Neurodegenerative diseases（NDDs）are a complex group of conditions caused by progressive degeneration and dysfunction of cells and tissues in the central nervous system.The pathogenesis is intricate，and they are often chronic and difficult to cure，with no effective treatments currently available.Recent studies have shown that Chuanxiong（Chuanxiong Rhizoma），a traditional Chinese medicinal herb，exhibits a wide array of pharmacological effects.The main components of Chuanxiong（Chuanxiong Rhizoma）possess advantages in treating NDDs throughmulti-targetandmulti-pathwaymechanisms.This article reviewed the latest research advancements in the field of Chuanxiong（Chuanxiong Rhizoma）application to NDDs，primarily Parkinson's disease（PD），Alzheimer's disease（AD）and epilepsy.It summarized the use of Chuanxiong（Chuanxiong Rhizoma）and its compound formulations in the treatment of NDDs over recent years.The article particularly delved into the pharmacological effects of its active ingredients，including ferulic acid，tetramethylpyrazine（TMP），vanillic acid and ligustilide，in terms of their anti-inflammatory，antioxidant，anti-apoptotic，neurotoxicity-reducing，immunomodulatory and mitochondrial function-improving properties.This review served as a theoretical foundation for the future development of natural drugs derived from Chuanxiong（Chuanxiong Rhizoma）for the prevention and treatment of NDDs.