The exponential iteration of artificial intelligence has unleashed tremendous productivity while also triggering a series of deep governance dilemmas such as "human alienation", technological feudalism, and employment shocks. This paper reviews the "Weberian proposition" and, using the "cognitive revolution" as a thread, examines the confrontation between two technological philosophical trends in the AI era − effective accelerationism and super alignmentism. On this basis, the paper analyzes the governance challenges of the AI era from three dimensions: modernity critique, publicness reconstruction, and systems theory prudence. It then proposes action guidelines from a humanistic perspective: upholding human subjectivity in ontology, balancing modernity anxiety with Eastern wisdom in cultural theory, transforming educational models in cognitive theory, cultivating deep reflectors in practical theory, and promoting global governance collaboration in institutional theory. Finally, it issues the "Humanistic Manifesto of the AI Era", calling for a new round of "Renaissance" to transcend the binary narrative of technological utopia and doomsday.

digital governance  /  Weber proposition  /  cognitive revolution  /  technocratic feudalism  /  humanism