To understand the concentration characteristics of fluoride in drinking water and the health risk of population exposure in Huanggang City, analyze the epidemic status of dental fluorosis in Huanggang City, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis.

Drinking water samples were collected from water quality monitoring sites in 10 counties of Huanggang City from 2020 to 2024, and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years was randomly sampled from 24 villages in the drinking-water fluorosis area of Huanggang City. Excel 2016 and SPSS 20.0 were used to analyze the data. The health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was used for population health risk assessment.

A total of 3 850 drinking water samples were monitored in Huanggang City from 2020 to 2024. The median fluoride concentration was 0.19 mg/L, and the concentration range was 0.03-0.86 mg/L. There were significant differences in fluoride concentration among different years, water periods, disinfection methods and regions (χ²=60.695, Z=-8.908, χ²= 19.585, χ²=3 754.425; all P<0.001). Water fluorine was strongly correlated with pH, total dissolved solids and chloride (r=0.619, 0.520, 0.516, respectively; all P<0.001). The median and maximum hazard quotient (HQ) values for non-carcinogenic health risk from fluoride exposure through drinking water intake were less than 1, and the difference of non-carcinogenic health risk values among different regions was statistically significant (H=77.626, P=0.027). A total of 5 667 children from infected villages in Huanggang City were monitored from 2020 to 2024. The average annual detection rate of dental fluorosis was 0.49%, and the detection rate in five years ranged from 0.11%to 0.74%, with statistically significant differences among different regions (χ²=123.584, P<0.001).

From 2020 to 2024, the qualified rate of fluoride content in drinking water in Huanggang City was 100%, and the detection rate of dental fluorosis was less than 30%, which met the national standard of elimination of endemic fluorosis, but there are obvious differences between regions. Relevant departments need to focus on the health risk of fluoride exposure and the epidemic trend of dental fluorosis in Hong’an and Wuxue areas. We will take targeted measures to prevent and control endemic fluorosis.

This study aims to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and frailty using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods and assess the potential mediating or masking effects of immune cells in this relationship.

Genome-wide association study data for 473 gut microbiota taxa, 731 immune cell characteristics, and frailty were extracted from the GWAS Catalog. A two-sample MR approach was employed to evaluate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and frailty. To identify the mediating or masking effects of immune cells, a two-step MR strategy was applied, and reverse MR analysis was conducted to validate the unidirectional nature of the causal mediation pathway (gut microbiota →immune cells → frailty).

The study found that 4 gut microbiota taxa and 17 immune cell characteristics had causal associations with frailty. Mediation analysis revealed two causal mediation pathways: phylum Firmicutes A → CD28+ CD45RA+ CD8br AC → frailty, and species Lachnospira rogosae → CD62L-CD86 + myeloid DC %DC → frailty. Immune cell characteristics acted as masking effects in both pathways, and reverse MR analysis supported the unidirectional nature of these causal relationships.

The causal associations and mediation effects identified in this study provide a theoretical basis and direction for the development of frailty management strategies based on gut microbiota and immune cells.

To analyze the factors influencing of physical activity in frail older adults in nursing homes and their pathways based on the health ecology model.

A cluster combined with convenience sampling was used to select eligible elderly from 8 private nursing homes in Shanxi Province from July 2024 to January 2025. The general information questionnaires, International Physical Activity Questionnair-Short Form, Exercise Self-efficacy Scale, Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale, Social Support Rating Scale and scale of the Elderly Self-neglect were used for the investigation, and a structural equation modeling was constructed.

Among the 352 study participants, 50.9% had low levels of physical activity. Elderly Self-neglect was negatively correlated with physical activity (r=-0.350, P<0.01), Exercise Self-efficacy,Exercise Benefits and Barriers, and Social Support were positively correlated with physical activity (r=0.512，0.236，0.625,respectively; P<0.01). Elderly Self-neglec had only a direct effect on physical activity (β=-0.182, P<0.001), whereas Exercise Self-efficacy, Exercise Benefits and Barriers in exercise, and Social Support had both direct and indirect effects on physical activity (direct effects β=0.254, 0.103, 0.493; indirect effects β=0.033, 0.086, 0.113, respectively; all P<0.001).

The prevalence of low physical activity among frail older adults in nursing homes is high. Particular attention should be given to the physical activity of frail older adults who are elderly, have a low level of education, and suffer from depression. Nursing staff can take comprehensive measures to enhance their exercise self-efficacy, strengthen their awareness of benefits of exercise, and provide adequate social support to reduce self-neglect, so as to promote their physical activity level and improve their health status.

To explore the impact of dynamic changes in depressive states on activity of daily living (ADL) limitations among middle-aged and older adults.

Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2020, 8 617 individuals aged 45 and above were included. The transition characteristics of depressive states were analyzed using a Markov chain model. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of depressive changes, and the impact of different depressive trajectories on ADL limitations was assessed using multivariate logistic regression.

The transition probabilities of depressive states showed that the stability of no depression (0.76) and severe depression (0.37) was the highest. However, the transition probabilities from no depression to moderate and severe depression were 0.32 and 0.2,respectively. Latent class analysis identified three types of depressive trajectories: low-stable (1 007 cases with ADL limitations), gradually increasing (1 526 cases), and highly fluctuating (665 cases). Multivariate logistic regression showed that compared with the low-stable group, the risk of ADL limitations was significantly higher in the highly fluctuating group (OR=7.75, 95%CI: 6.54-9.17, P<0.05), followed by the gradually increasing group (OR=2.86; 95%CI: 2.58-3.18, P<0.05).

Dynamic changes in depressive states significantly affect ADL limitations. The group with highly fluctuating depressive trajectories has the highest risk. Clinically, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of depressive trajectories and design enhanced interventions for individuals with fluctuating depression to improve functional outcomes.

To understand the current situation and influencing factors of lactation mastitis in postpartum females, and to provide useful evidence for the prevention and control of lactation mastitis.

From January to October 2024, a cohort of pregnant females at 32-42 weeks of gestation was established in a tertiary hospital in Karamay city, and followed up until 42 days postpartum. Among them, 196 females who developed lactation mastitis were selected as the case group, and 196 females who did not develop lactation mastitis were matched 1:1 according to age ± 2 years as the control group. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information of the females. χ² test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors.

A total of 624 pregnant females were included in this study.During the study period, 196 cases of lactation mastitis occurred, with an incidence rate of 31.41%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that primiparity (OR=2.086, 95% CI: 1.316-3.307), nipple fissure (OR=3.593, 95% CI: 2.261-5.711),excessive milk production (OR=2.697, 95% CI: 1.393-2.261), family dysfunction (OR=2.435, 95% CI: 1.264-4.691), and co-occurrence of postpartum depression and anxiety (CAD) (OR=2.551, 95% CI: 1.369-4.755) were risk factors for lactation mastitis in postpartum females.

Hospitals and communities should fully play their supportive roles, provide personalized and systematic breastfeeding consultation and guidance for postpartum females and their family members, and emphasize the importance of family support to reduce the occurrence of lactation mastitis in postpartum females and promote breastfeeding.

Analyze the disease burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in females in China and globally to provide reference for the prevention and control of IBD in females.

The data on IBD in females in China and globally were extracted from the most recent update of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study available as of 2021. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were calculated. Joinpoint analysis was used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC).

From 1990 to 2021, the ASIR and ASPR of IBD among Chinese females showed upward trends, with AAPC of 2.1% and 1.55%, respectively. Meanwhile, ASMR and ASDR exhibited downward trends, with AAPC values of -3.45% and -3.67%, respectively. Globally, the ASIR of IBD in females increased at an AAPC of 0.17%, while ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR all demonstrated downward trends, with AAPC of -0.25%, -0.53%, and-0.58%, respectively.

Chinese females exhibit significantly higher growth rates in IBD incidence and prevalence compared to global female averages, while demonstrating more pronounced declines in mortality and DALYs burden than global female averages. Although current disease burden remains lower than the global average, the rapid escalation highlights substantial health threats.

To investigate the association between the ratio of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the incidence of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, and to provide a reference for the development of hypertension intervention strategies.

This study included 6 231 participants from the baseline and 2015 follow-up data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the prevalence of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly populations. After excluding individuals diagnosed with hypertension before 2015, the cumulative TG/HDL-C ratio was calculated, and logistic regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between the cumulative TG/HDL-C ratio and the incidence of hypertension. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to fit the dose-response relationship between the cumulative TG/HDL-C ratio and the risk of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly populations.

From 2011 to 2015, 2 438 individuals (39.13%) were diagnosed with hypertension, and in 2015, 625 individuals (16.48%) developed hypertension. Logistic regression analysis revealed that an elevated TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.02-1.03). The highest quartile of the TG/HDL-C ratio was identified as a risk factor for hypertension (OR=1.34，95% CI：1.02-1.74). Furthermore, a linear association was observed between the cumulative TG/HDL-C ratio and the incidence of hypertension (P-nonlinear=0.232).

An elevated TG/HDL-C ratio is a risk factor for hypertension in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.

Based on the person-environment fit (PEF) theory, a theoretical model of worker-occupation fit related stress (MWOFS) is constructed to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the identification and intervention of occupational stress.

Integrating theoretical analysis with empirical validation, the MWOFS model was constructed through literature comparison, inductive reasoning, and programmatic decision-making methods. A logistic regression model was used to examine the interaction effect between worker occupation fit and occupational stress on psychological, physical, and social outcomes. Furthermore, the impact of poor fit on the risk of health outcomes was calculated.

The conceptual model of the MWOFS was established based on the core elements of worker occupation fit, occupational stress, and stress related disorders. The content model provided theoretical guidance for empirical research by expanding the core elements and formulating pathway hypotheses for validation. This study included a total of 3 451 healthcare-related workers as research subjects. The empirical results showed that the interaction between misfit and occupational stress increased the risk of stress-related disorders. Compared to individuals with worker occupation fit, those with misfit exhibited elevated risks for mental responses (34.7%), physiological responses (23.1%), and chronic diseases (10.9%).

MWOFS provides a reasonable framework for integrating influencing factors of occupational stress. It also scientifically evaluates the principal health impairments in working populations arising from the interaction between workeroccupation fit and occupational stress, and proposes innovative approaches for risk stratified management of occupation related diseases and the development of targeted intervention strategies.

To evaluate the quality of response reports for non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning incidents in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2023.

Data were collected from the national “Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System” online reporting platform. An indicator system was constructed based on national policy documents and literature analysis, and the weights of indicators were calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The quality of the reports was further evaluated using the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method.

The evaluation system consisted of 3 first-level indicators and 11 second-level indicators. The study evaluated a total of 8 612 cases. Temporally, the 2020 emergency response work reports demonstrated the highest comprehensive quality (C_i=0.777), while 2023 showed the lowest (C_i=0.272). At the prefecture-level city tier, Yantai City (C_i=0.778) and Jining City (Ci=0.679) ranked highest. In regional comparisons, the Jiaodong Urban Cluster achieved the best comprehensive quality (C_i=0.596), outperforming both the Provincial Capital Urban Cluster (C_i=0.553) and the Southern Shandong Urban Cluster (C_i=0.359). Evaluation of first-level indicators revealed that the Provincial Capital Urban Cluster excelled in event monitoring and reporting (C_i=0.646) as well as event investigation and handling (C_i=0.566), whereas the Jiaodong Urban Cluster showed significant advantages in post-event performance evaluation (C_i=0.963). The Southern Shandong Urban Cluster exhibited relatively weaker performance across all dimensions.

There are disparities in the performance of the Shandong Province non-occupational carbon monoxide response work report across different years, cities, and regions.

To investigate the veterinary drug residue status of commercially available freshwater fish in Henan Province from 2021 to 2024 and evaluate the dietary exposure risk.

A total of 186 samples of freshwater fish were randomly collected from 2021 to 2024, and six quinolone antibiotics, two anesthetics and two sedative-hypnotics were detected according to the standard procedures in the “National Food Contamination and Hazardous Factors Risk Monitoring Operation Manual”. General descriptive analysis and χ² tests were performed using Excel and SAS software. The probability distribution of drug exposure was calculated using Monte Carlo combined with the consumption of freshwater fish in Henan Province, and the health risk was evaluated using the hazard quotient (HQ).

A total of 152 out of 186 freshwater fish samples were detected with veterinary drug residues, with a detection rate of 81.72%; 39 samples were unqualified, with an unqualified rate of 20.96%. The veterinary drug detection rates in descending order were: enrofloxacin, eugenol > diazepam > ofloxacin, oxazepam (χ²=309.867, P < 0.001), and the unqualified rate of diazepam was the highest (χ²=61.822, P < 0.001). There were significantly statistical differences in the detection rates and unqualified rates in different years (χ²=24.962; χ²=19.731, all P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rates and unqualified rates of veterinary drugs in freshwater fish between farmers’ markets and stores (χ²=0.806, P=0.369; χ²=2.788, P=0.095). The P₉₅ exposure amount of enrofloxacin in freshwater fish consumed by adults in Henan Province was 0.11 μg/(kg·BW), accounting for 1.77% of the ADI. The P₉₅ exposure of eugenol was 4.02 μg/(kg·BW), accounting for 0.16% of the ADI.

Veterinary drug residues were present in freshwater fish sold in Henan Province, but the overall exposure risk was low, with all HQ less than 1.