To analyze the levels of acrylamide in 2-5 years old children of three regions in China and assess the exposure risk.

The survey was conducted on 31 healthy children aged 2-5 years old in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang and Sichuan Province. We collected the whole food consumed by the children during the survey period using the dual meal method, analyzed the acrylamide exposure level. Then the margin of exposure (MOE) assessment was used to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks by using BMDL10 (0.31 mg/(kg·bw·d)) and NOAEL (0.2 mg/(kg·bw·d)) as toxicity reference points.

This survey investigated 13 girls and 18 boys in three regions of China, aged between 26 to 58 months, with the weight range of 11.0 to 20.0 kg and the height range of 87.0 to 115.1 cm. A total of 187 food samples were collected, including 96 mixed diet samples, 61 liquid dairy product samples, and 30 infant formula samples. The average levels of acrylamide from the three types of samples were 9.54 μg/kg, 0.80 μg/kg, and 1.03 μg/kg. The average exposure levels were 0.624 μg/(kg bw·d), 0.04 μg/(kg bw·d), and 0.04 μg/(kg bw·d).The high exposure levels of acrylamide (P₉₅) increased to 2.974 μg/(kg bw·d), 0.234 μg/(kg bw·d), and 0.13 μg/(kg bw·d). The number of average MOE and high MOE (P₉₅) for non-carcinogenic risk of acrylamide are 299 and 67, while the number of average MOE and high MOE (P₉₅) for carcinogenic risk are 463 and 104.

The number of MOE for both non carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of acrylamide in the diet of 31 young children are less than 10 000, and the number of MOE for high non carcinogenic risks is less than 100. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the health risks caused by dietary intake of acrylamide in young children.

To analyze the genotypes and characteristics of HIV-1 transmission network of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above in Yubei District of Chongqing and provide evidence for effective HIV-1 transmission prevention in Yubei District.

Blood sample of newly reported cases aged 50 and above in 2020-2023 were collected for genetic analysis, partial Pol gene sequences were obtained to construct molecular transmission network. The factors associated with the subjects entering network and characteristics of cluster were further analyzed.

A total of 351 Pol gene sequences were obtained and 9 HIV-1 genotypes were detected. CRF07_BC (57.0%, 200/351) was the major subtypes, followed by CRF08_BC(19.4%, 68/351), the rate of network entry was 57.3%, and 44 clusters were formed. The number of nodes in clusters was between 2-25. People aged 60 and above (60-69years old: aOR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.34-3.80; 70-79years old: aOR=2.93,95% CI: 1.52-5.65), with local household registration in Yubei (aOR=3.10, 95% CI: 1.74-5.52) and genotype CRF07_BC (aOR=2.57, 95% CI: 1.47-4.50) were more likely to have internet access. The proportion of high-risk spreaders was higher among males than among females.

CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC are the major genotypes of HIV/AIDS in people aged 50 years and abovein Yubei District, and CRF07_BC is the genotype of key transmission cluster with high transmission risk.We should strengthen the intervention for the high-risk elderly, and monitor the molecular network dynamically to guide the precise intervention.

To analyze the reasons of late HIV diagnosis in Chengdu, and to provide scientific basis for promoting early detection.

A cross-sectional survey was used, and the questionnaires were conducted among HIV/AIDS cases in 9 districts in Chengdu. The socio-demographic data, AIDS knowledge awareness, health seeking habits, testing behavior and other information were collected. The chi-square test and binary Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors. In-depth interviews were conducted, and the sample size was determined according to the principle of "information saturation".

A total of 757 HIV/AIDS cases were investigated, of which 258 (34.1%) were found late diagnosis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of late diagnosis was higher in age group 30-49 years old (aOR=3.350, 95% CI: 1.725-6.506) and ≥50 years old (aOR=3.913, 95% CI: 1.876-8.161) than 18-29 years old. Passive detection (aOR=2.002, 95% CI: 1.098-3.649) had a higher risk of late diagnosis than active detection. High school education or higher (aOR=0.472, 95% CI: 0.289-0.770) had a lower risk of late diagnosis than middle school education or lower. Among the 258 late diagnosis cases, 218 (84.5%) never had the idea of HIV testing in the past, mainly because they had not heard of AIDS (106 cases/48.6%) and felt that AIDS was far away from them (82 cases/37.6%). Among the 40 cases who had ever considering taking an HIV test, 17 (42.5%) did not take, mainly because they were worried about their privacy being exposed (12 cases/70.6%), worried about what others think during the test process (7 cases/41.2%), and worried about being discriminated against if they tested positive (7 cases/41.2%). In-depth interviews were conducted on 16 patients with late diagnosis. The reasons for late diagnosis mainly included: never heard of AIDS, serious misunderstanding of AIDS cognition, lack of risk perception awareness, and fluke mentality.

In order to effectively reduce the level of late HIV diagnosis, it is necessary to promote high-quality AIDS health education, improve the awareness of AIDS knowledge and risk perception after high risk behaviors, and encourage people with high risk behaviors to take the initiative to receive HIV testing as soon as possible. Building a supportive social environment to avoid giving up active testing for fear of discrimination is also essential.

To analyze the relationship between smoking status and risk of cardiovascular diseases among Henan Huixian residents.

The baseline survey data and follow-up data of participants aged 30-79 years recruited in Huixian County, Henan, through the China Chronic Disease Prospective Research Project were used. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the association between smoking status and risk of cardiovascular diseases.

A total of 59 865 cases were included in the cohort and followed up for a total of 586 851.81 person years (average 9.20 years). We documented 17 142 cases of cardiovascular diseases, 5 959 cases of ischemic heart diseases, 7 717 cases of cerebral infarction and 1 387 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage. The smoking rate of men (65.29%) was much higher than that of women (0.34%). Cox multivariate analysis showed, compared with nonsmokers, current smokers had higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (HR=1.178, 95% CI: 1.118-1.241), ischemic heart diseases (HR=1.291, 95% CI: 1.177-1.417) and cerebral infarction (HR=1.297, 95% CI: 1.203-1.398). Among current smokers, those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day or those who started smoking at the age of less than 20 years old had higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart diseases and cerebral infarction.

Smoking can effectively decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is necessary to strengthen the control and intervention of smoking behavior in order to curb the epidemic trend of cardiovascular disease.

To explore the association between Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index (TyG-BMI) and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

The data were obtained from the natural population cohort of Shanghai suburbs established from April 2016 to September 2017 (Songjiang subcohort). 29,351 nondiabetic subjects with normal blood glucose levels aged 20-74 years at baseline were included in the analysis. The association and dose-response relationship between baseline TyG-BMI level and the risk of developing T2DM were assessed by Cox proportional risk regression model and restricted cubic spline model. Covariates such as gender and age were stratified according to their covariates and their interaction with TyG-BMI was analyzed.

A total of 584 men and 777 women were initially diagnosed with T2DM after a median follow-up time of 6.98 years. After correcting for confounders, the Cox regression model showed a 58% increase in the risk of T2DM incidence for every 1 SD increase in TyG-BMI (HR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.50-1.66). After grouping TyG-BMI by quartiles and then including it as a categorical variable in the Cox regression model analysis, the risk of T2DM incidence increased progressively in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups with HR (95% CI) of 1.42 (1.15-1.75), 2.02(1.66-2.46), and 3.47(2.88-4.19), respectively (P_trend<0.001), using the Q1 group as the control. Restricted cubic spline plots showed a nonlinear association between TyG-BMI and the risk of T2DM incidence (P_nonlinear =0.048). In addition, subgroup analyses showed that the association between TyG-BMI and the risk of developing T2DM was significantly higher in young and middle-aged (less than 60 years old) residents than in older residents (P_interaction < 0.05).

Under normal blood glucose levels, baseline TyG-BMI was positively associated with the risk of developing T2DM, and this association was more significant in the young and middle-aged groups.

To verify the reliability and validity of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) among firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (referred to as “Aba Prefecture”) of Sichuan Province, and to make necessary revisions.

A total of 726 active firefighters from various fire brigades in Aba Prefecture were surveyed, and their demographic data were collected. The reliability and validity of the SCSQ was evaluated. The sample was randomly split into two halves, and both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to explore the scale structure of this study and compare it with the original scale structure. The reliability was tested using Cronbach α coefficient and Spearman-Brown coefficient.

EFA extracted two common factors with 19 items, accounting for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 56.53%, with factor loadings ranging from 0.523 to 0.827. CFA results indicated that the structural validity of the revised SCSQ was satisfactory. The total Cronbach α coefficient for the revised scale was 0.884, while the Cronbach α coefficients for the two dimensions were 0.927 and 0.860, respectively, with odd-even split reliability coefficients of 0.905 and 0.820.

The revised Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it an effective tool for assessing the coping style tendencies of firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.

To investigate the correlation between the comorbidity of chronic diseases and concurrent depression symptoms with increased disability risk among older adults in China.

Utilizing data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we analyzed health-related data, including basic information, chronic diseases, depression symptoms, and disability among individuals aged 60 and above. A chi-square test χ² was employed for preliminary analysis of the association between various factors and disability risk, followed by calibration of a binary logistic regression model. The odds ratios (OR) were estimated to reflect the increased disability risk of respondents with comorbidity and depression symptoms compared to other respondents.

A total of 8 762 respondents were included, with a balanced gender distribution and an average age of 68.10 years. Among the respondents, 41.35% exhibited depression symptoms, and 15.10% had comorbid conditions, with a comorbidity and depression symptom co-occurrence rate of 8.38%. The results indicated that respondents with comorbidity and depression symptoms had a 550% (OR=6.50, 95%CI: 4.98-8.47) increased risk of impairment in Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and a 389% (OR=4.89, 95%CI: 4.07-5.87) increased risk of impairment in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), along with a significant increase in the risk of impairment in Activities of Daily Living(ADL) (OR=4.98, 95%CI: 4.16-5.96).

There is a significant correlation between the comorbidity of chronic diseases and concurrent depression symptoms with increased disability risk among older adults in China. This poses a serious threat to the health and quality of life of the elderly, highlighting the need for early screening and intervention, as well as enhanced health education and psychological support to effectively reduce disability risk.

To analyze the impact of multi-level social capital on the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals, exploring the roles of different levels of social capital.

Utilizing data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a multi-level linear model was constructed to investigate how individual social capital and community social capital influence the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals. Instrumental variables were employed to validate the causal relationship between these dimensions.

In the null model, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.135, indicating community-level differences in the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals. The multi-level linear model revealed that both individual social capital and community social capital positively affected the subjective well-being, with regression coefficients of 0.018 (P<0.05) and 0.001 (P<0.05), respectively. Factors such as age, marital status, self-rated health, physical disabilities, health insurance, and education level significantly influenced subjective well-being, with regression coefficients of 0.118 (P<0.001), 0.051 (P=0.022), 0.181 (P<0.001), -0.155 (P<0.001), 0.070 (P=0.054), and -0.082 (P<0.001), respectively.

The multi-level social capital plays a positive role in enhancing the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals, and efforts should be made to further improve the social integration of the elderly.

To systematically evaluate the prevalence of oral frailty among community-dwelling elderly individuals, providing evidence-based support for improving oral health and enhancing the quality of life in this population.

A systematic search was conducted across nine databases, including CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wan Fang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library, from the establishment of the database until June 13, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted relevant information, with data analysis performed using Stata 17.0.

A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 32 655 elderly participants. The prevalence of oral frailty (OF) in the community-dwelling elderly was 31.0% (95%CI: 22.6%-39.4%), while the prevalence of pre-oral frailty (pre-OF) was 55.0% (95%CI: 50.9%-59.0%). Subgroup analyses based on assessment tools, age, region, depression status, and living situation revealed the following: the prevalence using the Oral Frailty Index-5 (OFI-5) was 38.2% (95%CI: 35.6%-40.7%), the Oral Frailty Index-6 (OFI-6) was 18.5% (95%CI: 13.3%-23.7%), and the Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) was 47.2% (95%CI: 37.0%-57.4%); among elderly individuals living alone, the prevalence of OF was 22.1% (95%CI: 17.6%-26.6%) compared to 15.1%(95%CI: 12.4%-17.7%) for those not living alone; the prevalence of OF among depressed elderly individuals was 25.5%(95%CI: 6.6%-34.4%) versus 12.5% (95%CI: 8.1%-16.8%) for non-depressed individuals; the prevalence in Japan was 62.5% (95%CI: 61.1%-63.4%) compared to 44.3% (95%CI: 33.3%-55.4%) in China; and for the age group 60-69 years, the prevalence was 39.2% (95%CI: 35.1%-43.2%), while for those over 70 years, it was 54.6% (95%CI: 37.5%-71.1%).

The prevalence of OF among community-dwelling elderly individuals is notably high. Factors such as the assessment tool used (OFI-8), geographical location (Japan), age over 70, depression, living alone, and lower income are associated with a higher prevalence of OF. This indicates that healthcare professionals should prioritize oral health in the community elderly population, conduct early screenings, and implement relevant intervention measures to enhance the health status of elderly individuals in the community.

To analyze the current status and trends of the disease burden attributable to high fasting blood glucose related to tuberculosis in the elderly population of China from 1992 to 2021, and to conduct forecasts to provide references for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in this population.

Data on tuberculosis mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) attributable to high fasting blood glucose from 1992 to 2021 were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study database. The percentage change in estimated annual disease burden was calculated to analyze trends. Comparisons were made from a global perspective and across different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, employing the decomposition method established by Gupta to quantify changes in attributable mortality and DALY. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was utilized to analyze the risk of attributable mortality, while the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict standardized mortality rates and standardized DALY rates.

In 2021, the standardized mortality rate (2.03 per 100 000)and standardized DALY rate (46.95 per 100 000) for the elderly population in China were at a moderate level globally. The attributable mortality and DALY rates for males (2.81 per 100 000 and 70.97 per 100 000, respectively) were higher than those for females (1.04 per 100 000 and 24.21 per 100 000, respectively). From 1992 to 2021, both the standardized mortality rate and standardized DALY rate for the elderly population in China showed a declining trend, with a faster decline compared to different SDI regions. The combined contributions of population growth and aging to changes in attributable mortality and DALY were 112.50% and 109.01%, respectively, while the contributions from epidemiological changes were -170.58% and-158.48%. The APC model indicated that the risk of attributable mortality initially rose with age and then declined, as well as decreased over time and across birth cohorts. The BAPC model demonstrated superior predictive performance, forecasting a declining trend in both standardized mortality rates and standardized DALY rates from 2022 to 2030.

The disease burden attributable to high fasting blood glucose related to tuberculosis in the elderly population of China from 1992 to 2021 remains significant. The burden is greater in males than in females, with population growth and aging being driving factors for the increasing burden. Age, period, and cohort all influence the attributable disease burden, necessitating the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures tailored to the characteristics of the Chinese population.