To study the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS incidence in China based on surveillance data from 2005 to 2018, to provide support for scientific, orderly, sustainable, and accurate regional prevention and control strategies.

The spatial autocorrelation method was used to explore the characteristics of spatial-temporal differentiation, and then geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was used to investigate the influencing factors.

Since 2005, the overall spread speed of the AIDS epidemic was accelerating and showed obvious spatial differences demonstrated by unbalanced growth. After 2011, the unbalanced growth accelerated, and the agglomeration trend of the AIDS epidemic in various provinces became more obvious. The spatial nearest neighbor effect was more obvious, and there was an internal expansion trend in the areas below the Bole-Taipei line. Economy, transportation, health care, and education jointly affected the temporal and spatial evolution pattern of HIV/AIDS incidence. Economic factors had a great impact on the spread of AIDS, which was gradually weakening. Most of the traffic factors above the Bole-Taipei line were positive high-value areas and basically remained at a stable level. The influence of medical factors on the incidence of HIV/AIDS was obvious, but it tended to weaken gradually. Educational factors had a great influence on the incidence of HIV/AIDS, and the influence was basically stable.

From the perspective of spatial-temporal data mining, the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and neighborhood effects of the incidence of HIV/AIDS are analyzed, and the effects of economic, transportation, medical, and educational factors on the incidence of HIV/AIDS are discussed. This study helps the public understand AIDS visually from a new perspective and has important reference significance for controlling AIDS epidemic and optimizing the allocation of public health resources.

To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of post competency of full-time staff in nosocomial infection management in different levels of medical institutions in Guizhou Province.

Based on the principle of convenience sampling, 69 tertiary hospitals and 151 secondary hospitals in 9 cities (regions) of Guizhou Province were selected, and 766 full-time staff of nosocomial infection management were investigated by questionnaire. Multiple linear regression method was used for multivariate analysis.

The total score of post competence of full-time staff of nosocomial infection management in tertiary medical institutions (5.287 ±1.074) was higher than that in secondary medical institutions (4.835 ±1.194). The full-time staff of the third-level medical institutions outperformed those of the second-level medical institutions in terms of the overall level of competency, the self-evaluation scores of 4 core items, and self-evaluation scores of 11 sub-items (t=5.580, P<0.001). The scores of tertiary medical institutions and secondary medical institutions had the lowest score in comprehensive knowledge items, which were (4.394 ±1.401) and (3.614 ±1.529), respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the professional titles of the full-time staff of nosocomial infection management (B=-0.541, 95%CI:-1.024 to -0.058), the application level of office software (B=-0.854, 95%CI: -1.108 to -0.599), the importance degree the hospital attached to infection control (B=-0.393, 95%CI: -0.707 to -0.078), and the construction of the nosocomial infection control management system (B=-0.759, 95%CI: -1.314 to -0.204) were the independent factors for the post competency in tertiary medical institutions. The age of the full-time staff in the secondary medical institution (B=0.942, 95%CI: 0.435-1.449), the average monthly income (B=0.535, 95%CI: 0.165-0.905), and the application level of office software (B=-0.657, 95%CI: -0.909 to -0.405) were independent factors for the post competency in secondary medical institutions.

The overall post competency of the full-time staff of nosocomial infection management in Guizhou Province is at the upper-middle level, and the full-time staff of the tertiary medical institutions are obviously better than the secondary medical institutions.

To explore the self-rated health status and influencing factors of the elderly in rural areas of China, and to provide decision-making reference for relevant departments to formulate healthy aging strategies for the elderly in rural areas.

Using the data of China family panel studies (CFPS) in 2020, descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the self-rated health status and its influencing factors of the elderly in rural areas of China.

In total 72.6% of the 2 717 elderly in rural areas of China rated themselves as healthy. The age group of 60 to 74 years old (OR=0.694, 95%CI: 0.501-0.961), lower income (OR=0.503, 95%CI: 0.372-0.681), no smoking or no current smoking (OR=0.682, 95%CI: 0.538-0.865), and no alcohol or less alcohol now (OR=0.672, 95%CI: 0.491-0.920) were associated with poor self-rated health status. Normal BMI index (OR=1.868, 95%CI: 1.298-2.687), no hospitalization within one year (OR=2.537, 95%CI: 2.015-3.194), no physical discomfort within two weeks (OR=4.205, 95%CI: 3.422-5.167), and no chronic diseases (OR=2.530, 95%CI: 2.051-3.121) were associated with better health status.

The self-rated health status of the elderly in rural areas of China is good, but it is still necessary to strengthen the economic support, improve the construction of medical and health service system, improve the family support and social support system, and actively carry out specialized health education for the elderly in rural areas to promote their health management and quality of life.

To analyze the incidence trend and epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Shenzhen, to provide reference for scientific prevention and control of infectious diseases.

Descriptive epidemiological methods and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the surveillance data of infectious diseases among children in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022.

A total of 249 614 cases of 31 infectious diseases were reported in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022, with an average annual reported incidence of 4 981.47/100 000, showing a stable trend [annual percentage change (APC)=7.19%, P>0.05]. The main diseases were respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases, accounting for 53.93% and 46.00% of the total cases, respectively. The top five cumulative reported cases were hand-foot-mouth disease, influenza, chicken pox, other infectious diarrheal diseases, and mumps. Among them, the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease and mumps decreased slowly, but the trend test was not statistically significant (APC was -9.70% and -3.98%, respectively, P > 0.05). Influenza and chickenpox showed a “rising-falling”trend, with the turning point in 2019. The rising trend of influenza from 2013 to 2019 was statistically significant (APC=166.11%, P=0.005), and the downward trend of chickenpox from 2019 to 2022 was statistically significant (APC=-52.42%, P=0.022). Other infectious diarrheal diseases showed an upward trend (APC=19.15%, P=0.002). The incidence of infectious diseases in kindergarten children showed a bimodal type, with a peak in summer and winter-spring. The proportion of intestinal infectious diseases in girls was lower than that in boys (P < 0.001). The proportion of intestinal infectious diseases in children aged 3 years and above was lower than that in children under 3 years old (P < 0.001).

The overall incidence of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Shenzhen is relatively high. The vaccination rate of EV71, influenza, and varicella vaccine should be further improved. At the same time, comprehensive prevention and control measures such as monitoring and early warning, health education, and institutional health management should be taken to effectively control the occurrence and prevalence of common infectious diseases among kindergarten children.

To study the causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and atherosclerosis (AS) by two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis.

The whole genomes of RA and different subtypes of AS were obtained from IEU Open GWAS (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/) database. Two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis was carried out using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, simple mode, weighted mode, and weighted median (WM),and the results were verified by multiple sensitivity analyses.

In total 86 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with RA were included as instrumental variables in this study. According to IVW, RA was associated with coronary atherosclerosis (OR=1.034, 95%CI: 1.010-1.058) and peripheral atherosclerosis (OR=1.083, 95%CI: 1.041-1.127, P=0.001). Heterogeneity test, horizontal multiple effect analysis, sensitivity analysis, and MR-PRESSO further clarified the causal relationship by Mendelian randomization analysis.

RA has positive causal correlations with coronary atherosclerosis and peripheral atherosclerosis, but there is no causal correlation between AS and RA by reverse MR analysis. RA increases the risk of coronary atherosclerosis and peripheral arteriosclerosis. It is suggested to actively control RA to reduce the risk of AS.

To explore the coordination relationship and spatial pattern of health resource allocation and socioeconomic development in Sichuan Province, to provide references for promoting the high-quality development of health and social economy.

Entropy method, comprehensive evaluation index, and coupling coordination degree model were used to evaluate the level and coupling coordination degree of health resources and socio-economic development. Hot spot analysis was used to explore the characteristics of spatial agglomeration.

From 2017 to 2021, the development level of health resource allocation in different economic regions of Sichuan Province was in the following order: northwest Sichuan Ecological Demonstration Zone (0.59), Panxi Economic Zone (0.35), Chengdu Plain Economic Zone/Southern Sichuan Economic Zone(0.30), and Northeast Sichuan Economic Zone (0.23). The order of social and economic development level was as the follows:Chengdu Plain Economic Zone (0.25), Panxi Economic Zone (0.16), South Sichuan Economic Zone (0.15), Northeast Sichuan Economic Zone (0.10), and Northwest Sichuan Ecological demonstration Zone (0.08). In the past five years, most of the coupling coordination degree of different economic regions showed an increasing trend. Only the average coupling coordination degree of northeast Sichuan economic zone was less than 0.4, which was in a maladjusted recession, while the average coupling coordination degree of the remaining four economic zones was between 0.4 and 0.5, which was in transition harmony and generally subject to the lag of social and economic development. The level of coupling coordination showed a spatial pattern of“high in the west and low in the east”, and the agglomeration characteristics were mainly “high-high” agglomeration area in western Sichuan and “low-low” agglomeration area in northeastern Sichuan.

There are obvious regional differences in the allocation of health resources and the level of socio-economic development in Sichuan Province. The trend of coupling and coordination between the two systems is gradually improving, but the degree of coordination is not high. In addition, the coupling coordination level has significant spatial characteristics, and the local area shows agglomeration effect.

To analyze the molecular network characteristics of the transmission relationship of newly confirmed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Jinan, to provide basis for epidemic trend and prevention.

A total of 168 blood samples newly reported to be infected with HIV-1 in Jinan in 2021 were collected. The pol region gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested PCR, the evolutionary tree was constructed by neighbor-joining method, and the molecular network was constructed by gene distance < 1.5%. The related factors of the network were analyzed. The mutation sites of drug resistance were analyzed by the online software tool of HIV drug resistance database of Stanford University.

There were 9 subtypes in the sample sequence. The dominant subtypes were two epidemic recombination types circulating recombinant form (CRF), CRF01_AE subtype (41.7%, 70/168), and CRF07_BC subtype (36.3%, 61/168). The other subtypes were B, CRF68_01B,CRF55_01B, CRF65_CPX, CRF67_01B, CRF96_CPX, and C. When the gene distance was 1.50%, a total of 15 molecular clus ters were formed, with a total of 51 sequences, and the network entry rate was 30.4%. Surveillance drug-resistance mutations(SDRM) were monitored in 7 samples, with drug resistance transmission rate of 4.2%, focusing on drug resistance site mutations of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

There are abundant HIV-1 subtypes in Jinan, mainly CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC subtypes. A molecular transmission network should be established for long-term monitoring to take targeted measures to block its spread.

To analyze the incidence and mortality trend of stroke in Chinese population from 2005 to 2019, and to predict the incidence and death from 2020 to 2029.

The incidence and mortality data of stroke in Chinese population according to global burden of disease (GBD) were used. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze the changing trend of stroke incidence and mortality in the population, and the annual change percentage and average annual change percentage and their 95% confidence interval were calculated. The GM（1，1）model was established by R, and the incidence and mortality of stroke in China from 2020 to 2029 were predicted.

The incidence of stroke in China showed an upward trend from 2005 to 2019. The incidence of stroke in men increased from 197.94/100 000 in 2005 to 269.17/100 000 in 2019, with an average annual increase of 2.196% and the fastest increase during 2010 and 2014. The stroke incidence in women rose from 198.57/100 000 in 2005 to 284.46/100 000 in 2019, with an average annual increase of 2.616% and the fastest increase during 2017 and 2019. The male mortality rate showed a slight upward trend. It was predicted that in 2029, the incidence of stroke in China may reach 340.93/100 000 for males and 376.67/100 000 for females, and the mortality rate may reach 191.44/100 000 for males and 126.52/100 000 for females.

The study shows that the incidence of stroke is on the rise in China, and the incidence of stroke in females is higher than that in males. The mortality rate of stroke is on the rise in males. Male and female incidence and male mortality may continue to rise from 2020 to 2029, and stroke prevention and control still need to be strengthened.

To analyze the incidence of gestational hypertension in hospital delivery of obstetrics and gynecology from 2016 to 2022, understand its characteristics and changes, to explore the influencing factors of gestational hypertension, and to construct a predictive model of gestational hypertension, to provide basis for clinical prediction of gestational hypertension.

A total of 101 583 medical records of hospitalized parturient in a hospital of gynecology and obstetrics and children in Sichuan Province from 2016 to 2022 were collected. The χ² test was used for univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis was used to establish the prediction model of influencing factors, and ROC curve was used to evaluate the discrimination of the prediction model.

The incidence of gestational hypertension in hospital delivery of obstetrics and gynecology from 2016 to 2022 was 0.053. The results of logistic regression model showed that older age (OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.243-1.559), local household registration (OR=0.760, 95%CI: 0.689-0.839), hypothyroidism (OR=1.443, 95%CI: 1.160-1.794), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) (OR=1.874, 95%CI: 1.570-2.237), and diabetes mellitus (OR=1.367, 95%CI: 1.230-1.519), multipara (OR=0.693, 95%CI: 0.623-0.770), multiple births (OR=2.443, 95%CI: 2.135-2.795), family history of hypertension (OR=3.347,95%CI: 2.666-4.203), and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) assisted reproduction (OR=1.821, 95%CI: 1.594-2.080) were the influencing factors of gestational hypertension. The area under the ROC curve constructed by the predictive model of gestational hypertension was AUC=0.655 (95%CI: 0.645-0.665).

The risk factors of gestational hypertension are older age, hypothyroidism, ICP, diabetes, multiple births, family history of hypertension, and IVF-ET assisted reproduction. The protective factors of gestational hypertension are local household registration and multipara. The predictive model of gestationall hypertension established in this study has good discrimination ability and has certain predictive value.

To investigate the effect of food intake on nutritional status of elderly patients with diabetes in a physical examination center.

In total 626 subjects who underwent physical examination in a physical examination center from November 20, 2021 to September 3, 2022 were divided into diabetic group (n=130) and non-diabetic group (n=496). The general information of the subjects was collected by questionnaire, the height and weight were measured by automatic monitor, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The mini nutritional assessment short-form (MNA-SF) was used to evaluate the nutrition of the subjects. The cumulative illness rating scale for geriatrics (CIRS-G) was used to evaluate the type and grade of concomitant diseases. According to the BMI level of subjects, the subjects in non-diabetic group and diabetic group were divided into obesity group, overweight group, and normal weight group. Dietary retrospective method was used to investigate the nutritional intake of different obese subjects.

The CIRS-G score of the diabetic group was higher than that of the control group (t=19.827, P < 0.05). The malnutrition rate and malnutrition risk rate in the diabetic group were 13.85% and 46.15%, respectively, which were higher than those in the non-diabetic group (6.25% and 42.34%, χ²=10.676, P < 0.05). The proportion of total energy intake excess in the diabetic group was 70.00%, which was higher than that in the non-diabetic group (39.92%,χ²=41.653, P < 0.05). The proportion of obesity in the diabetic group was 23.08%, which was higher than that in the non-diabetic group (13.71%, χ²=9.982, P < 0.05). The average daily total energy intake of obese group and overweight diabetic group was 2 487.43 ± 135.23 kcal and 2 214.28 ±119.59 kcal, respectively, which was higher than that of normal weight group(2 048.56 ± 121.65, F=117.227, P<0.05). There were significant differences in carbohydrate intake, carbohydrate energy supply, protein intake, and protein energy supply among obesity group, overweight group, and normal weight group (P < 0.05).

The malnutrition rate of diabetic patients in this physical examination center is high, and food intake affects the nutritional status of diabetic patients.