To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the general medication adherence scale (GMAS) in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease(NTM-PD).

Patients with NTM-PD treated in Wuxi Fifth Hospital affiliated with Jiangnan University from February 2023 to September 2024 were selected as research objects to conduct a questionnaire survey to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of GMAS.

A total of 281 patients were included in the study. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of the universal medication compliance scale was 0.890, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was 0.834-0.890. The broken half reliability was 0.806, the split-half reliability of each dimension was 0.834-0.870, and the test-retest reliability was 0.896. Three common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 76.244%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model had a good fit, χ²/df=1.583, GFI=0.928, AGFI=0.884, NFI=0.934, TLI=0.965, CFI=0.974, TLI=0.965, RMSEA=0.063, and had good convergent validity and discriminant validity.

The Chinese version of GMAS has good reliability and validity in NTM-PD patients, mainly middle-aged and elderly people, and can be used to evaluate the level of medication compliance in this population.

To analyze the changing trends of CRD disease burden in China’s elderly population from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a reference for the development and adjustment of chronic disease prevention and treatment strategies for the elderly in China.

Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database on the burden of disease of CRD in China between 1990 and 2021, we described the burden of disease of CRD in China by gender and age groups, and used Joinpoint regression to analyse the temporal trends of age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of CRD, age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardised disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR). The age, period and cohort effects of CRD incidence and mortality in the elderly in China were estimated using the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model.

Compared with 1990, there was an overall fluctuating downward trend in the number of CRD incidence, death, and DALY in China in 2021, and a decreasing trend in the ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR, with the annual average percentage change (AAPC) of -1.05%, -3.68%, and -3.56%, respectively P < 0.001, and the ASIR, ASMR and ASDR were higher in males than in females. The results of the incidence rate APC model showed that, for the age effect, the relative risk (RR) values of the risk of CRD incidence in elderly Chinese men ranged from 0.448 to 1.872, and the RR values of the risk of CRD incidence in elderly women ranged from 0.438 to 1.679; for the period effect, the RR values of the risk of CRD incidence for men in all periods ranged from 0.960 to 1.051, and the RR values of the risk of CRD incidence for women ranged from 0.921 to 1.139; for the cohort effect, the RR values of morbidity risk ranged from 0.687 to 1.221 for men and from 0.714 to 1.345 for women. The results of the mortality APC model showed that, for the age effect, the RR values of mortality risk of CRD in elderly Chinese men ranged from 0.134 to 5.053, and in elderly Chinese women, the RR values ranged from 0.130 to 5.090; for the period effect, the RR values of mortality risk for males in each period ranged from 0.826 to 1.221, and the RR values of morbidity risk for females ranged from 0.697 to 1.479; for the cohort effect, the RR values of mortality risk for males ranged from 0.374 to 1.693, and those for females ranged from 0.374 to 1.724, and the results of the APC model test showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The differences were statistically different (P < 0.001).

The burden of CRD disease in China from 1990 to 2021 showed a decreasing trend, and the burden was significantly heavier in men than in women. The risk of CRD incidence and mortality in the elderly increased with age, decreased over time, and decreased with the development of birth cohorts. In the future, the focus should be on men and the elderly population, and active measures should be taken to address them.

To investigate the correlation between the DNA damage level of the CYTB gene and the arsenic methylation level, FEN1 and XPC gene polymorphism in workers exposed to arsenic.

A total of 79 workers exposed to occupational arsenic in a coke oven factory in the southern mountainous area of Yunnan Province were selected as the exposure group, and 24 agricultural workers from the same village were selected as the control group. The urine and peripheral blood samples of the subjects were collected.The concentration and percentage of arsenic and its metabolites were detected in the urine, and the DNA damage level of the CYTB gene was detected in peripheral blood.

The concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsonic acid (DMA) in the urine of the exposure group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The methylation level of the exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group in terms of MMA% and primary methylation index (PMI), while the DMA% and secondary methylation index (SMI) were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that the DNA damage level of the CYTB gene was positively correlated with MMA% (P< 0.01) and negatively correlated with SMI (P<0.001). The subjects with genotypes AA or GA+AA at the rs174538 locus of the FEN1 gene had significantly higher DNA damage levels of the CYTB gene than those with genotypes GG at this locus (P< 0.05). However, there was no statistical correlation between the genotype of XPC and the level of DNA damage in the CYTB gene (P>0.05).

Occupational arsenic exposure can lead to increased concentrations of arsenic and its metabolites in urine and decreased methylation of arsenic metabolism in the body. The DNA damage of the CYTB gene can be used as a marker of damage and early health damage in the body, and the mutation at the rs174538 locus of the FEN1 gene is associated with DNA damage of the CYTB gene, which can be used as an indicator of disease susceptibility in arsenic-exposed populations.

To examine the impact of drinking water arsenic exposure on the development of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and to investigate specific changes in plasma exosomal miRNAs.

Sixteen male SPF-grade Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and arsenic. Each group consisted of 8 rats. The arsenic group was exposed to 0.10 mg/L. All groups had unrestricted access to drinking water. The rats were exposed to arsenic for a duration of 21 days. Behavioral assessments using the open field and elevated plus maze tests were conducted on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 to evaluate GAD-like behavior. At the end of the experiment, plasma exosomal miRNAs were extracted from both groups of rats. Sequencing was performed, and the expression levels of differentially expressed miRNAs were validated using real-time quantitative PCR.

On the 21st day after arsenic exposure, the arsenic group exhibited lower body weight compared to the control group (t=7.950, P<0.001). In the open field test, the arsenic group showed a decrease in total distance traveled (t=2.213, P=0.044), an increase in rearing frequency (t=-4.704, P<0.001), an increase in grid crossings (t=4.340, P=0.001), and a decrease in standing frequency (t=4.496, P=0.001) compared to the control group. In the elevated plus maze test, the arsenic group exhibited a decrease in the number of entries into the open arms (t=3.614, P=0.003) and a decrease in time spent in the open arms (t=4.775, P<0.001), while showing an increase in the number of entries into the closed arms (t=-2.486, P=0.026) and an increase in time spent in the closed arms (t=-6.862, P<0.001) compared to the control group. These results indicate GAD-like behavior in the rats exposed to arsenic. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the expression levels of miR-99b-3p, miR-9a-5p, and miR-218a-5p were upregulated, while the expression levels of miR-425a-3p, miR-378a-3p, and miR-155-5p were downregulated in the arsenic group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed plasma exosomal miRNAs indicated their potential involvement in GAD development through processes such as endocytosis, MAPK pathway, Ras signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, and apoptosis.

Drinking water arsenic exposure can induce GAD-like behavior in rats. Plasma exosomal miRNAs, including miR-99b-3p, miR-9a-5p, miR-218a-5p, miR-425a-3p, miR-378a-3p, and miR-155-5p, may be involved in the regulation of GAD development induced by drinking water arsenic exposure.

To investigate the role of the potential pathogenic molecule MMP14 in silicosis.

18 SPF male C57 mice were randomly divided into control and silicosis group, and 16 human specimens from the pneumoconiosis cohort of the Fourth Hospital of West China, Sichuan University. Single-cell sequencing analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes. A silicosis mouse model was induced by silica dioxide using a non-exposure tracheal instillation method. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were employed to assess the degree of inflammation and fibrosis in mouse lung tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the expression of MMP14 and N-cadherin in the lung tissues. Knockdown of MMP14 in epithelial cells (16HBE) was achieved by small interfering RNA, to further verify the expression of N-cadherin. Cell wound healing assays were used to assess the cell migration after MMP14 knockdown.

MMP14 being selected as a potential pathogenic molecule by single-cell sequencing analysis. Compared with the normal control group, the expression of MMP14 and N-cadherin in silicosis lung tissues was significantly increased 3.78 and 2.42 times, respectively (P<0.001). Knockdown of MMP14 in 16HBE cells stimulated by SiO₂ led to the downregulation of N-cadherin by about 30% (P<0.001) and inhibition of cell migration, which area was reduced by 50% (P<0.001).

MMP14 activates the expression of N-cadherin, regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and promotes silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

To explore the relationship between the carbohydrate to fiber ratio (CF) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among residents in the Ili region of Xinjiang, with the goal of providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes.

The data from the the Xinjiang Multi-Ethnic Cohort in the Ili region was utilized, selecting participants who took part in the baseline survey in 2019 and were followed up in 2020, 2021, and 2022. We calculated the CF for study participants based on dietary survey data. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to investigate the association between CF and the risk of T2DM. Additionally, restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between CF and T2DM risk.

A total of 6 879 participants were included in the study, with a median follow-up time of 37.4 months, during which 543 new cases of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were identified. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on CF (Cumulative Frequency). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of developing T2DM in the Q2 and Q3 groups was reduced by 30.0%(HR=0.700, 95% CI: 0.547-0.896) and 29.3% (HR=0.707, 95% CI: 0.553-0.904), respectively, compared to the Q1 group. The use of restricted cubic splines indicated a non-linear U-shaped relationship between CF and the risk of developing T2DM (P<0.05). Stratified analysis revealed that in overweight and obese individuals (BMI≥24 kg/m²), the risk of T2DM in the Q2 and Q3 groups was reduced by 35.7% and 35.4%, respectively, compared to the Q1 group. Among males, the risk of T2DM in the Q2 group was reduced by 31.6% compared to the Q1 group, while in females, the Q3 group showed a reduction of 36.7% compared to the Q1 group. Additionally, in individuals aged under 65 years, the risk of T2DM in the Q2 group was also reduced by 34.5% compared to the Q1 group. No associations were observed in other stratified populations.

A U-shaped relationship exists between CF and the risk of T2DM. Attention should be paid to the CF levels in individuals who are overweight or obese and those under 65 years of age, as there are significant implications for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

To explore the effects of leisure activities (LA), dietary diversity score (DDS) and body fat levels(BMI, WHtR, WC)on the prevalence of physical-psychological-cognitive comorbidities in the elderly.

Based on the CLHLS—2018 data, the comorbidities of the elderly aged 65 and above from 2017 to 2019 were described. The Chi-square and t test were used to compare differences between groups, and multi-factor logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the effects of leisure activities, dietary diversity and body fat indicators on the prevalence of comorbidities in the elderly.

A total of 12 047 subjects were included in the study, and the prevalence of comorbidities was 42.60%, with more females than males. Multivariate regression showed that compared with the Q1 group of LA, the OR and 95% CI of the Q3 group: 0.575 (0.513-0.645); The DDS group OR and 95% CI of the Q3 group: 0.853 (0.774-0.939), P_trend=0.002; Among body fat indicators, only BMI has a significant association. The risk of disease in group Q3 is 1.195 times that of group Q1 (95% CI: 1.065-1.342), P_trend=0.003. Further nonlinear tests indicate that LA and WHtR have non-linear relationships with comorbidities (both P_non-linear< 0.05).

Reasonably controlling body fat levels, increasing engagement in leisure activities, and improving dietary diversity may be effective measures to prevent physical-psychological-cognitive comorbidities in the elderly.

To comprehend the correlation between handgrip strength and blood pressure as well as vital capacity among pupils in Shiyan City, and furnish a scientific basis for pupils to prevent heart and lung diseases.

In November 2023, a cluster random sampling method was used to measure the height, weight, handgrip strength, blood pressure, vital capacity and other indicators of 1 263 primary school students aged 6-12 years in Shiyan City, Hubei Province. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between handgrip strength and blood pressure and vital capacity. Quantile regression model was used to analyze the correlation degree of handgrip strength with blood pressure and vital capacity at different quantiles.

A total of 1 263 students aged 6-12 years old were investigated in Shiyan city, including 658 boys and 605 girls. The systolic blood pressure(Z=-3.280), vital capacity(Z=-7.015)and handgrip strength(Z=-5.675)of boys were higher than those of girls (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure between boys and girls (P>0.05). There were significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity and handgrip strength between pupils of different ages and places of residence (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that handgrip strength was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=0.390), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.271) and vital capacity (r=0.636) (all P<0.01). Quantile regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure increased with the increase of handgrip strength, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The regression coefficient of handgrip strength was the lowest at the 95th percentile of diastolic blood pressure (β=0.222, 95% CI: -0.139-0.583). Except for the 95th percentile, the regression coefficient of handgrip strength and diastolic blood pressure was statistically significant at the other percentiles (P<0.05). The regression coefficient of handgrip strength was the highest at the 50th quantile of vital capacity (β =59.881, 95% CI: 51.456-68.306), and the correlation between handgrip strength and vital capacity at each quantile was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Handgrip strength is positively correlated with blood pressure and vital capacity. Different levels of handgrip strength have different effects on blood pressure and vital capacity in primary school students. Handgrip strength can be used as an index to reflect blood pressure and vital capacity.

To investigate the moderating role of physical activity (PA) in the association between leisure-time sedentary behavior (LT-SB) and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors (NSSI) among secondary vocational students in Guizhou Province, and to determine its significant value for providing a scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of NSSI among this group.

Students from a total of nine secondary schools in Guizhou Province were selected for a self-administered questionnaire survey through a multi-stage stratified whole cluster random sampling method from October to December 2023, and multiple linear regression was used to analyse the moderating effect of different types of PA on the association between LT-SB and NSSI among secondary students and to determine the critical value of the moderating effect by using Johnson-Neumann techniques (J-N techniques).

The detection rate of NSSI among secondary vocational students in Guizhou Province was 27.5%, with male and female students' rates at 14.2% and 13.3%, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed that the interaction term coefficients of total PA, light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) with LT-SB were -0.255, -0.220, -0.472, and -0.424 (P < 0.001), respectively, with MPA having the largest moderating effect. The J-N technique indicated that the association between LT-SB and NSSI weakened as the duration of PA increased, with critical values of 2.39 hours for total PA, 1.63 hours for LPA, 0.99 hours for MPA, and 1.11 hours for VPA.

When developing an exercise intervention to prevent NSSI behavior in secondary vocational students, approximately 1 hour of MPA per day may be the most appropriate and efficient option.

To study the vulnerability and influencing factors of health poverty among depressed people in rural Ningxia and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the governance and implementation of health poverty prevention.

Based on the 2022 health data survey of depressed people in rural Ningxia, 13 evaluation indicators related to the depressed population were selected from the four dimensions of personal characteristics, health level, health services and living environment of depressed populations, and the main influencing factors were identified through binary logit regression analysis, and the results were quantitatively estimated by Shapley decomposition method.

8.49% of the depressed population was at risk of health poverty vulnerability, and age, number of permanent family residents, and per capita housing area were the main influencing factors of health poverty vulnerability. The results of Shapley's decomposition showed that age (28.63%) contributed the most to it.

The influencing factors of health poverty vulnerability of depressed people in rural Ningxia are multidimensional and complex.In order to prevent more depressed people from falling into health poverty, the local government should improve the living environment of depressed people, pay attention to the health status of the elderly and those with large families, and improve their medical and health services and medical security system, so as to reduce the health poverty vulnerability of depressed people in Ningxia.