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To investigate the causal relationship and mechanisms between obesity and bone mineral density using Mendelian randomization (MR).
Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets of body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and total body bone mineral density, univariate two-sample MR analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship between obesity and bone mineral density. A multivariate MR method was also employed to adjust for variables such as lean mass and body weight to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
Univariate MR analysis showed a significant protective effect of BMI on total body bone mineral density (β=0.06, 95% CI:0.03-0.09) with consistent results across sex-specific studies, while no significant causal effect was found between body fat percentage and total body bone mineral density (β=-0.01, P=0.13). After adjusting for lean mass (β=0.04, P=0.06) and weight (β=0.03, P=0.48) using multivariate MR, the protective effect of BMI on total body bone mineral density disappeared. In contrast, a significant negative causal effect was observed between body fat percentage and total body bone mineral density after adjusting for lean mass (β=-0.02, 95% CI:-0.03-0.00) and weight (β=-0.05, 95% CI:-0.07--0.02).
Obesity primarily exerts a protective effect on bone mineral density through mechanically-related indicators such as weight and lean mass, while body fat itself has a detrimental effect on bone mineral density.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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