Silk fibroin is a type of natural polymer that has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and is also easy to modify. It also possesses low cytotoxicity and is non-immunogenic and therefore it is widely used for the delivery of anti-tumor drugs. Most anti-tumor drugs suffer from low solubility, poor pharmacokinetics and high off-target toxicity. Therefore finding and developing appropriate drug delivery systems is urgently requires to solve these problems and improve the treatment of patients. This paper briefly reviews the structure and characteristics of silk fibroin, the preparation and the different types as well as the research progress of silk fibroin nanocarriers for anti-tumor drugs delivery. This paper also summerizes the research progress of silk fibroin nanocarrier application in photodynamic, photothermal and gene therapy for the treatment of malignant tumors. Based on our summery, silk fibroin has prospects for a broad application as a delivery system of anti-tumor drugs. Therefor it seems that silk fibroin will be a promising and important carrier material for novel formulations of anti-tumor drugs.

Autophagy is a kind of programmed cell death that maintains metabolic and energetic homeostasis in organisms, which involves degradation of proteins, organelles, and other components. Mitophagy is a highly selective autophagy, which achieves its own metabolites and energy requirements by degrading excess or damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy plays an important role in the development of diseases, as one of selective autophagy most studied up to now. Some compounds have been found to induce mitophagy in cells through different mitochondrial signaling pathways, affecting the disease. In the current review, we summarized the mechanism of mitophagy induction and compounds that induce mitophagy are summarized, with the aim to provide a reference for the research and development of new drugs targeting mitochondria.

Methyltransferase-like proteins (METTL) are a kind of enzyme proteins that exist widely in human body, with a binding domain of nucleic acids, proteins, and other small molecules. METTL catalyzes methylation using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a substrate. Methylation is one of the important modifications of proteins and nucleic acids and is one of the important topics in epigenetic. Members of the METTL family are considered to be methyltransferases in the methylation of nucleic acids and proteins, and understanding the mechanisms by which these potential enzymes act can help understand their functions and substrate specificity. With the development of research, it has been found that METTL family is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumor diseases, and its relationship with tumor diseases is clarified. It can be used as a target of molecular therapy and plays an important role in tumor prognosis. In this review, the classification, mechanism of action and relationship between METTL family and tumor were reviewed in order to provide new ideas and new targets for tumor pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of different drying methods on multiple index constituents in Lysimachiae Herba. METHODS A comprehensive analytical method employed with ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was used for simultaneous determination of forty-four constituents including flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids, and nucleosides in Lysimachiae Herba. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), gray relation analysis (GRA), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) methods were applied to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the results of multiple index constituents. RESULTS HCA results showed that seven different drying methods were mainly divided into two categories, the first category was sun drying and shady drying, and the second category was drying at different temperatures, microwave drying, and freeze drying. In addition, GRA and TOPSIS results showed that sun drying samples had better quality, and shady drying and freeze drying could be used as alternative drying methods. CONCLUSION This study can provide a basis for revealing the scientific connotation of traditional drying method of Lysimachiae Herba, and provide information for the optimization of drying method during the processing of Lysimachiae Herba.

OBJECTIVE To establish a highly specific TaqMan real-time PCR method for the identification of Periplaneta americana medicinal materials and Periplaneta americana powder.METHODS According to the characteristics of genome sequence of Periplaneta americana, specific primers and probes suitable for real-time PCR detection were designed, and the probe concentration, cycle times and annealing temperature were optimized to establish the best TaqMan real-time PCR method of Periplaneta americana. RESULTS The specific primers and probes were only specifically amplified from Periplaneta americana medicinal materials and Periplaneta americana powder, and no fluorescence curves were amplified from Blaptica dubia, Eupolyphaga Sinensis W. Blattella germanica and Aspongopus chinensis Dallas. CONCLUSION The established TaqMan real-time PCR method can accurately and rapidly identify Periplaneta americana and common counterfeit products, providing a more specific technical reference for the identification of Periplaneta americana.

OBJECTIVE To observe whether resveratrol can alleviate oxidative stress injury of mouse spermatogonium by regulating mitochondrial autophagy through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. METHODS Control group, H₂O₂ group, H₂O₂+RES group, and H₂O₂+RES+Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) group were set up, and each group was given the appropriate treatment. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8, SOD, MDA, GSH-PX, LDH and ATP levels were determined by kits, mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1, MitoTracker^® Green FM was used to detect the morphology of live cell mitochondria, Hoechst 33342 staining was used to detect the rate of nuclear apoptosis, cell ultrastructure and mitochondrial autophagy changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, autophagy proteins LC3, P62, and pathway-related proteins AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR, and p-mTOR. RESULTS H₂O₂ promoted oxidative stress damage in Gc-1 spg cells, activated the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and mitochondrial autophagy, increased the expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3, and decreased the expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and P62. RES could alleviate oxidative stress damage in Gc-1 spg cells, further increase the expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3, reduce the expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and P62, and promote mitochondrial autophagy in Gc-1 spg cells. AMPK inhibitor can reverse the protective effect of RES on oxidative stress injury of Gc-1 spg cells, inhibit the activities of SOD and GSH-PX and increase the levels of MDA and LDH, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, increase mitochondrial damage, destroy the nucleus, increase the expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and P62, and reduce the expression levels of Bcl-2 and LC3, increase cell apoptosis rate and reduce mitophagy. CONCLUSION RES may promote mitochondrial autophagy and alleviate mitochondrial oxidative stress damage and apoptosis in Gc-1 spg cells through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of ginkgo flavone on androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in mice. METHODS AGA model of mice was established by applying 1 mg·mL^-1 (mass concentration) testosterone solution after hair removal in blank group, model group, positive drug group and drug administration group. The positive drug group was coated with 50 mg·mL^-1 (mass concentration) minoxidil, and the administration group was coated with 5%, 10% and 20% (mass fraction) ginkgo flavone solution, respectively. The hair growth rates of mice in the hair removal area on day 28 were observed. The hair qualities and numbers of hair follicles were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and HE staining. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A) and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) in skin were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and Western blot(WB), and the levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrogen, and ROS in the skin tissue were detected by ELISA. RESULTS Compared with the model group, ginkgo flavone could significantly accelerate the growth rate of hair in AGA model mice, increase the number of hair follicles, and increase the length, diameter and scale size of regenerated hair. The mechanism study found that ginkgo flavone could increase the level of VEGF-A in the skin of mice, reduce the level of hair growth inhibitor TGF-β, and had a certain regulatory effect on the level of sex hormones in the skin of mice, while the model under this experimental condition may not be related to oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Ginkgo flavone can promote hair regeneration and improve the quality of regenerated hair in AGA model mice, and its mechanism may be related to promoting hair follicle regeneration by reducing the level of androgens in the skin, decreasing the expression of TGF-β, and increasing the expression of VEGF-A.

OBJECTIVE To establish a small column centrifugation combined with HPLC method for the determination of encapsulation efficiency for aptamer-modified cantharidin (CTD) liposomes targeting nano-system carrier system (Apt-CTD-NLP), and investigate the pharmaceutical characteristics. METHODS The surface of CTD-Lip was modified by chemical self-assembly technology by aptamer to construct Apt-CTD-NLP, and its pharmaceutical properties were characterized. CTD-Lip was made by the thin film dispersion method. Using the recovery rate of blank liposomes column and the elution rate of free CTD as indexes, the optimum centrifugation conditions of small column were investigated by single factor, and the encapsulation rate of Apt-CTD-NLP was quantitatively determined by HPLC. RESULTS Apt-CTD-NLP was regularly round and spherical, and the mean particle size, PDI and Zeta potential were (101.0±1.058) nm, (0.208±0.012) and (-1.9±0.397) mV, and had a sustained release effect. The optimal conditions for separation of free CTD by dextran gel column were as follows: 400 μL loading volume, standing adsorption for 25 min, centrifugation for 5 min at 1 000 r·min^-1, and elution with deionized water for 3 times (500 μL, 1 000 r· min^-1×5 min). The average encapsulation rate of three batches of Apt-CTD-NLP was (94.56±0.80)%. CONCLUSION For lipophilic small molecule drug liposomes, column centrifugation combined with HPLC can quickly and effectively separate liposomes from free drugs, and determine the encapsulation rate of Apt-CTD-NLP.

OBJECTIVE To prepare and calibrate the first batch of national standard (NS) of pormestriene for the sake of fulfilling the requirement of quality control on it and related drug products in domestic. METHODS The structure of candidate pormestriene was confirmed by MS, NMR, IR and UV. Physical-chemical analysis was carried out. According to different national drug standard methods, the purity of the candidate was determined, the value was assigned by mass balance method, and the uniformity and stability of the candidate were investigated. RESULTS The candidate was homogenous with promestriene, and the content was 99.6% measured by mass balance method.Uniformity inspection met the requirements. The product should be stored at 10-30 ℃, shaded and sealed. CONCLUSION The candidate was confirmed to be promestriene, which can be used as the first national standard, the content is 99.6%, and it can be used as a reference for the identification and content determination of promestriene and related preparations.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determining the relative correction factor (RCF) based on quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) and chromatography, and explore the suitability and accuracy of the method. METHODS The spectral constants of all excited atoms are the same in the qNMR experiment. The ratio of the amount of the substances was calculated by qNMR, and the chromatographic peak area was determined by chromatography. Then the RCF was calculated from the above two results. Taking the correction factor of dimethyl terephthalate relative to coumarin as an example, the reliability of the method was verified. Then the method was used to calculate the RCF of pre-vitamin D₃. RESULTS The RCF values obtained by slope ratio method, multi-point method, fusion technology were the same. The experimental result verified the reliability of the method. In addition, this method was used to determine the RCF of pre-vitamin D₃ relative to vitamin D₃. The results were consistent with those reported in the literature, which further proved that the calculation method was accurate and reliable. CONCLUSION This method provides a new idea for calculating RCF in the absence of reference substance, and solves the problem of difficult determination of RCF of compounds with unstable properties or unavailable standards.

OBJECTIVE To explore and analyze the occurrence of pustular psoriasis caused by ustekinumab in order to provide references for clinical safety drug use. METHODS The case report of ustekinumab-induced pustular psoriasis published in PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were searched for statistical analysis from the establishment of each database to December 2023. RESULTS A total of 8 patients were included in 8 literatures, including 3 males (37.50%) and 5 females (62.50%), aged from 30 to 58 years. Pustular psoriasis occurred 2 days to 10 weeks after the first treatment with ustekinumab, of which 4 cases (50.00%) occurred after the first injection. The lesions include trunk(50.00%), limbs(50.00%), back(12.50%), palm(50.00%), sole of foot(25.00%) and scalp(12.50%). The lesions are scattered in red spots, exfoliated plaques or scales, scattered in pustules, with or without inflammation, pain and pruritus. The prognosis was good. Five patients (62.50%) got better quickly after treatment with immunosuppressive agents and glucocorticoids after drug withdrawal. The total treatment cycle was 1-8 weeks. All the patients who did not stop treatment also improved, but the probability of contradictory pustular lesions occurring again was high (66.67%). CONCLUSION In the process of clinical use of ustekinumab, the potential psoriasis, especially pustular psoriasis should be realized. By collecting the drug treatment history, clarifying the time relationship, identifying other possible triggering factors, and making accurate diagnosis with the help of clinical symptoms and histopathological examination. If necessary, stop the drug or adjust the treatment plan in time to ensure drug safety.

OBJECTIVE To provide suggestions for the further development of pharmacy practice research and high-quality development of pharmaceutical care in China. METHODS With comprehensive literature review, relevant websites and conference reports, this paper reviewed the progress of research on pharmacy practice in the world, and summarized the enlightenment to China. RESULTS Pharmacy practice research belongs to a sub-direction of health service research, which has been developing globally for more than 50 years, and focuses on analyzing and evaluating the value of pharmacy practice with scientific methods, which is of great importance to improve the quality of pharmaceutical work, explore new pharmaceutical care models. China is in the initial stage, we should combine the international development experience, explore the methodology suitable for China, organically combine practice and scientific research. CONCLUSION Pharmacy practice research is the necessary basis for the further development of pharmacy practice. China should keep up with the international pace, gradually establish a standardized pharmacy practice research system, and promote the high-quality development of pharmaceutical care.

OBJECTIVE To establish a design scheme for the traceability and labeling system of exported vaccine products, in order to meet the technical requirements of the World Health Organization(WHO) and some Western countries for vaccine traceability and labeling. METHODS By studying the laws, regulations, standards, and policy documents on vaccine traceability labeling at home and abroad, the similarities and differences between domestic and foreign traceability labeling systems were analyzed and compared. RESULTS A technical solution for traceability coding, labeling, carrier, printing, and other aspects of exported vaccine products was established based on the GS1 standard system that meets domestic and international requirements. CONCLUSION It is necessary to strengthen the formulation of policies and standards for the traceability and labeling system for exported vaccine products in China, and implement and promote them.