To construct an evaluation indicator system for the development of occupational disease clinical specialties, providing a basis for the construction and evaluation of occupational disease clinical specialties.

An initial expert consultation questionnaire was developed through literature research and group discussions. The Delphi method was applied to conduct two rounds of expert consultations with 34 experts in the field of occupational diseases from 13 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) including Beijing, Sichuan, and Henan. The final evaluation indicator system for occupational disease clinical specialties was formed, and the hierarchical weights of each index were determined using the priority diagram method.

The response rates for the two rounds of expert consultations were 97.14% and 94.12%. The expert authority coefficients were 0.856 and 0.860, and the Kendall’s concordance coefficients of the experts were 0.18 and 0.12 (P<0.01). The final occupational disease clinical specialty evaluation indicator system consisted of 5 first-level indicators, 17 second-level indicators, and 67 third-level indicators.

The enthusiasm, authority, and consistency of the two rounds of expert consultations were high. This evaluation indicator system is scientifically sound and reliable, providing a reference for the construction and high-quality development of occupational disease clinical specialties.

To analyze the impact of DIP payment reform on total hospitalization costs, drug costs, and treatment costs of hospitalized patients with chronic lung disease, and to provide a decision-making reference for the deepening reform of DIP.

Using the first national DIP pilot cities as a sample area, case data of 10 058 chronic lung patients hospitalized in provincial hospitals in the area were extracted for the study, and the causal effects of DIP on total patient costs, drug costs and treatment costs were estimated by the PSM-DID model.

After the DIP payment reform, the total cost for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease decreased by 5.9% (P=0.001), were 1 162.92 yuan; the cost of medication decreased by 8.83% (P=0.003), were 477.21 yuan; and the cost of treatment decreased by 27.3% (P=0.001), were 152.54 yuan.

The DIP payment reform has achieved short-term reform effects on reducing total hospitalization costs, drug costs, and treatment costs for patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In order to guarantee the continuous implementation of DIP, the medical insurance department should also continue to strengthen the supervision of the diagnosis and treatment process of medical institutions to maintain the long-term continuation of the effect of fee-control; medical institutions should further promote the refinement of management.

To compare the prediction effect of SARIMA and its combined models on the incidence of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and to explore the influence of COVID-19 on the SARIMA model.

The incidence trend of HFMD in Shenzhen was analyzed through the time series decomposition method. A SARIMA model was established based on the monthly incidence of HFMD from 2011 to 2023. The optimal model was selected by comparing the performance of MAE, MSE, RMSE, and MAPE, and was used to construct a combined model with the SVR model and the XGBoost model. The incidence from January to July 2024 was predicted using the optimal model.

The incidence trend of HFMD in Shenzhen from 2011 to 2023 was seasonal, and the peak was from May to June and September to October each year. The SARIMA model that did not include incidence data during the COVID-19 pandemic outperformed the included model. Based on MAE, MSE and RMSE indicators, the combined model performed better than the single SARIMA model when the prediction time exceeded 4 months. The SARMI-SVR model wassuperior to the SARMI-XGBoost model in overall performance, especially in the performance of MAPE.

Including the incidence data during the COVID-19 epidemic will degrade the performance of the SARIMA model. The prediction effect of SARMI-SVR model is better than SARIMA model and SARMI-XGboost model, which can be used to predict the incidence of HFMD and provide a reference for disease surveillance and early warning.

To assess Hantaan virus infection risk across districts in Sichuan Province, providing a scientific basis for prevention and intervention measures for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) and data for evaluating their effectiveness.

This study utilized open-source databases and mathematical modeling. HFRS case report data were collected to analyze epidemic status and spatial distribution using traditional epidemiological methods, while a Bayesian spatiotemporal model examined temporal effects, spatial effects, spatiotemporal interactions, and the impact of meteorological, socioeconomic, and healthcare factors on regional risk levels.

From 2015 to 2021, HFRS incidence in Sichuan showed temporal variation and seasonality, with Yanyuan County reporting the highest cases. Spatial analysis indicated that most districts had risk values consistent with the provincial average, with high-risk areas in the southern, northeastern and central regions. Relative risk declined overall from 2015 to 2020, with a 41.7% decrease in 2020 compared to 2015, although a slight increase occurred in 2021 (0.22 per 100 000). Yanyuan County had the highest relative risk (2.66 [1.64, 4.57]), while other regions aligned with the provincial average. Urbanization rate and humidity affected HFRS incidence negatively, and precipitation affected HFRS incidence positively.

HFRS incidence in Sichuan Province is generally low, with higher rates in specific districts, highlighting spatial risk variability. Meteorological, socioeconomic, and healthcare factors influence infection risk. Monitoring relevant indicators and implementing timely interventions are essential to prevent increased human infection risk.

To examine the frequency and distribution patterns of birth defects in Hainan Province between 2016 and 2021, in order to offer insights for the improvement of maternal and child health services in the region.

Data on perinatal birth defect surveillance were gathered and analyzed from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days postpartum in all monitored hospitals across Hainan Province between January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021.

The comprehensive dataset revealed a total of 346 425 births recorded in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2021. Of these, 11 000 cases were identified with birth defects, translating to an average incidence rate of 317.53 per 10 000 births. Notably, the incidence of birth defects varied significantly across different demographics. Rural areas exhibited a lower rate (297.90 per 10 000) compared to urban areas (338.88 per 10 000), with a statistically significant difference (χ²=67.977, P<0.001). Additionally, male neonates showed a higher incidence (346.22 per 10 000) than female neonates (281.32 per 10 000), also with a statistically significant difference (χ²=164.878, P<0.001). Maternal age played a crucial role as well, with the 35-year-old and older age group demonstrating the highest incidence (364.81 per 10 000).The five most prevalent birth defects included congenital heart disease (180.99 per 10 000), polydactyly (20.24 per 10 000), talipes equinovarus (12.04 per 10 000), other external ear malformations (10.74 per 10 000), and syndactyly (5.05 per 10 000).Regarding prenatal diagnosis, only 11.72% of birth defects were confirmed prenatally, with clinical and ultrasonic diagnosis accounting for 98.87% of the total diagnoses. In terms of prognosis, a promising 91.92% of fetuses with congenital disorders were live births.

Suggest an increase in the prevalence of perinatal birth abnormalities in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2021. In response to these findings, it is imperative to strengthen the three-level preventive measures of birth defects, aiming to reduce incidence rates.

To investigate the causal relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using Mendelian randomization to provide genetic evidence supporting the risk of developing ADHD.

Based on pooled data from genome-wide association analyses, MR analysis was conducted using five methods, including the inverse variance weighting method, MR-Egger regression, and the weighted median method. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the MR-Egger regression test, the MR-PRESSO test, the Cochran Q test, and the leave-one-out method. Two-sample MR analyses and validation group analyses explored the existence of a causal relationship between GDM and ADHD, while multivariate Mendelian randomization examined the direct, independent causal effect of GDM on ADHD after adjusting for factors such as obesity and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

The two-sample MR preliminary analysis (OR=1.209, 95% CI: 1.023-1.423, P=0.026) and the validation group analysis (OR=1.030, 95% CI: 1.006-1.055, P=0.015) indicated that GDM had a positive causal relationship with the risk of ADHD, suggesting that an increased risk of GDM contributing to a higher risk of ADHD. The results of MVMR analysis showed that GDM and ADHD still showed a causal relationship after controlling for Obesity and ASD (OR=1.030, 95% CI:1.008-1.054, P=0.008).

This study confirms the causal relationships between GDM, obesity, and ASD with ADHD from a genetic perspective, providing a reference for future research.

To explore the relationship between dietary fiber intake and cognitive function, providing insights for nutritional interventions to prevent cognitive impairment.

Adults over 50 years old from the 2022 Southwest Population Cohort were selected as study subjects. Multiple linear regression and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between dietary fiber intake and cognitive impairment. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the association between dietary fiber intake and cognitive impairment across different age and gender groups.

A total of 1 267 participants were included,the median dietary fiber intake of the participants was 13.3 g/d. The dietary fiber intake of individuals with cognitive dysfunction, specifically those with mild cognitive impairment (11.6 g/d), was significantly lower than that of the normal group (13.7 g/d), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=3.93, P<0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education, smoking, per capita monthly household income, hypertension, diabetes, and daily energy intake, dietary fiber intake was positively correlated with cognitive function scores. The logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to the lowest dietary fiber intake group (Q1), the highest dietary fiber intake group (Q4) had a reduced risk of cognitive dysfunction, with statistically significant OR values of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.16–0.53), 0.27 (95% CI: 0.14–0.49), and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.18–0.84). The impact of dietary fiber intake was more pronounced in males and in individuals aged 63 and above.

There is a negative association between dietary fiber intake and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that dietary fiber may be a protective factor against cognitive dysfunction, with this association being particularly significant in males and individuals aged 63 years and older.

To explore the effects of individual smoking cessation cognition and spousal support on married smokers’ smoking cessation behavior, and to analyse the role of gender differences on smoking cessation behavior.

A convenience sampling method was used to recruit married smokers from Jiangsu and Shandong to conduct an online questionnaire survey to collect information on demographic characteristics, smoking and cessation, individual smoking cessation cognition and spousal support. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the relationships between smoking cessation cognition, spousal support, smoking cessation attempts, and the willingness to quit smoking with family support.

715 married smokers completed the questionnaire. After controlling for potential confounders, the results showed that perceived risk of smoking-related diseases (aOR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.05–1.59) and positive outcome expectations for quitting (aOR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.06–1.51) were positively associated with smoking cessation attempts among married male smokers, whereas no statistical associationwas found between smoking cessation cognition and smoking cessation attempts among women. Regardless of gender, perceived risk of smoking-related diseases, self-efficacy, smoking cessation plan, and spousal emotional support were positively associated with the willingness to quit smoking; negative outcome expectations for quitting (aOR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.65–0.93) were negatively associated with the willingness to quit smoking among male smokers, while no statistically significant associationwas found among female smokers.

Perceived risk of smoking-related diseases and positive outcome expectations for quitting are protective factors for smoking cessation attempts among married male smokers, while female smokers’ smoking cessation cognition failed to translate into actual quitting behavior. Additionally, negative outcome expectations for quitting are risk factors for willingness to quit smoking among married male smokers. Therefore, individualized smoking cessation intervention strategies should be developed taking into account gender differences.

To study the effect and mechanism of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in alleviating silica-induced lung injury, and to provide a new option for the adjuvant treatment of silicosis.

The male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, SiO₂ group, and NMN intervention group according to body weight, with 10 mice in each group. Mice were given SiO₂ (50 mg/ml, 80 μl) by tracheal instillation to construct a mouse model of silicosis, and NMN (1 000 mg/kg) was given by gavage for 7 days and 28 days. Histopathological staining was used to assess lung lesions, and transcriptomic sequencing was used to analyze gene expression and screen for key genes.

NMN intervention alleviated SiO₂-induced lung injury. Gene clustering results showed that NMN intervention improved SiO₂-induced gene expression disorders to a certain extent, and the improvement effect of 28 days was better than 7 days of NMN intervention. After 7 and 28 days of SiO₂ exposure, 1 163 genes were up-regulated in the SiO₂ group compared with the control group, and were down-regulated in the NMN group compared with the SiO₂ group, of which 445 were differential genes. Similarly, 1 657 genes were down-regulated in the SiO₂ group compared with the control group, and were up-regulated in the NMN group compared with the SiO₂ group, of which 571 were differential genes. The main GO term of the above differential genes was RNA polymerase and transcriptional regulation, and main KEGG pathways were IL-17 signaling pathway (P<0.001), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (P<0.001), Th17 cell differentiation (P<0.001), TNF signaling pathway (P<0.001). According to the number of pathways involved in the regulation of differential genes, the TOP8 hub genes were Mapk11, Mapk12, Il1b, H2-Ob, Csf2, Shc2, Mmp9, Ccl25.

NMN alleviates lung injury in silicosis mice by regulating immunity.