To study the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS incidence in China based on surveillance data from 2005 to 2018, to provide support for scientific, orderly, sustainable, and accurate regional prevention and control strategies.

The spatial autocorrelation method was used to explore the characteristics of spatial-temporal differentiation, and then geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was used to investigate the influencing factors.

Since 2005, the overall spread speed of the AIDS epidemic was accelerating and showed obvious spatial differences demonstrated by unbalanced growth. After 2011, the unbalanced growth accelerated, and the agglomeration trend of the AIDS epidemic in various provinces became more obvious. The spatial nearest neighbor effect was more obvious, and there was an internal expansion trend in the areas below the Bole-Taipei line. Economy, transportation, health care, and education jointly affected the temporal and spatial evolution pattern of HIV/AIDS incidence. Economic factors had a great impact on the spread of AIDS, which was gradually weakening. Most of the traffic factors above the Bole-Taipei line were positive high-value areas and basically remained at a stable level. The influence of medical factors on the incidence of HIV/AIDS was obvious, but it tended to weaken gradually. Educational factors had a great influence on the incidence of HIV/AIDS, and the influence was basically stable.

From the perspective of spatial-temporal data mining, the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and neighborhood effects of the incidence of HIV/AIDS are analyzed, and the effects of economic, transportation, medical, and educational factors on the incidence of HIV/AIDS are discussed. This study helps the public understand AIDS visually from a new perspective and has important reference significance for controlling AIDS epidemic and optimizing the allocation of public health resources.