from data acquisition and management to application, while providing referential insights for implementation pathways that promote efficient delivery of high−quality materials data, thereby laying foundational support for cultivating a materials data trusted ecosystem.