To establish a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum in series method for the quantification of 7-hydroxycoumarin，fraxetin，isofraxidin and scopoletin in the aqueous extract of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma Seu Caulis in rat plasma，and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability in rats.

The chromatography was performed on Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD aQ（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.9 μm）column with 0.1% aqueous formic acid -0.1% acetonitrile formic acid solution (82：18) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.30 mL·min^-1，and column temperature of 40 ℃. Mass spectrometry positive ion mode scan was used，and sample size was 5 μL. Healthy SD rats were selected for a single gavage of 10 mL·kg^-1 of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma Seu Caulis water extract (equivalent to the dose of 1 g·kg^-1 of the original drug). Plasma concentration of the substances was determined at different time intervals after administration，and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS software by non-atrioventricular model fitting.

The methodological results showed that 7-hydroxycoumarin (r=0.999 4)，fraxetin (r=0.998 9)，isofraxidin (r=0.999 3) and scopoletin (r=0.998 4) had good linearity in the range of 0.05-55 μg·mL^-1，and RSDs of precision of the four substances were all less than 15%. The recovery was 85%-115%. The absolute bioavailability ranged from 59% to 78%，and the relative bioavailability ranged from 80% to 87%. The extraction recovery，matrix effect and stability met the relevant requirements.

After a single gavage of the aqueous extract of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma Seu Caulis in rats，the four substances to be tested are absorbed and eliminated by rats. The method validation results are in line with the guiding principles of biological sample analysis methods，and can be applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability of the aqueous extract of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma Seu Caulis in rats.

To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of 16 photoinitiator residuce levels in medicinal composite membranes，including benzophenone (BP) and 4-methylbenzophenone (4-MBP).

The samples were extracted by ethylacetate，separated with TR-5MS column. The mass spectrum was analyzed with EI ionization，positive ion mode and selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode and quantified with internal standard method.

The 16 kinds of photoinitiators had good linear relationships in the range of 0.05-2.0 μg·mL^-1，and the correlation coefficients (r) were more than 0.997. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.03 μg·mL^-1. The average recoveries were (n=6) ranged from 81.3% to 94.0%，with RSDs of 2.1%-6.2%. The detection rate of 4-Isopropylthioxanthone (4-ITX) in the medicinal composite membranes was 30%，and the highest content was 0.02 μg·cm^-2.

The method is accurate with high sensitivity and simple pretreatment，which can be used for the detecting the kinds of photoinitiators in medicinal composite membranes.

To investigate the microbial contamination in commercially available Angelicae Sinensis Radix decoction pieces and analyze the potential safety risks.

According to the General Principles of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (referred to as the “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”) (2020 edition <1108 Microbial Limit Examination of Chinese Herbal Medicine>)，the total aerobic microbial count (TAMC)，total combined yeasts and molds count (TYMC)，heat-resistant bacterial count，control pathogens，and bile-tolerant gram-negative bacterial count were determined. High-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to analyze the dominant microbial species present in representative samples and identify potential objectionable microorganisms.

There was a high level of uncertainty regarding microbial contamination in commercially available Angelicae Sinensis Radix，and the dominant group in different types had significant differences. The TAMC ranged from 10² to 10⁶ CFU·g^-1，while a uneven contamination of bile-tolerant gram-negative bacteria，including potentially pathogenic species such as Acinetobacter baumannii，Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae，but Salmonella was not detected in any samples. The total combined yeasts and molds count ranged from 10¹ to 10³ CFU·g^-1.

The microbial contamination in Angelicae Sinensis Radix is severe and uneven. More data is needed to improve testing methods and evaluation standards for assessing the risk of microbial contamination in Chinese herbal medicine. High-throughput sequencing can provide a more accurate assessment of microbial risks in decoction samples of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.

To establish a three classification model for cultivated，semi-wild，and wild Astragali Radix characterized by flavonoids，and explore and evaluate the application of techniques of automated machine learning and data augmentation in the field of drug analysis.

Firstly，correlation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted on the flavonoid content data of Astragali Radix，and models of decision tree and logistic regression were established to analyze the importance of flavonoid components based on the models. Then，using the AutoGluon framework with 5 as num_bag_folds，2 sets of 30 models respectively through 64 batches of real data and 600 batches of virtual data generated based on real data with the TVAE table data generation algorithm for training were obtained，and these models were evaluated by accuracy.

The analysis of machine learning models，indicated that formononetin，campanulin and onospin played the important roles in the quality control of Astragali Radix，especially for the source grade control. The accuracy of model prediction showed that the models based on Neural Net and tree-model always had the best classification effect for Astragali Radix. The virtual data generated by data augmentation technique is basically consistent with the actual data in terms of the accuracy trend of the model training process.

Related techniques of machine learning have good application value in the classification of Astragali Radix characterized by flavonoids.

To explore the effects of key operating units such as different water contents and drying methods in processing methods on the content of main active ingredients in Atractylodes chinensis（DC.）Koidz. fresh cutting slices. To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of five active ingredient (atractylenolide Ⅲ，atractylenolideⅠ，atractylodin，β-eudesmol，atractylon) in Atractylodes chinensis.

The Supersil ODS2 column (250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm ) was used，the mobile phase was 0.1% phosphoric acid (A)- methanol(B) with gradient elution，at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1，the detection wavelength was 220，270，203 nm，and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method and cluster analysis were combined to determine the best method of fresh cutting process of Atractylodes chinensis.

The validation results of the content determination methodology were good. The contents of five components(atractylenolide Ⅲ，atractylenolide Ⅰ，atractylodin，β-eudesmol，atractylon) were 0.052-0.243，0.195-1.015，2.022-4.418，0.119-5.049，0.209-8.638 mg·g^-1，respectively. The optimal cutting moisture content range of Atractylodes chinensis fresh cutting was (40%±3%)-(50%±3%). The results of ANOVA showed that the contents of atractylenolide Ⅲ，atractylenin，β-eudesmol and atractylone were significantly higher in the seven processing(S1-S7) of fresh cutting than in the traditional raw-tanning group(S8). The entropy weight-TOPSIS analysis showed that 60 ℃ microwave drying，40 ℃ microwave drying and 50 ℃ blast drying slices pieces have better quality. Cluster analysis resulted in three groups，accounting for 12.5%，50% and 37.5% respectively.

The results indicate that different drying methods and temperatures have a significant impact on the quality of Atractylodes chinensis slices. This study is valuable for the subsequent research in Atractylodes chinensis fresh cutting slices.

To base on the method of HPLC fingerprint，multi-component quantification and chemical pattern recognition，to evaluate the quality of leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata from different producing areas and to provide basis for further development and utilization.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the contents of amentoflavone，bilobetin，hinokiflavone，ginkgetin，isoginkgetin and sciadopitysin in the Cunninghamia lanceolata. Fingerprints of 10 batches of Cunninghamia lanceolata from different habitats were established. Based on the common peak area of the fingerprint，the overall quality of Cunninghamia lanceolata was evaluated by principal component analysis(PCA)，orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)，statistical analysis，and pattern recognition chemometrics methods.

A total of 14 common peaks in 10 batches of leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata，and the similarity ranged from 0.955 to 1.000 with good consistency. The mass fractions of six biflavones in the sample were 2.42-5.24 mg·g^-1，0.10-0.24 mg·g^-1，1.55-3.67 mg·g^-1，0.21-0.89 mg·g^-1，0.10-0.24 mg·g^-1 and 0.51-2.39 mg·g^-1，respectively，including amentoflavone，bilobetin，hinokiflavone，ginkgetin，isoginkgetin and sciadopitysin. According PCA，the difference in the quality of Cunninghamia lanceolata from different habitats was further evaluated. Ten batches of medicinal materials were divided into three major categories，and four main factors affecting the classification of Cunninghamia lanceolata were found. Finally，OPLS-DA screened the excellent spectral peaks 6，12，7 (7-demethylated ginkgo biloba biflavone)，13 (kumatsu biflavone)，5 (Amentotaxus argotaenia biflavone)，9 (chamaecypress biflavone) and 2，etc，seven differential markers can be used to distinguish different batches of Cunninghamia lanceolata.

The established method is simple to stable and reliable. Combined with chemical pattern recognition，it can be used for the quality evaluation of Cunninghamia lanceolata.

To provide a basis for determining the quality markers(Q-Marker) of Lilii Bulbus decoction prepared slices by analyzing the Q-Marker of Lilii Bulbus by fingerprint，multi-component content determination and network pharmacology.

The fingerprints of 15 batches of Lilii Bulbus prepared slices were established by HPLC，and the common peaks were analyzed chemometrically to screen out the differential components. The contents of the differential components were determined to compare the differences between samples from different habitats. The main pathways through which the differential components of Lilii Bulbus exert their antidepressant effects were analyzed based on network pharmacology，and the differential components were subjected to in vitro cellular antidepressant assays，and finally the Q-Markers of Lilii Bulbus prepared slices were analyzed based on the principle of quality marker screening.

Sixteen common peaks were identified in the 15 batches of Lilii Bulbus extracts，all with similarities above 0.931，7 of which were identified and 4 differential components were screened using chemometrics. The content of the components of regaloside A，regaloside B，and regaloside C were determined in the 15 batches of Lilii Bulbus extracts，and the network pharmacological study revealed that the differential components might exert their antidepressant effects through the targets of TNF，GAPDH and MAPK3，regulating. The results of cellular experiments showed that compared with the model group，the cellular viability of the low，medium and high dose groups of Lilii Bulbus extract was significantly increased (P<0.01)，and the cellular viability of the low，medium and high dose groups of regaloside A，regaloside B，and regaloside C was significantly increased (P<0.01).

The fingerprinting and network pharmacology studies suggested that regaloside A，regaloside B，and regaloside C as quality markers of Lilii Bulbus prepared slices，which can provide reference for Lilii Bulbus quality control and pharmacological efficacy studies.

To establish HPLC characteristic chromatogram and multi-index component determination methods，so as to effectively distinguish Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (GH)，Pueraria thomsonii Benth (FGH) and their confusing species，and to evaluate the quality of Puerariae Flos.

HPLC was used to analyze the chemical components from different Puerariae Flos with different commercial specifications. The chromatographic conditions were optimized，and the characteristic chromatogram was established. Principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) analysis were used to analyze the characteristic chromatogram data of Puerariae Flos with different commercial specifications and to select the differential markers of Puerariae Flos. The differential markers were identified by comparing them with the reference substance，and their contents were determined and the determination results were analyzed.

HPLC characteristic chromatograms of GH，FGH and their confusing species were established，and a total of 18，27，18 and 8 common peaks were matched in GH，FGH，Pueraria lobata var. montana (GMM) and Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet (ZTH) respectively. Ten chromatographic peaks were identified，including puerarin (Pu)，daidzin (Da)，daidzein (Dae)，genistin (Ge)，genistein (Gee)，kakkalide (Ka)，glycitin (Gl)，tectoridin (Td)，tectorigenin (Tg) and tectorigenin-7-O-xylosylglucoside (Tx)，and HPLC method for the determination of the above ten components was established simultaneously. The results of PCA and PLS-DA could distinguish four kinds of samples with different commercial specifications. Gl，Tx，Ge，Td，Ka and one unknown compound 6 were the components with significant differences between the samples with four different commodity specifications. The chemical components of GH and FGH were obviously different from their adulterants. The content of Ka in GH were 10 times as much as that in FGH，and the content of Ge was half as much as that in FGH. Da，Gl was not detected in GH.

The established characteristic chromatogram，chemometrics and multi-index component determination method in this study is rapid，simple，objectively and effectively and comprehensive quality evaluation of Puerariae Flos，which can provide the references for improving the quality control standard of Puerariae Flos.