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Effects of Mulberry Twig Alkaloids on Diabetic Myocardial Fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway
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Sasa KONG1, Mengting WANG1, Han MENG1, Zhaoyu XIE1, Tao XU1, Xuelian FU2, Hui CHE1, 3, *
Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology | 2026, 54(7) : 12 - 17
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Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology | 2026, 54(7): 12-17
Effects of Mulberry Twig Alkaloids on Diabetic Myocardial Fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway
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Sasa KONG1, Mengting WANG1, Han MENG1, Zhaoyu XIE1, Tao XU1, Xuelian FU2, Hui CHE1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
  • 2.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
  • 3.Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Metabolic Diseases Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
Published: 2026-07-20 doi: 10.19664/j.cnki.1002-2392.260134
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Objective:

To investigate the effect of Mulberry twig (Sangzhi) alkaloids (SZ-A), which is a new traditional Chinese medicinal, on myocardial fibrosis in diabetes mellitus (DM) and its underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods:

The diabetic mouse model was established using high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injections. Mice were randomly divided into non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (DM), and SZ-A low- (50 mg/kg/d) or high-dose (100 mg/kg/d) groups. Myocardial fibrosis-related proteins (Collagen Ⅰ, TGF-β1, Smad2/3, and their phosphorylated forms) were analyzed by Western blot, while mRNA levels of fibrosis markers (Collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ, α-SMA, Fn1, Postn) were quantified via qRT-PCR. Molecular docking simulations (AlphaFold2/Autodock) were performed to validate interactions between SZ-A components (DNJ, FGM, DAB) and TGF-β1.

Results:

SZ-A treatment significantly reduced myocardial Collagen deposition in diabetic mice, downregulated mRNA expression of Collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ, α-SMA, Fn1, and Postn (P < 0.05), and suppressed TGF-β1 expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Molecular docking revealed stable binding affinities between DNJ/FGM/DAB and TGF-β1. Exogenous TGF-β1 administration reversed SZ-A's anti-fibrotic effects, restoring Collagen Ⅰ, TGF-β1, and p-Smad2/3 levels (P <0.05).

Conclusion:

SZ-A ameliorates diabetic myocardial fibrosis by targeting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, highlighting its therapeutic potential for diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Mulberry twig alkaloids  /  Cardiac fibrosis  /  TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway  /  Molecular docking
Sasa KONG, Mengting WANG, Han MENG, Zhaoyu XIE, Tao XU, Xuelian FU, Hui CHE. Effects of Mulberry Twig Alkaloids on Diabetic Myocardial Fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway[J]. Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology, 2026 , 54 (7) : 12 -17 . DOI: 10.19664/j.cnki.1002-2392.260134
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Year 2026 volume 54 Issue 7
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Article Info
doi: 10.19664/j.cnki.1002-2392.260134
  • Receive Date：2025-01-17
  • Online Date：2026-09-17
  • Published：2026-07-20
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-01-17
  • Revised：2025-10-16
Funding
Affiliations
    1.School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
    2.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
    3.Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Metabolic Diseases Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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