To study the effectof Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）onmitochondrial energy metabolism of rats with adriamycin induced kidney fibrosis with blood stasis.

Thirty rats were divided into 6 groups random ly，including normal group，model group，Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）low-dose group，Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）medium-dose group，Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）high-dose group and positive control group，with 5 rats in each group.Themitochondrial structure of rat renal tissue was observed by electron microscopy.The contents of adenosine triphosphate（ATP），adenosine diphosphate（ADP），adenosine monophosphate（AMP），the activities of Na⁺ -K⁺ -ATPase，Ca²⁺ -Mg²⁺-ATPase and the activities ofmitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzymeⅠ-Ⅳwere detected by chemical method.The metabolites of urine were analyzed by liquid chromatograph and mass spectrometer.The differential metabolites were enriched by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）metabolic pathway.

Under electron microscope，the mitochondrial structure of renal tissue in the model group was incomplete，and Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）could maintain the homeostasis of renalmitochondrial structure.Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）could increase the mitochondrial ATP contentof the renal tissue，the activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase，Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase andmitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzymeⅠ-Ⅳ.Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）could reduce the contents of mitochondrial ADP and AMP of renal tissue.After analysis and comparison among the groups，11 different urine metabolites were screened，including ferulic acid，forin，arabitol，acetamide，biotin，allantoic acid，6-methylmercaptopurine，4-hydroxy-2-quinolone，aminopentanedioate，6-methyladenine and moupinamide.Further enrichment of urinemetabolites by KEGG in different experimental groups showed that the aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption signal pathway was significantly different.

Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）regulates the differential urine metabolites and raldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption signal pathway.Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）can improve mitochondrial energy metabolism and renal fibrosis in chronic kidney diseases（CKD）rats with blood stasis bymulti-target and multi-pathway.

To explore the effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction（补中益气汤）on abnormal autophagy of hippocampal neurons in autoimmune thyroiditis（AIT）modelmice based on themiR-190b/Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase（PHLPP1）/protein kinase B（AKT）/Forkhead BoxO3a（FOXO3a）pathway.

Fifty female NOD.H-2^h4 mice were randomly divided into blank control group（CG group），model group（MG group），low，medium and high dose groups of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction（BG-1，BG-2，BG-3 groups），with 10 mice in each group.The AITmodelwas established through pig thyroglobulin inductionmethod.After successfulmodeling，the BG-1，BG-2 and BG-3 groups were given 2.73，8.19 and 24.57 g/（kg·d）Buzhong Yiqi Decoction by gavage，respectively.The CG and MG groups were given an equal amount of distilled water by gavage，with a rest of1 day every 6 days for 8 consecutive weeks.Morriswatermaze experiment was used to test the spatial learning and memory abilities of mice.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）was used to detect the levels of serum triiodothyronine（T₃），tetraiodothyronine（T₄），thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）and thyroglobulin antibody（TgAb）in mice.Hematoxylin eosin（HE）stainingmethod was used to observe the morphological changes of mouse thyroid tissue.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons in mice.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the positive expression of LC3 in the hippocampal CA1 region of mouse brain tissue.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）was used to detect the expressions ofmiR-190b-5p and PHLPP1 mRNA in mouse hippocampal tissue.The Wes fully automated Western blot quantitative analysis system detected the protein levels of Beclin1，LC3，P62，PHLPP1，AKT，p-AKT，FOXO3a and p-FOXO3a inmouse hippocampal tissue.The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment confirmed the targeting relationship bet weenmiR-190b-5p and PHLPP1.

Compared with those of the CG group，the escape latency of MG group was significantly prolonged（P<0.01），and the number of crossing platforms and target quadrant residence time were significantly reduced（P<0.01）.The serum TgAb content significantly increased（P<0.01）.The size of thyroid follicles varies，and there was a large amount of lymphocyte infiltration in the stroma of follicles and damaged hippocampal neuronal structure with the appearance of autophagosomes.The average fluorescence intensity of LC3 in hippocampal CA1 region increased（P<0.01）.The expression levels of Beclin1，LC3，PHLPP1 and FOXO3a proteins in hippocampal tissue increased，while the expression levels of P62，p-AKT/AKT and p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a proteins decreased（P<0.01）.ThemiR-190b-5p level in hippocampal tissue decreased，while the PHLPP1mRNA level increased（P<0.01）.Compared with the MG group，the BG-1，BG-2 and BG-3 groups significantly shortened the escape latency ofmice（P<0.05，P<0.01），and increased the number of times they crossed the platform and the target quadrant residence time（P<0.01）.The structure of thyroid follicular epithelial cells was relatively intact，and the infiltration of lymphocytes significantly improved.The morphology and structure of hippocampalneurons recovered，and autophagosomes decreased.The average fluorescence intensity of LC3 in hippocampal CA1 region decreased（P<0.01）.The expression levels of Beclin1，LC3，PHLPP1 and FOXO3a proteins in mouse hippocampal tissue decreased，while the expression levels of P62，p-AKT/AKT and p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a proteins increased（P<0.05，P<0.01）.ThemiR-190b-5p level in hippocampal tissue increased，while the PHLPP1 mRNA level significantly decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）.The dual luciferase assay confirmed that PHLPP1 was a targeted regulatorymolecule of miR-190b-5p.

Buzhong Yiqi Decoction may improve abnormal autophagy in hippocampal neurons of AITmice by regulating themiR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway，thereby reducing hippocampal neuronal damage and alleviating cognitive dysfunction.

Taking the odor as the research object，this paper revealed the scientific connotation of the qualitative standard that“the drugwith strong odor has good quality”of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）.

The contents of9monomer components and polyphenols in 53 batches of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetricmethod.The odor of the samples was quantified by electronic nose technology，and the correlation between the two was analyzed by bivariate correlation method.Taking the quantitative characteristic value of odor as the index，the qualitative identificationmodel of gas-based quality evaluation of differentgrades of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）was established by using chemometrics method.

Gastrodin，protocatechuic acid，4-hydroxybenzaldehyde，vanillin，parishin B and polyphenols were all positively correlated with the odor.Differentgrades of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）can be distinguished by PCA and DFA models.

The stronger the odor of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）is，the higher the contents of the above-mentioned pharmacodynamic components are，which reveals the traditional mechanism that“the drug with strong odor has good quality”of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）.The establishment of a qualitative identification model based on objective quantification of odor can be used for the identification of differentgrades of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma），which lays a foundation for the quality evaluation of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）.

To explore the clinical effect of ultrasound-guided needle knife dissection combined with lumbar inclined plate method in the treatment of gluteal epithelial nerve compression syndrome based on the theory of“bone alignment and tendon flexibility”.

Sixty patients with gluteal epithelial nerve compression syndrome who received treatment in the Orthopedic Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects.Using the random number allocation method，the patients were randomly divided into a control group（30 cases）and an experimental group（30 cases）.The control group was treated with ultrasound-guided needle knife dissection，while the experimental group was treated with a combination of ultrasound-guided needle knife dissection and lumbar inclined plate dissection under the guidance of the“bone alignment and tendon flexibility”theory.The treatment period for both groupswas 4 weeks.After treatment，the clinical efficacy，Visual Analog Scale（VAS）score，Oswestry Disability Index（ODI）score，shear wave Young'smodulus values of the lumbar multifidus and psoasmajor muscles，and the changes in surface electromyography were compared between the two groups.

Compared with the control group，the experimental group had a higher clinical total effective rate after 4 weeks of treatment，but there was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups（P>0.05）.Compared with those before treatment，VAS scores and ODI scores in both groups showed a decreasing trend after treatment and 4 weeks follow-up（P<0.05）.Compared with those of the control group，the VAS score and ODIscore of the experimental group were lower after treatment and 4 weeks follow-up（P<0.05）.Compared with those before treatment，the shearwave Young'smodulus values of the bilateral multifidus and lumbar muscles in the experimental group showed a decreasing trend after treatment and 4 weeks follow-up（P<0.05）.Compared with those before treatment，there was no statistically significant difference in the shearwave Young'smodulus values of the bilateral multifidus and lumbar muscles in the control group after treatment and 4 weeks follow-up（P>0.05）.Compared with the control group，the shearwave Young'smodulus values of the bilateral multifidus and lumbar muscles in the experimental group were lower after treatment and 4 weeks follow-up（P<0.05）.Compared with those before treatment，the average amplitude of electromyography on both sides of the multifidus and lumbar muscles in the experimental group showed an increasing trend after treatmentand 4 weeks follow-up（P<0.05）.Compared with those before treatment，there was no statistically significant difference in the average amplitude of surface electromyography of the multifidus and psoasmajormuscles in the control group after treatmentand 4 weeks follow-up（P>0.05）.Compared with those in the control group，the average amplitude of surface electromyography of the multifidus and psoasmajor muscles in the experimental group was higher after treatment and 4 weeks follow-up（P<0.05）.

The combination of ultrasound-guided needle knife dissection method and lumbar inclined plate method based on the concept of“bone alignment and tendon flexibility”can significantly improve the short-term and long-term clinical effects of treating gluteal epithelial nerve compression syndrome，with advantages such as high safety，minimal trauma and rapid recovery.

To investigate the effects of preparation and processing methods on the contents of oil components in Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）and clarify the correlation between oil components with medicinal properties，in order to provide guidance for processing research and clinical application.

The extraction of volatile oil refers to the volatile oil determination method A in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia，and the Soxhlet method was used to extract fatty oil.Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry（GC-MS）was used to identify the oil components and their relative contents.Thermographic analysis was used to clarify the characteristics of the influence of different preparation and processing methods on oil components.Combined with literature review，the correlation of processing，preparation，components and properties was discussed.

The oil components weremainly fatty acids.The order of the extraction rate of fatty oil was fresh Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）>raw Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）>steaming with wine≈stewing with wine>steaming and exposing nine times with Sharen（Amomi Fructus）>steaming without ingredients，and the order of the volatile oil extraction rate was stewing with wine>steaming with wine>steaming and exposing nine times with Sharen（Amomi Fructus）>raw Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）≈steaming without ingredients>fresh Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）.The heatmap analysis of fatty oil and volatile oil showed that Shudihuang（Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata）stewing with wine and that steaming and exposing nine times with Sharen（Amomi Fructus）were clustered one category.

The changes and adjustments of the types and relative contents of oil componentswere important material basis for the differences in medicinal property of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）processed products.Adding wine，Sharen（Amomi Fructus）or increasing steaming and exposing times were helpful in reducing the cold nature of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix），and the greasy nature of Shudihuang（Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata），and enhance thewarming-reinforcing effect.The volatile oil components in different products of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）were the material basis of their“Qiwei”.