To investigate the death trend of HIV/AIDS patients in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2022, andto explore the related influencing factors.

A total of 25 181 HIV/AIDS patients living in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2022 were selected as the study objects, demographic characteristics, antiretroviral therapy and causes of death were collected. Study objects were divided into three groups: survival, AIDS-related death and non-AIDS-related death. Kruskal-Wallis test and χ² test were conducted for inter group comparison, Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend change of mortality, and unordered multicategorical logistic regression was used to analyze HIV/AIDS death and its influencing factors.

From 2013 to 2022, a total of 1 187 HIV/AIDS patients deaths were reported in Shandong Province, among which AIDS-related deaths accounted for 34.63% and non-AIDS-related deaths accounted for 65.37%. The mortality rates showed a decreasing trend (APC was -13.58, -20.29, and -9.67, respectively, all P<0.05). Unordered multicategorical logistic regression analysis showed that the time from diagnosis to ART initiation greater than 30 days, WHO clinical stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ were the risk factors for AIDS-related death of HIV/AIDS patients, and the OR (95% CI) values were 1.74(1.41-2.16), 1.93(1.38-2.70), 2.61(1.87-3.63) and 4.81(3.71-6.23); the time from diagnosis to ART initiation greater than 30 days, male, farmer and heterosexual transmission were the risk factors for non-AIDS-related death of HIV/AIDS patients, with OR (95% CI) values of 2.10(1.79-2.46), 1.75(1.38-2.20), 1.60(1.28-2.01), and 1.75(1.48-2.08).

From 2013 to 2022, the case fatality rate of HIV/AIDS patients in Shandong Province has shown a downward trend after the start of ART, the age of death increased, and the case fatality rate of non-AIDS-related deaths is generally higher than that of AIDS-related deaths. There are differences in the influencing factors for AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related deaths, and targeted interventions should be developed.

To analyze and explore the association between lifestyle scores and the risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States (US) population, and to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

The samples of this study were collected from the 2007-2018 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of healthy lifestyle and NAFLD. Further stratified analyses were conducted to investigate potential differences across gender, age, ethnicity, marital status, and education levels.

A total of 4 105 participants were included in this study, comprising 1 284 individuals with NAFLD (24.64%) and 2 821 individuals without NAFLD (75.36%). Compared to low lifestyle score, individuals with moderate (OR=0.372, 95% CI: 0.25-0.56, P=9.15×10^-6) and high lifestyle score (OR=0.091, 95% CI: 0.06-0.14, P=1.50×10^-17) had a lower risk of developing NAFLD. Stratified analyses revealed that this effect was more pronounced among males and individuals aged 60 and above.

Healthy lifestyle is associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD, and improving lifestyle score can be effective in preventing and treating NAFLD.

To investigate the causal relationship and mechanisms between obesity and bone mineral density using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets of body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and total body bone mineral density, univariate two-sample MR analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship between obesity and bone mineral density. A multivariate MR method was also employed to adjust for variables such as lean mass and body weight to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Univariate MR analysis showed a significant protective effect of BMI on total body bone mineral density (β=0.06, 95% CI:0.03-0.09) with consistent results across sex-specific studies, while no significant causal effect was found between body fat percentage and total body bone mineral density (β=-0.01, P=0.13). After adjusting for lean mass (β=0.04, P=0.06) and weight (β=0.03, P=0.48) using multivariate MR, the protective effect of BMI on total body bone mineral density disappeared. In contrast, a significant negative causal effect was observed between body fat percentage and total body bone mineral density after adjusting for lean mass (β=-0.02, 95% CI:-0.03-0.00) and weight (β=-0.05, 95% CI:-0.07--0.02).

Obesity primarily exerts a protective effect on bone mineral density through mechanically-related indicators such as weight and lean mass, while body fat itself has a detrimental effect on bone mineral density.

To systematically evaluate the post-market safety of human papilloma virus vaccine in Jiangxi province．

The doses number of HPV administered from 2017 to 2022 wascollected from all the vaccination institutions, and theadverse events followingimmunization（AEFI）cases were collected through the AEFI Surveillance Module of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Using descriptive statistics, the incidences and epidemiological characteristics were estimated．

81 AEFI cases of HPV were reported from 2017 to 2022，and the incidence was 3.38 per 100 000 doses. Moreover, the incidence of HPV2, HPV4 and HPV9 were 3.21, 3.38 and 3.84 per 100 000 doses, respectively. A totalof 71.60% cases were 20-39 years old and 75.31%occurred in 2 days after inoculation. 59.26% were common adverse reactions. Most rare vaccine reactions were allergic rashes, and the reported incidence was 0.50 per 100 000 doses.

The human papilloma virus vaccine has acceptable safety profile in Jiangxi. The sensitivity of monitoring system needs to be further improved.

To explore the current situation and trend of growth, development and nutrition of children aged 3-6 in Zhejiang Province, To provide reference for improving growth and development level.

Under the unified organization of the National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center, the research group measured the body shape data of children aged 3 to 6 years in Zhejiang Province, and compared and analyzed the body shape data of children aged 3 to 6 years in Zhejiang Province based on 2014 and 2020.

In terms of growth and development, the children aged 3-6 years in Zhejiang Province were in good condition in 2020, and all indicators of boys were higher than those of girls (P<0.05), with a small urban-rural difference. Compared with 2014, height (F_man=4.08, P<0.05; F_women=210.82, P<0.01), weight (F_man=18.33, P<0.01; F_women=10.26, P<0.01) and BMI (F_man=25.41, P<0.01; F_women=6.19, P<0.05) increased in 2020 (P<0.05). In terms of nutritional status, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 13.0% and 8.4% among children aged 3-6 years in Zhejiang province in 2020, and the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in boys were higher than those in girls (P<0.05). The rates of overweight and obesity in rural boys were 1.6% and 2.6% higher than those in urban children, and the rates in rural girls were 2.4% and 1.2% higher than those in urban children. From 2014 to 2020, the overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in young children showed an upward trend. The overweight and obesity rates in boys increased by 3.1% and 2.0%, respectively (P< 0.05), and girls increased by 0.9% and 0.4%, respectively.

In Zhejiang Province, children’s growth and development level increase steadily, but the risk of overweight and obesity is on the rise, especially in rural areas. Effective measures should be taken to curb the growing trend of overweight and obesity.

To study the single-disease settlement cost and its influencing factors for age-related cataract surgery patients under the centralized volume-based procurement policy of intraocular lens, and to provide theoretical suggestions and data support for optimizing the cost structure, controlling the growth of medical costs, and improving the quota payment policy of intraocular lens materials.

The medical records and single-disease payment information of 215 age-related cataract patients admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology of a provincial tertiary public general hospital in Guangzhou from June 1, 2021 to April 30, 2022 were collected. Descriptive analysis, new grey correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the composition and influencing factors of single-disease settlement expenses and the burden of intraocular lens materials.

The treatment cost, intraocular lens cost and diagnosis cost were the main types of hospitalization expenses for age-related cataract surgery patients (accounting for 52.12%, 19.79% and 13.56% respectively, accounting for 85.47% in total). At the same time, it was also the main type of expense affecting the average hospitalization expense per time (the correlation coefficients were 1.000, 0.751, 0.717). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the length of hospital stay, anesthesia type (local anesthesia as the reference, general anesthesia β=3 513.340) and intraocular lens type (soft spherical three-piece monofocal non-astigmatism type as the reference, soft aspheric one-piece monofocal astigmatism type β=2 590.090; soft aspheric one-piece continuous visual field non-astigmatism type β=10 496.020, soft aspheric one-piece trifocal non-astigmatism type β=21 889.810) were the influencing factors of hospitalization expenses (P<0.001). Under the medical insurance limit payment of intraocular lens material fee, the proportion of the highest burden of patients is low when the selected intraocular lens unit price is less than the maximum limit standard (1 800 yuan), and the proportion of the highest burden of patients increases with the increase of the price of intraocular lens when the selected intraocular lens unit price is more than the maximum limit standard (1 800 yuan).

The structure of hospitalization expenses for age-related cataract surgery becomes more reasonable under the centralized volume-based procurement policy of intraocular lens, and the labor value of medical staff is realized. However, more attention should be paid to the changes of intraocular lens costs and diagnostic fees in the future. Shortening the length of hospital stay, reasonable selection of anesthesia methods, reasonable selection of different types of intraocular lens and reducing the price of intraocular lens can effectively reduce the hospitalization cost of age-related cataract surgery patients. Appropriately raising the fee limit of intraocular lens materials according to the affordability of local medical insurance fund is helpful to reduce the cost burden of surgical patients.

To provide basis for health-related physical curriculum reform and health education in primary and secondary schools.

In September 2018, a total of 23 191 students from grades 1 to 12 in Chengdu were selected for a physical fitness test using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Additionally, 1 024 middle school students from grades 7, 8, 10, and 11 were randomly selected for a lifestyle questionnaire survey. Rank correlation analysis was employed to compare the differences in physical fitness among students with different BMI levels, and linear correlation analysis was used to examine the associations between physical fitness and lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and sleep.

The respondents’ sit-and-reach test scores (r_s=0.042, P=0.009), grip strength (r_s=0.499, P<0.001) increased with BMI level, while the vital capacity body mass index decreased with BMI level (r_s=-0.242, P<0.001). With increasing BMI levels, the physical comprehensive scores of the respondents tended to increase at first and then decrease. Using BMI as the independent variable and physical comprehensive score as the dependent variable, a total of eight regression equations were derived. As follows: Grades 3-4: male students: y=-0.016X²+0.423X-2.532, female students: y=-0.005X²+0.123X-0.588; Grades 5-6: male students: y=-0.027X²+0.841X-6.214, female students: y=-0.012X²+0.314X-1.741; Grades 7-9: male students: y=-0.038X²+1.521X-14.666, female students: y=-0.008X²+0.163X-0.132; Grades 10-12: male students: y=-0.035X²+1.428X-14.233, female students: y=0.007X²-0.390X+5.160. The pass rates of the surveyed subjects in the standing long jump (r=0.567, P<0.001) and visual acuity (r=0.425, P<0.001) were positively correlated with exercise. The vital capacity body mass index pass rate for male students(r=0.504, P=0.028) was positively correlated with exercise. The BMI pass rate for female students was positively correlated with both diet (r=0.688, P=0.017) and exercise (r=0.497, P=0.012).

Middle school students’ vital capacity body mass index, standing long jump, and visual acuity status were related to exercise. Female students’ BMI was related to diet. The physical fitness, BMI, and lifestyle of primary and middle school students are mutual influence, mutual cause and effect.

To evaluate the intervention effect of nutritional intervention measures on the supply of various foods, energy, and nutrients for lunch among students in Wenzhou, as well as the rate of leftover food.

From 2021 to 2022, a middle school was randomly selected from 13districts in Wenzhou City. Before and after the intervention, the school was surveyed for a continuous week using weighing and accounting methods to investigate the supply of various types of food in the cafeteria and the daily number of diners. Leftovers were classified and weighed. Intervention measures include nutritional meal support and nutritional health education. The results were evaluated based on the "Student Dietary Nutrition Guidelines" and the "Reference Intakes of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents (2013 Edition)".

After the intervention, the food supply in the cafeteria of junior high schools in Wenzhou reached 80.00% of the recommended amount, including grains, potatoes, fish, and shrimp. The food supply below 80.00% of the recommended amount was vegetables, fruits, eggs, and milk. The food supply above 120.00% of the recommended amount was poultry and animal meat, vegetable oil, and salt. The supply of fruits, fish, and shrimp was significantly improved (t=2.342, P=0.029; t=-1.914, P=0.070). In terms of nutrient supply, nutrients that reach 60.00% of the recommended amount include energy, calcium, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and carbohydrate energy supply ratio. Nutrients that are lower than 60% of the recommended amount include vitamin A, dietary fiber, protein, zinc, iron, vitamin C, and fat energy supply ratio. Among them, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C supply and fat energy supply ratio have been significantly improved (t=2.280, P=0.0340; t=-3.261, P=0.004; U=-2.638, P=0.008; t=-2.173, P=0.041). The rate of leftover staple and vegetarian dishes decreased significantly (χ²=4.828, P=0.028; χ²=15.813, P<0.001).

Based on schools, adopting nutritional meal support and implementing nutritional health education interventions can to some extent improve the supply of lunch food, energy, and nutrients in school canteens, and reduce the rate of leftover food and vegetables among students.