To summarize the evidence related to cognitive interventions for patients with subjective cognitive decline.

A systematic search was conducted in databases such as BMJ Best Practice, JBI, PubMed, and CNKI for evidence related to cognitive interventions for patients with subjective cognitive decline, including clinical guidelines, clinical decisions, systematic reviews, expert consensus, and evidence summaries, with a search timeframe from the establishment of the database to December 7, 2023.

A total of 12 articles were included, comprising one guideline, one expert consensus, and 10 systematic reviews. Evidence was summarized across 11 domains, including principles of cognitive intervention, types, dosage, formats, locations, content, auxiliary measures, assessment, implementation methods, effects, and evaluations, resulting in 31 pieces of evidence.

Cognitive interventions can improve cognitive function and mental health in patients with subjective cognitive decline. Healthcare professionals should develop and apply personalized cognitive intervention plans tailored to clinical contexts and patient preferences.

To explore the mediating role of post-traumatic growth between post-stroke fatigue and self-management behaviors in stroke patients during recovery, as well as the moderating effect of caregiver contributions on the relationship between post-stroke fatigue and post-traumatic growth.

A convenience sampling method was used to collect data from 329 stroke patients in recovery and their primary caregivers. The study utilized a general information questionnaire, the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, the Caregiver Contribution Scale for Self-Care in Stroke Patients, and the Stroke Self-Management Behavior Assessment Scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, variance analysis, and correlation analysis with Mplus 8.3 software, while the PROCESS macro was employed to validate mediation and moderation effects.

Post-traumatic growth served as a mediator between post-stroke fatigue and self-management behaviors (e=-0.072, 95%CI: -0.119 to -0.032), accounting for 18.18% of the total effect. The interaction term between post-stroke fatigue and caregiver contributions positively predicted post-traumatic growth (β=0.095, P < 0.05).

Healthcare professionals should focus on enhancing the level of post-traumatic growth in stroke patients during recovery and recognize the significant role of caregivers in the recovery process, thereby improving self-management behaviors.

To investigate the effect of the Lifestyle Inflammation Score (LIS) on the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease.

Utilizing data from the prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank (UKB), the Lifestyle Inflammation Score was calculated, and participants were categorized into three groups based on their tertiles: LIS1 (<-0.18), LIS2 (-0.18 to 0.50), and LIS3 (>0.50). The cumulative incidence of IBD and its subtypes was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and inter-group comparisons were conducted using the Log-rank test. Cox regression models were employed to analyze the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the occurrence of IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn’s disease (CD) across different LIS groups.

A total of 365 343 participants were included in the study, with a median follow-up period of 12.62 years. The incidence counts for IBD, UC, and CD were 2 784, 1 969, and 993, respectively. The Log-rank test revealed a statistically significant difference in the cumulative incidence of IBD among the three groups (χ²=7.973, P<0.05). Using the occurrence of IBD as the dependent variable and LIS grouping as the independent variable, after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, gender, history of breastfeeding, and appendectomy, the risk of developing IBD was found to increase in the LIS3 group compared to LIS1 group (HR=1.155, 95%CI: 1.041-1.281). In subgroup analyses, the risk of developing UC was also elevated in the LIS3 group compared to LIS1 (HR=1.150, 95%CI:1.015-1.304), while no significant trend was observed in the CD subgroup.

The Lifestyle Inflammation Score is positively correlated with the risk of IBD and UC, but does not significantly increase the risk of CD.

To explore the relationships among symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and feelings of loneliness in a community-dwelling elderly population through network analysis, and to investigate the differences in network structure and core symptoms between genders.

A convenience sampling method was employed to survey 1 325 elderly individuals in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, regarding their symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and loneliness.Network analysis, centrality analysis, and robustness analysis were conducted to examine the associations among the symptoms.Additionally, differences in the network among subgroups by gender were analyzed.

The most central symptoms in the network of community elderly were identified as“fatigue”, “sleep problems”,“low mood”, and “feeling neglected” (Z≥1). No statistically significant differences were found in the network structure and connection strength between different gender subgroups (P>0.05). However, the mediating centrality of“low mood” was higher in males than in females (P<0.05), while the strength centrality of “tension” was lower in males than in females (P<0.001).

The network structure of disease symptoms aids in understanding the mechanisms of mental health issues among the elderly and the relationships between different conditions. It is recommended that community health service centers focus on preventing and alleviating feelings of fatigue among the elderly, while also addressing their sleep issues, low mood, and feelings of neglect to enhance overall mental health.

To establish a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method for detecting 21 types of herbicides in drinking water based on solid phase extraction (SPE) pre-treatment technology.

A 500 ml water sample was extracted using a C₁₈ solid phase extraction column, followed by elution with a 5 ml mixture of ethyl acetate and dichloromethane (1:1). The eluent was collected and concentrated near dryness using vacuum centrifugation, and then reconstituted with 1 ml of ethyl acetate for analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.

Within the concentration range of 5.0 μg/L to 200.0 μg/L, the herbicides exhibited good linearity, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9 954 to 0.9 998. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.11 μg/L to 1.21 μg/L, while the limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.33 μg/L to 3.64 μg/L. Precision (RSD) was found to be between 1.6% and 6.3%, and the recovery rates ranged from 74.3% to 112.7%.

This method demonstrates a wide linear range, accuracy, and reliability, making it suitable for the detection of multiple herbicides in water.

To quantify the health benefits of interventions targeting ozone exposure on diabetes prevalence under different strategies, providing scientific support for policies aimed at reducing atmospheric ozone levels to mitigate diabetes.

Utilizing questionnaire, physical examination data, and atmospheric data from a cohort of 16 607 participants in Chengdu, Southwest China, we employed a Logistic regression model to explore the association between ozone and diabetes risk. We simulated ratio interventions, fixed-value interventions, and threshold interventions for ozone concentration using the parametric G formula method to quantify the reduction in diabetes prevalence under each intervention strategy.

An increase of 1 mg/m³ in ozone corresponded to an odds ratio (OR) of 1.07 (95%CI: 1.01-1.13). Reducing ozone concentration by 5%, controlling it at P₅₀ (85.20 mg/m³), or lowering it to P₇₅(86.12 mg/m³) or below could respectively reduce diabetes prevalence by 27.38% (23.47%-31.28%), 8.35% (4.01%-12.70%), and 10.50% (6.00%-15.01%).

Various strategies to intervene on ozone concentration can reduce diabetes prevalence, with ratio interventions showing the most significant effectiveness. Future measures should consider local ozone levels and comprehensively account for seasonal variations, regional differences, and pollution sources to implement interventions aimed at percentage reductions in overall ozone concentration, thereby reducing diabetes risk.

To analyze the characteristics and trends of HIV strain subtypes among newly reported HIV-infected individuals in Hunan Province in 2023, and to understand the molecular epidemiological patterns of HIV strains in the region.

Blood samples were collected from 539 newly reported HIV-infected individuals in Hunan Province in 2023. RNA was extracted, and the pol gene region was amplified using nested PCR. Subtype identification and recombination analysis were performed using phylogenetic trees and online tools.

A total of 490 valid sequences were obtained, predominantly from males (77.55%, 380/490), Han ethnicity (90.20%, 442/490), heterosexual transmission (72.04%, 353/490), and individuals aged over 60 (33.47%, 164/490). The transmitted drug resistance (TDR) rate was 7.76%, with the majority of TDR mutations occurring in non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Sixteen subtypes were detected, with CRF07_BC (41.22%, 202/490) being the most prevalent, followed by CRF01_AE (31.84%, 156/490), CRF08_BC (8.98%, 44/490), CRF55_01B (4.29%, 21/490), B (4.29%, 21/490), CRF85_BC (2.45%, 12/490), C (1.84%, 9/490), and unique recombinant forms (URF) (2.04%, 10/490). The CRF07_BC subtype included two subclusters: 07_BC_MSM (52.97%, 107/202) and 07_BC_other (47.03%, 95/202). Seven subclusters of CRF01_AE were identified, with the C1 subcluster being the most prevalent (45.51%,71/156). Unique recombinant forms (URF) were most frequently reported in Changsha (40.00%, 4/10), primarily among young individuals engaging in homosexual transmission (80.00%, 8/10); CRF85_BC was most frequently reported in Shaoyang (91.67%, 11/12), primarily among older individuals involved in non-marital commercial heterosexual transmission (58.33%, 7/12).

The distribution of subtypes in Hunan Province is diverse, showing certain changes compared to past regional distributions and compositions, with the emergence of some new recombinant subtypes. Local monitoring of HIV subtypes should be further strengthened.

To systematically evaluate the factors influencing the willingness to accept HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China.

Studies related to the willingness to accept HIV PEP among MSM published before September 5, 2024, were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, EM base, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan fang, VIP, and CBM databases. Meta-analysis of the included factors was conducted using Rev Man 5.3 software.

A total of 26 studies were included, with 31 600 participants, and 20 influencing factors were extracted. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that factors promoting the willingness to accept HIV PEP included: age ≤ 30 years (OR=1.65, 95%CI:1.31-2.07), monthly income of 5 000-10 000 yuan (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.51-2.55), monthly income > 10 000 yuan (OR=1.98, 95%CI:1.03-3.80), having an HIV-positive sexual partner (OR=2.47, 95%CI: 1.21-5.05), multiple sexual partners (OR=2.51, 95%CI: 1.90-3.32), online sexual partners (OR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.55-2.65), awareness of HIV-related knowledge (OR=2.33, 95%CI: 1.81-3.00), awareness of PEP-related knowledge (OR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.33-3.54), having consulted about PEP (OR=26.09, 95%CI: 5.34-127.41), use of recreational drugs (OR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.18-3.42), condom use (OR=2.10, 95%CI: 1.66-2.66), HIV testing at least twice a year (OR=2.33, 95%CI: 1.80-3.02), sexually transmitted infections (OR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.52-2.45), commercial sex work (OR=3.21, 95%CI:1.95-5.30), and peer education (OR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.23-2.08). The factor hindering willingness was identified as being gay (OR=0.34,95%CI: 0.23-0.49).

The factors influencing the willingness to accept HIV PEP among MSM in China are various and complex. Future efforts should focus on enhancing the promotion and dissemination of knowledge related to HIV and PEP to reduce the incidence of HIV within the MSM population.

To explore the clinical application value of the blood creatinine to cystatin C ratio (CCR) in diagnosing skeletal muscle mass reduction in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

A total of 388 NAFLD patients hospitalized at Karamay Central Hospital from October 2023 to March 2024 were selected and divided into a training set (310 cases) and a validation set (78 cases) at an 8:2 ratio. Clinical data and body composition data were collected for both groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for skeletal muscle mass reduction and to construct a nomogram model. The model’s predictive performance was evaluated using ROC curves and Hosmer-Lem show calibration curves.

Among the 388 patients surveyed, 187 exhibited skeletal muscle mass reduction. Significant differences were observed between the skeletal muscle mass reduction group and the non-reduction group in terms of BMI, CCR, and hs-CRP (P<0.05). Restrictive cubic splines indicated an “L” shaped relationship between CCR and skeletal muscle reduction, while hs-CRP demonstrated a “J” shaped relationship (both P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher CCR was a protective factor for skeletal muscle mass (OR=8.579, 95%CI:3.459-13.905). The AUC of the ROC curve for the nomogram prediction model was 0.89 (95%CI: 0.856-0.951). The model exhibited good fit, and the calibration plot demonstrated a strong alignment with the standard curve.

BMI, CCR, and hs-CRP are independent risk factors for skeletal muscle mass reduction in NAFLD patients. The established nomogram model can provide individualized risk predictions and assist in the early identification of high-risk populations.

To summarize the levels of vitamin D in patients with common ocular diseases and explore the relationship between low vitamin D levels and the occurrence of ocular diseases.

A search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to May 25, 2024, to collect meta-analysis studies assessing the relationship between vitamin D and ocular diseases. Additionally, observational studies not included in existing meta-analyses were collected, and the effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random effects weighted mean difference (WMD). The results of the studies were included in the meta-analysis, culminating in an umbrella review.

This study included 13 meta-analyses and 15 observational studies (11 case-control studies and 4 cross-sectional studies). The meta-analysis indicated that the overall weighted mean difference (WMD) for vitamin D and ocular diseases was -2.17 (95%CI: -2.50 to -1.84; P=0.282, I²=18.7%). The overall odds ratio (OR) for vitamin D in ocular diseases was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.92 to 0.99; P<0.001, I²=87.1%). The robustness of the conclusions was verified through trial sequential analysis (TSA).

Higher vitamin D levels are significantly associated with a reduced risk of developing glaucoma and myopia, yet showing an association with an increased risk of non-infectious uveitis (NIU).