To investigate the in vitro and in vivo hypoglycemic function of composite solid beverage with extract of Malus hupehensis and Panax ginseng as the main raw material.

The in vitro hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by inhibiting the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, the in vivo hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in mice with oral starch tolerance test and model of type 2 diabetes induced by high sugar and high fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ).

The composite solid beverage had a certain inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, with semi-inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of (2.50±0.32) mg/mL and (0.36±0.03) mg/mL, respectively. In the oral starch tolerance test of normal mice, when the high and low dose composite solid beverage group compared with the blank control group, the amplitude of blood glucose increase at 30 min was reduced by 79.64% and 51.27% (P<0.05), respectively, the area under the blood glucose curve was decreased by 24.72% and 11.20% (P<0.05), respectively. After 4 weeks of drug administration in type 2 diabetic mice, when the high and low dose composite solid beverage group compared with the model group, the fasting blood glucose was decreased by 27.92% and 16.48% (P<0.05), respectively, glycosylated serum protein levels was decreased by 19.46% (P<0.05) and 8.60%, respectively, serum insulin levels was decreased by 28.84% and 18.57%(P<0.05), respectively, liver index was decreased by 13.59% (P<0.05) and 6.04%, respectively, kidney index was decreased by 18.67% (P<0.05) and 10.22%, respectively.

Malus hupehensis-Panax ginseng composite solid beverage has a good hypoglycemic activities in vitro and in vivo, which can significantly reduce postprandial and fasting blood glucose levels in mice, the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activity of starch digestase,increasing insulin sensitivity and protecting liver and kidney tissue.

To establish a method for determation of 22 kinds of phytochemicals in Ficus carica by high performance liquid chromatography.

Ficus carica samples were ground, then mixed with distilled water and sonicated at 50 ℃ for 30 min before centrifugation. Ficus carica tea samples were soaked in 100 ℃distilled water. After soaking, samples were separated using gradient elution with 0.15% phosphoric acid solution-acetonitrile as mobile phase on an Agilent Eclipse XDB C₁₈ (4.6 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm) column. Column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃ with a 10 μL injection volume. Plant chemical content was determined using the external standard method with wavelength switching technology.

The 22 kinds of phytochemicals were detected within 50 min with baseline separation achieved, and the linear correlation coefficients (r²) were all greater than 0.9995. The limits of detection ranged from 0.06 to 0.35 μg/g, the limits of quantitation ranged from 0.20 to 1.18 μg/g, and the spiked recovery rates ranged from 84.7% to 106.6%, relative standard deviations were 1.3%–9.5%.

The method is sensitive, accurate and reproducible, and is suitable for determining the 22 kinds of phytochemicals in Ficus carica tea.

To investigate the ameliorative effect of B-3 probiotic powder on diet-induced obesity in rats.

First, the obesity model was established by feeding rats with high-calorie diet and the rats were divided into a blank control group, a model control group and low, medium and high-dose B-3 probiotic powder groups. The rats were continuously administered for 42 d. The body weight and food intake data were recorded weekly. At the end of the experiment, the levels of perirenal fat, peritesticular fat, serum inflammatory factors,adiponectin and intestinal hormones were measured.

B-3 probiotic powder significantly inhibited body weight gain, perirenal fat, peritesticular fat, body fat weight, fat/body ratio and food utilization rate increase in obese rats. Serum analysis indicated that oral administration of B-3 probiotic powder significantly reduced the levels of interleukin-6 and C-type reactive protein and increased the levels of adiponectin (P<0.01), glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY in the serum of obesity model rats.

B-3 probiotic powder can effectively inhibit diet-induced obesity in rats by promoting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY and by promoting the secretion of adiponectin to inhibit obesity-induced inflammatory response.

To establish a geographical origin discrimination model for Fritillaria thunbergii based on multi-element fingerprint characteristics, thereby identifying the authenticity of this medicinal and edible substance.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique was employed to determine the content of 38 kinds of inorganic elements in 32 batches of Fritillaria thunbergii and its confusable species Fritillaria hupehensis collected from the market. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and Fisher linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were performed on the elemental content data.

All target elements exhibited good linearity within their respective concentration ranges (r>0.999), with spiked recoveries ranging from 81.73% to 114.85%. The preliminary distinction between Fritillaria thunbergii and Fritillaria hupehensis could be achieved through PCA, but there was some overlap in some samples. An OPLS-DA classification model was subsequently developed, with model metrics R²X=0.685, R²Y=0.858 and Q²=0.700 (all>0.5), confirming its stability and reliability.Using variable importance in projection (VIP)>1 as the cutoff, 15 kinds of differential characteristic elements were screened to distinguish the 2 kinds of species. Ratio transformation was applied to these characteristic element variables to construct a Fisher LDA model and cross-validation results showed a discrimination accuracy of 100%,indicating excellent classification performance.

The established model allows rapid and accurate differentiation between Fritillaria thunbergii and Fritillaria hupehensis and provides a scientific basis for geographical origin traceability and optimization of quality evaluation systems for Fritillaria thunbergii.

To investigate the effects of different processing techniques on the antioxidant activity and soluble solids content of Lanzhou Pyrus ussuriensis Ruan’er pear paste, and determine its optimal processing conditions.

Fresh Lanzhou Pyrus ussuriensis Ruan’er were used as the raw material. A combination of single-factor experiments and an orthogonal test design was employed. The study examined the effects of post-ripening duration, concentration time, concentration temperature, amount of water added and the dosage of D-sodium erythorbate on key indicators, including soluble solids content, total flavonoids content, total phenols content and sensory evaluation scores of the prepared pear paste. The influence hierarchy of these factors on the evaluation indicators was analyzed to identify the optimal preparation parameters.

The processing factors mentioned above significantly affected the total phenols and total flavonoids content in the pear paste. The optimized preparation conditions were determined as follows: A post-ripening time of 30 d, a concentration time of 35 min, a concentration temperature of 65 ℃, a water addition level of 20%, and a D-sodium erythorbate addition amount of 0.70%. Verification tests confirmed that the pear paste produced under these optimal conditions achieved a soluble solids content of 87%, with total flavonoids and total phenols content reaching 682.00 mg/kg and 484.67 mg/kg,respectively. This demonstrated effective retention of bioactive compounds and significant antioxidant properties.Average sensory quality score was 81.5 points.

This study successfully optimizes the preparation process for Lanzhou Pyrus ussuriensis Ruan’er pear paste. The optimized process effectively retains active components such as total flavonoids and total phenols, significantly enhances soluble solids content and sensory quality, thereby providing a reliable theoretical foundation and practical reference for the standardized industrial production of Lanzhou Pyrus ussuriensis Ruan’er pear paste.

To establish a rapid method for the determination of tetracycline in honey by nanogold-aptamer colorimetric method.

Discovery Studio 2022 software was used to optimize the tertiary structure of aptamer and select the optimal adapter. The relationship between different tetracycline concentrations and changes in absorbance ratio at specific wavelengths was explored under optimized conditions.

Under the optimal conditions of AuNPs:aptamer:tetracycline:NaCl ratio of 5:1:1:1 (V:V:V:V), NaCl concentration of 0.4 mol/L,and adapter concentration of 0.30 mol/L, the established method showed a good linear relationship with the change in absorbance ratio within the range of tetracycline mass concentration of 1–200 ng/mL. The linear regression equation was Y=0.007X+0.16, r²=0.9906, and the limit of detection was 0.838 ng/mL. Specific analysis showed that this method had high specificity for tetracycline and had no color reaction with enrofloxacin, salbutamol and other drugs.The recovery rates of honey determination with added standards were 95.30%–97.96%. Compared with the detection results of GB/T 21317—2007 Method for detecting tetracycline residues in animal derived foods-Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography, it had good accuracy.

This method has strong specificity, is easy to operate, and can quickly quantify tetracycline residues in samples.

To investigate the in vivo antioxidant effects of balenine and its impact on skeletal muscle metabolism–related indicators, and its biosafety within the experimental dose range.

Mice were used as the experimental subjects and were administered different doses of balenine by gavage for 4 consecutive weeks.Physiological changes were monitored throughout the study, including body weight and the weights of major organs such as the liver, kidney and spleen. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to evaluate tissue morphology.Antioxidant capacity was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde levels as well as the activities of catalase, total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The expression levels of 4 kinds of myosin heavy chain subtypes and genes related to energy metabolism were assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to evaluate skeletal muscle metabolic function.

Compared with the control group, balenine administration at all tested doses did not induce significant changes in body weight or major organ weights. Tissue structures remained intact without observable pathological lesions. Low-dose balenine significantly reduced the level of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde and increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities.Meanwhile, low-dose balenine upregulated the expression of myosin heavy chain IIa and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α.

Within the experimental dose range, balenine exhibits good biosafety, effectively improves the in vivo antioxidant status, and exerts positive regulatory effects on skeletal muscle metabolism and muscle fiber-type-related indicators. These findings provide scientific support for the potential use of balenine as a functional food ingredient.

To evaluate the nutritional value of Hainan specialty prepared dishes using the nutrient-rich food index (NRF) model.

The 39 representative Hainan specialty prepared dishes were selected. Protein, fat, vitamins and minerals were determined according to Chinese national standard methods.After classification by ingredient types, nutritional value was assessed using the NRF 8.2 index. Nutritional distribution characteristics were analyzed using bubble plots and Kruskal-Wallis test.

The 38 dishes had a positive NRF 8.2 score (except Li-style braised pork belly). Nutritional value ranking: Seafood (93.49)>mixed dishes (61.62)>livestock (44.33)>poultry (37.84), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Median macronutrient content analysis showed: Highest protein in livestock (24.75 g/100 g), highest fat (20.30 g/100 g) and energy(1231.60 kJ/100 g) in poultry, and highest carbohydrates in mixed dishes (12.89 g/100 g), all with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Median sodium content was highest in livestock (439.00 mg/100 g), but inter-group differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Hainan specialty dishes showes significant categorical differences: Seafood dishes represents “low-energy, high-NRF, high-protein” optimal dietary choices; poultry exhibits “high-energy, low-NRF, hight-protein” characteristics, requiring promotion of skin-removal consumption methods; livestock demonstrated “high-energy, low-NRF, high-protein, high-sodium”; the balanced mix features“moderate-energy, moderate-to-high-NRF and moderate-protein” features, and it is recommended to optimize cooking methods and diversify ingredient combinations.

To investigate water-boiling on the nutritional value of trace elements, establish a bioaccessibility-based evaluation system for Zea mays L. mineral quality, and assess the changes in the bioaccessibility and comprehensive nutritional contribution of major minerals in Zea mays L. induced by water-boiling.

The 2 kinds of representative commercially available Zea mays L. samples (M1 and M2)were selected and treated by water-boiling. Using the physiologically based extraction test (PBET), an in vitro digestion model that simulates the human gastrointestinal environment, this study determined and compared the changes in the total concentrations of 8 kinds of mineral elements in Zea mays L. before and after water-boiling treatment, including potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn),copper (Cu)and zinc (Zn), together with their bioaccessibility in the small intestinal phase. Furthermore, to more accurately reflect actual human absorption, a multidimensional nutritional quality evaluation model was established for quantitative analysis based on estimated daily intake (EDI), contribution to recommended nutrient intake (RNI),and index of nutritional quality (INQ).

Water-boiling treatment altered the matrix structure and affected the bioaccessibility of minerals in Zea mays L., with different elements presenting differentiated trends. The bioaccessibility of Zn, Mn, and Mg increased by 7%–45%. The bioaccessibility of Ca and Cu decreased by 14%–49%. K exhibited extremely high solubility stability, whereas Fe and P achieved a recovery of release in the small intestine stage. Data assessment based on bioaccessibility showed that Zea mays L. was a stable and high-quality dietary source of K, P and Mg. Estimated based on conventional consumption amounts, the EDI of its edible parts and the contribution rate to the RNI were both at relatively high levels; INQ analysis further confirmed that even afterwater-boiling, Zea mays L. still possessed good nutritional value in providing K, P, and Mg, belonging to high-nutrient-density quality foods.

This study reveals that water-boiling exerts a bidirectional regulatory effect on the bioaccessibility of mineral elements in Zea mays L., thereby altering their final nutritional quality. This study indicates that the total concentration of minerals in food cannot accurately reflect the degree of their actual absorption and utilization by the human body. When performing food dietary nutritional evaluation and processing technology optimization, it is necessary to consider bioaccessibility indicators in combination with traditional total concentration indicators to more scientifically and accurately assess the actual nutritional contribution of processed foods. This finding provides a key theoretical basis for nutritional loss assessment in household cooking,precise dietary guidance for special populations and the optimization of food processing technologies.