Tic disorders often co - occur with sleep disorder, mood disorder, learning disorder and other physical and mental diseases, it's characterized by spirit - body disharmony, can be classified as Jueyin wind wood disease. The theory of Jueyin Conghua is believed that Jueyin wind wood is smooth and follows the Shaoyang phase fire, if the wood qi is smooth, the phase fire will transform into the wind wood. Guided by the "Jueyin Conghua theory", the professor Cui xia argues that the key to the pathogenesis of tic disorders and comorbidities lies in the compromised Jueyin pivotal mechanism and aberrant Conghua. The tendency of disease depends on the rise and fall of Jueyin phase fire. If it is too high, the wood will produce fierce wind from fire, and if it is too low, cold and heat will be mixed to generate wind In cases of acute and severe tics, the treatment must concentrate solely on regulating the body, with minor attention to the spirit, prioritizing the method of subduing yang and extinguishing wind. For chronic and mild tics presenting with comorbidity, a concurrent treatment approach is required. This entails simultaneous harmonization of both body and spirit, through dispersing stagnation and nourishing to pacify wind, thereby regulating the qi and blood of the root organ. At the same time, methods such as breath and mental regulation, daoyin (Therapeutic Exercise) and tuina (Chinese medical massage), and spiritual cultivation should be integrated to achieve a combined internal and external therapeutic strategy, enabling a comprehensive intervention for the condition. A case is attached for clinical reference.

Objective: To analyze the curative effect of Huanglian Heye Formula combined with dulaglutide and its influences on insulin resistance and visceral fat index in patients with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of damp heat affecting spleen type.Methods: A total of 80 patients with obese T2DM of damp heat affecting spleen type admitted to Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital were enrolled between January 2023 and December 2024. According to random number table method, they were divided into control group (dulaglutide) and combination group (Huanglian Heye Formula combined with dulaglutide), 40 cases in each group. All patients were treated for 12 weeks. The curative effect, blood glucose indexes [2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA₁c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG)], insulin resistance index (HOMA - IR), scores of TCM syndromes, obesity indexes and adverse reactions in the two groups were compared before and after treatment.Results: The curative effect of combination group was better than that of control group (P <0.05). After treatment, blood glucose indexes, HOMA - IR, scores of TCM syndromes and obesity indexes were decreased in both groups (P < 0.05), and FPG, 2 hPG, HbA₁c, HOMA - IR, scores of TCM syndromes, body fat percentage and visceral fat index in combination group were lower than those in control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Curative effect of Huanglian Heye Formula combined with dulaglutide is good in patients with obese T2DM of damp heat affecting spleen type, which can lower blood glucose, improve insulin resistance, TCM syndromes and reduce visceral fat index.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of liver injury induced by Dictamni Cortex water extract through interference with lipid metabolism in the liver.Methods: Thirty - two SPF - grade male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, high - dose Dictamni Cortex group (8.1 g/kg), medium - dose group (2.7 g/kg), and low - dose group (0.9 g/kg), with 8 rats in each group. The rats were administered by gavage for 8 weeks. Liver weight, liver - to - body weight ratio, and liver toxicity - related indicators were measured to observe changes in the rats' liver. Hematoxylin - eosin (HE) staining and Oil Red O staining were used to assess the pathological changes and lipid droplet accumulation in liver tissues. The mRNA levels of AMPK, PPAR - α, IL - 1β, and TNF - α were detected in liver tissues. Lipid levels in the liver were analyzed by LC - MS/MS, and multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify differentially expressed lipid metabolites.Results: Compared with the control group, the liver - to - body weight ratio was increased in all Dictamni Cortex dose groups(P < 0.01, P < 0.001). In the high - dose group, AST、ALT、ALB levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). HE and Oil Red O staining showed that the high - dose group significantly induced fatty liver lesions in rats. The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors IL - 1β and TNF- α were significantly increased (P < 0.01), while the mRNA levels of PPAR - α, were significantly reduced (P <0.01). Lipidomics analysis showed that, compared to the control group, 156 lipid species were significantly altered in the high - dose group, including glycerolipids, phosphatidylcholine, sphingolipids, etc. Specific lipids such as PC(16∶0/18∶2), PC(16∶0/18∶1)、PC(14∶0/18∶2)、PC(15∶0/18∶2)、TG(16∶0/16∶0/16∶0), TG(18∶0/16∶0/16∶0)、SM(d42∶1), SM (d42∶2), SM (d42∶3) showed significantly variation levels after treatment. These results suggest that the high - dose Dictamni Cortex water extract disturbed lipid metabolism in the liver of rats.Conclusion: The water extract of Dictamni Cortex induces liver injury in rats by interfering with lipid metabolism, particularly sphingolipids (SM), ceramides (Cer), triglycerides (TG), and phosphatidylcholine (PC).

Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetic effects of Aurantii Fructus Carbon Quantum Dots (AFIC-CDs) on paeoniflorin (PF), the main active component of Paeonia.Methods: Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups: high - dose AFIC - CDs (120 mg·mL^-1) and PF co - administration group (H), low - dose AFIC - CDs (60 mg·mL^-1) and PF co - administration group (L), and PF alone (2.0 mg·mL^-1) group (S). Mice were orally administered mixed solutions of high or low - dose AFIC - CDs with the same dose of PF, or PF alone. Paeoniflorin levels in the mouse blood were determined by indirect competitive enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay(icELISA) using anti - PF monoclonal antibodies, and pharmacokinetic parameters of PF were compared among the groups.Results: Co - administration of AFIC - CDs with PF significantly increased PF blood concentration and the area under the blood concentration - time curve (AUC - t) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), with increases observed as the AFIC-CDs concentration increased. Compared to PF administration alone, the Cmax of PF in the high - dose and low - dose AFIC - CDs + PF groups increased from (695.43 ± 229.73) ng·mL^-1 to (1 615.31 ± 245.16) ng·mL^-1 and(973.11 ± 155.90) ng·mL^-1, respectively. The AUC - t increased from (90 181.22 ± 20 926.42) ng·min·mL^-1 to(257 510.74 ± 26 729.64) ng·min·mL^-1 and (116 654.67 ± 11 770.02) ng·min·mL^-1, respectively.Conclusion: AFIC - CDs can enhance the bioavailability of PF, providing scientific evidence for clinical co - medication to improve therapeutic efficacy.

Objective: To investigate the impact of Dahuang Lingxian Formula (Rheum Officinale and Radix Clematidis Formula, DHLX) on the intestinal microbiota's structure and function in guinea pigs suffering from gallbladder stones.Methods: Fifty guinea pigs were randomly assigned to a blank group, a model group, and a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) group. The model group consumed a high - fat diet to induce gallbladder stones, while the TCM group received DHLX for 8 weeks alongside the same high - fat diet. Colon fecal samples were collected at the 8th week and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing for analyzing intestinal flora composition, diversity, and functional predictions.Results: ①The OTU count was 4623 in the normal group, 3970 in the model group, and 4335 in the TCM group; 474 OTUs were common to all three groups. ② Major dominant phyla encompassed Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Spirochaetes. In the model group, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia increased, while Firmicutes and Spirochaetes decreased. Conversely, in the TCM group, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia decreased, while Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes increased. ③ The intestinal flora diversity index (Ace, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson) showed no significant difference between groups. ④ The intestinal flora distribution of the model group significantly diverged from the normal group, with partial overlap observed between the TCM and model groups.⑤In the blank group, Ruminococcus, Rikenellaceae, and other genera were highly expressed; Paludibacteraceae and Verrucomicrobia were prominent in the model group; Alphaproteobacteria and Desulfovibrio were highly expressed in the TCM group. ⑥The intestinal microbiota of the blank group exhibited anaerobic and biofilm synthesis traits. In the model group, Gram - negative bacteria increased, while mobile genetic elements and biofilm synthesis decreased. However, in the TCM group, the characteristics of Gram - negative bacteria and biofilm synthesis were restored.Conclusion: The intestinal microbiota structure undergoes significant changes during gallbladder stone formation, and DHLX effectively regulates the flora, restoring it to a normal steady state.

To investigate the mechanism of Yangxin Granules in regulating GSK3β, COX2 and AQP2 to intervene in water - sodium retention in heart failure rats. Methods: One hundred SPF - grade SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (10 rats) and modeling group (90 rats). The modeling group underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 2 weeks to establish a post - myocardial infarction heart failure model. The modeling group was then randomly divided into model group, Yangxin Granules low - dose, medium - dose, and high - dose groups, tolvaptan group, and combined intervention group (tolvaptan + Yangxin Granules). All groups received once - daily drug interventions. Urine output was collected at 6, 12, and 24 h during weeks 2 and 4 of treatment. After the final administration, cardiac ultrasound was performed to record left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS). Urine output and body weight were recorded, and heart and kidney indices were calculated. Serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were measured by ELISA. Myocardial tissue pathology was observed via HE and Masson staining. Western blot was used to detect expression levels of GSK3β, COX2, and AQP2 proteins in renal tissues.Results: Compared with the model group, Yangxin Granules increased urine output(P < 0.05), decreased serum BNP levels (P <0.05), improved cardiac function (LVEF and LVFS, P < 0.05, P <0.01), and upregulated COX2 expression (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the tolvaptan and combination groups showed downregulated GSK3β and AQP2 expression (P <0.01). Yangxin Granules alleviated myocardial tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusion: Yangxin Granules can regulate renal tubular GSK3β and COX2 expression, thereby inhibiting AQP2, reducing water reabsorption, thus exerting therapeutic effects on water - sodium retention in heart failure.

The concept of "Internal Deficiency and Latent Wind" was proposed by the Miao Xiyong, a physician in Ming Dynasty, based on the understanding of sages, as a new insight into the pathogenesis of stroke. He believed that in the hot and humid southern regions, people are prone to stroke due to the consumption of true yin and dual deficiency of yin and yang; internal heat becomes rampant, and phlegm - heat congests the airways, leading to the obstruction of the meridians and the onset of stroke. This article starts from the theoretical understanding of 'Internal Deficiency and latent Wind' and, combined with the characteristics of cold regions, suggests that the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke in cold areas is related to the depletion of the liver and kidneys, deficiency of yin and yang; internal phlegm - dampness and heat - stasis interplay; external cold invasion and the mutual stimulation of wind and cold; as well as the combined invasion of external and internal dryness. Treatment should pay attention to the climate and physical characteristics of cold regions, focus on dispersing external wind and removing phlegm - stasis, and emphasize replenishing the true yin of the liver and kidneys. Additionally, moistening agents should be used with discretion to nourish yin, moisten dryness, and open the Xuanfu, with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke in cold regions.

The incidence rate of reflux esophagitis with depression is increasing, which is one of the common diseases in the department of spleen and stomach. The location of reflux esophagitis with depression is in Shaoyang, and the main pathogenesis is the dysfunction of the Shaoyang axis. In terms of treatment, the main approach is to choose a formula and use a combination of tonifying and tonifying agents. Shaoyang is unfavorable and the middle qi is disharmonious. It is advisable to treat it by reconciling Shaoyang, harmonizing the stomach, and reducing adverse reactions. The prescription is Xiaochaihu decoction; If Shaoyang loses its power and the fire is in disorder, it should be treated to harmonize Shaoyang and spread the fire, and then choose Chaihu Guizhi Longgu Muli decoction; Shaoyang depression and damp heat are prevalent, and it is advisable to treat them by dividing and dissipating diarrhea, and promoting Shaoyang. The prescription is Haoqin Qingdan decoction. This article explores the etiology and pathogenesis and drugs and treatment of reflux esophagitis with depression from the perspective of Shaoyang, aiming to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of reflux esophagitis with depression.

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with complex causes. It is stubborn, persistent, and difficult to cure, imposing multiple burdens on patients both physiologically, psychologically, and economically. Based on the traditional approach of treating psoriasis through the concept of blood, Professor Wang Yuxi broke through the limitation of treating only the blood and proposed that the disease starts with toxins. External toxins invade and internal toxins accumulate, triggering disease progression, which intertwines with blood heat and blood stasis, ultimately forming a core pathological chain of " toxins-blood stasis-collaterals" where each factor causes the other: toxins induce blood heat, burning the collaterals; blood stasis assists toxins in stagnating the collaterals and prolonging the disease; and the collaterals serve as carriers for the entanglement of toxins and blood stasis, causing skin lesions. Based on this, a phased treatment system was established: during the active phase, clear heat and detoxify, cool the blood and open the collaterals; during the stationary phase, resolve stasis and open the collaterals, eliminate residual toxins; during the regression phase, unblock the collaterals and support the body, nourish the blood and yin. This system is theoretically innovative with its focus on toxins-blood stasis-collaterals, and under this guidance, it fully highlights the unique advantages of the holistic view and syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of psoriasis, providing a new and effective approach for diagnosis and treatment.

This study systematically analyzed the relevant literature on animal models of pulmonary nodules in recent years and integrated the understanding of their etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and syndrome differentiation treatment from both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine. On this basis, the application characteristics of existing models were compared, and their clinical consistency was evaluated from both TCM syndrome types and Western medical indicators. The study found that most existing models were established by inducing inflammation, fibrosis, or tumors, and they performed well in simulating the imaging manifestations of pulmonary nodules. In terms of Western medical indicators, the consistency of the models in pathological and imaging indicators was 70%-85%, indicating that they could well simulate the morphology and some pathological processes of nodules, but there were still limitations in dynamic progression and systemic physiological changes. In terms of TCM syndrome differentiation, the pathological manifestations of the models mostly corresponded to the " phlegm" and " blood stasis" categories, with the highest consistency with the syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis combination (about 60%), but the overall simulation of " deficiency syndromes" such as qi deficiency and yin deficiency was significantly insufficient. In summary, although the existing models can reflect some key features of pulmonary nodules, especially in Western medical indicators and phlegm and blood stasis syndrome types, they still lack systematic simulation of TCM overall syndrome differentiation, especially in the dimension of deficiency syndromes. Future research can utilize multi-omics dynamic monitoring technology to construct new animal models that better conform to the TCM syndrome differentiation concept, in order to provide beneficial references for related research on pulmonary nodules. This study systematically reviewed and analyzed recent literature on animal models of pulmonary nodules. By integrating insights from both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnostic criteria, and syndrome differentiation and treatment of pulmonary nodules, the study compared the applications of existing animal models and evaluated their clinical relevance based on two criteria: consistency with TCM syndrome patterns and alignment with Western medical indicators. The findings indicate that current animal models are primarily established through induction of inflammation, fibrosis, or tumorigenesis, all of which effectively replicate the imaging characteristics of pulmonary nodules. The concordance with Western medical indicators ranges from 70% to 85%. Pathologically, these models most closely reflect the TCM concepts of phlegm and blood stasis, showing the highest correspondence-up to 60%-with the phlegm-stasis intermingling syndrome. While there is a measurable alignment between the pathological features of these models and the TCM theory of phlegm and stasis, they remain limited in representing systemic deficiency patterns. Therefore, future research should aim to integrate multi-omics dynamic monitoring approaches and develop more sophisticated animal models that better embody the holistic principles of TCM syndrome differentiation, thereby providing more meaningful support for pulmonary nodule research.