To establish a consumer-centered technical system and grading specification for evaluating the freshness of medium- and small-sized Citrullus lanatus and Amygdalus persica ‘Honey Peach’.

Representative local medium- and small-sized Citrullus lanatus and Amygdalus persica ‘Honey Peach’, including “8424” and “Jinshan Xiaohuangguan” watermelons and “Nanhui honey peach” were selected as research subjects. A multi-dimensional evaluation approach combining sensory, physicochemical and non-destructive analyses was used to investigate changes in freshness.

Stem condition, aroma and flesh texture carried higher weights, stem score and weight loss rate showed strong correlations with time (r²>0.94) in Citrullus lanatus freshness evaluation. While significant differences were observed among groups for physicochemical indicators such as lycopene, no clear time-based grading pattern emerged. For Amygdalus persica ‘Honey Peach’ stored at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃, sensory indicators including surface defects and shrinkage degree were prominent. Physicochemical indicators such as sugar-acid ratio and hardness showed inter-group differences, but only vitamin C content decreased linearly over time. Image feature correlation analysis revealed that Citrullus lanatus stem red green blue (RGB) values, length and other image features were significantly correlated with time (|r²|>0.7). The 9 feature indicators, including the fluff ratio of Amygdalus persica ‘Honey Peach’, also exhibited strong correlations.

Based on correlation, weight prioritization, non-destructive feature analysis and practical applicability, 3 grading indicators each are proposed for whole Citrullus lanatus (stem condition, peel condition, weight loss rate) and cut Citrullus lanatus (flesh morphology, taste, juiciness). For Amygdalus persica ‘Honey Peach’, grading criteria under different storage temperatures are established, focusing on peel condition, fuzz condition, texture and vitamin C content. The evaluation system features clear indicators and simple operation, providing a reference for standardizing the production and sales of regional specialty agricultural products.

To systematically characterize the long-term evolutionary patterns of nutritional quality and metabolic profiles in a single Oryza sativa L. cultivar.

Oryza sativa L. samples of the cultivar Ezhong No.5, preserved by the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, encompassing 5 production years (2009 and 2019–2022), were analyzed. Under conditions of identical cultivar background, consistent cultivation management, and traceable storage conditions, cooking quality, intrinsic viscosity and major nutritional components were determined using conventional physicochemical methods, while comprehensive metabolic characterization was conducted through untargeted metabolomics based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A total of 273 metabolites were identified. According to the Classy Fire chemical classification system, these metabolites could be divided into 9 superclasses, with lipids and lipid-like molecules accounting for the largest proportion. Oryza sativa L. samples from different production years exhibited stage-dependent variations in amylose, gel consistency, protein and amino acids. Principal component analysis demonstrated a distinct year-dependent separation of metabolic profiles. Differential metabolites were primarily enriched in fatty acyls, glycerophospholipids, flavonoids and organic acid derivatives, indicating that lipid metabolism and secondary metabolic pathways contributed substantially to year-related metabolic variations. A gradient boosting machine model established based on metabolomic profiles exhibited favorable discriminative performance, achieving an accuracy of 93.33% in three-fold cross-validation, thereby demonstrating the presence of stable and distinguishable metabolic signatures among Oryza sativa L. samples from different production years.

During long-term storage and chronological progression, the quality traits and metabolic composition of the same Oryza sativa L. variety exhibit stable and identifiable differences over time. This study, based on a scarce sample of the same variety spanning more than ten years, reveals the chronological evolution of Oryza sativa L. quality and metabolic characteristics, providing an important reference for Oryza sativa L. quality evaluation and storage management research.

To systematically sort out the research status, technological evolution and development trends in the field of low-alcohol and dealcoholized wines.

Using bibliometric methods, a statistical analysis was conducted on relevant literature in the core collection databases of China national knowledge infrastructure and Web of Science from 1980 to 2025. Visual research was carried out from the dimensions of publication volume, national/institutional cooperation and research hotspots, and the principles, characteristics and application status of mainstream dealcoholization technologies such as reduced pressure distillation，spinning cone column，reverse osmosis and vacuum distillation were reviewed.

The number of publications in the field of low-alcohol and dealcoholized wines had shown a significant growth trend in recent years. The United States and Spain were the core publishing countries with close international cooperation，and institutions such as the Spanish National Research Council，the Center for Biomedical Research in Red and the University of California were the core research institutions. Current research hotspots focused on brewing technology and parameter optimization，flavor quality and stability improvement，etc. Both traditional thermal treatment and new membrane technology dealcoholization had their own advantages and disadvantages，and it was difficult to balance the dual goals of ethanol removal and aroma retention.

Low-alcohol and dealcoholized wines are in line with the health consumption trend. In the future，research should be carried out around dealcoholization technology optimization，flavor quality regulation，product stability improvement and other directions. The results of this study can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the high-quality development of the low-alcohol and dealcoholized wine industry.

To assess the levels of pesticide residues in vegetables in Jiamusi City from 2023 to 2024 and their dietary intake risks.

Quantitative detection of 38 kinds of pesticide residues in 90 vegetable samples collected from farmers’ markets and supermarkets was conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chronic and acute dietary intake risk assessments were conducted for detected pesticides.

The detection rate of pesticide residues in vegetables was 63.33%.Cyfluthrin, propafenil, carbendazim and triadimefon were the main detected pesticides. Among different categories, leafy vegetables were high-risk types of vegetables. Chronic and acute dietary intake risk assessment indicated that the acceptable daily intake% (ADI%), acute reference dose% (ARfD%) and index of food safety (IFS) of various pesticides were all below the safety threshold and the overall risk was controllable.

The study confirms that there are certain pesticide residues in vegetables in Jiamusi City. Although the overall dietary intake risk is acceptable, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of high-risk pesticides, optimize the monitoring system and promote differentiated management.

To investigate the differences in chemical composition, spectral characteristics, microscopic morphology and antioxidant activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from Thailand (A), Shangqiu Henan (B), Land Port Campus of Xinjiang Agricultural University (C) and the medicinal herb planting base of Hotan University (D).

Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to determine the content differences of the main components in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds. Structural characteristics were analyzed using ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy. In vitro antioxidant experiments were performed to measure the scavenging capacity against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) radical, OH radical and 2, 2’-biazo-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cationic radical, providing a comprehensive assessment of their antioxidant activity.

The chemical composition of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from the 4 kinds of sources varied. The highest content of polysaccharides, saponins, proteins, flavonoids, oils and moisture were 3.89%(B), 1.02% (C), 23.66% (D), 8.81% (A), 7.54% (C) and 8.62% (B), respectively. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed the highest weight percentages of the main elements as follows: C (72.36%, D), O (43.87%, A), N(10.25%, C), P (2.01%, C), K (3.33%, B), S (0.6%, C), Cl (0.33%, B), Na (0.39%, B) and Mg (0.25%, C). Scanning electron microscopy morphology analysis indicated significant microscopic structural differences in the water and ethanol extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from different sources. The half-maximal scavenging concentration of the water and ethanol extracts against DPPH radical, OH radical and ABTS cationic radical were as follows: Water extracts: 0.23–0.41, 0.65–3.72 and 0.24–0.35 mg/mL, ethanol extracts: 1.77–3.65, 0.16–4.93 and 0.76–1.68 mg/mL, respectively, demonstrating a clear dose-response relationship.

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from the 4 kinds of origins primarily contain polysaccharides, saponins, proteins, flavonoids, oils and other components, as well as elements such as C, O, N, P, K, S, Cl, Na and Mg. Principal component analysis comprehensively evaluate that Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from Urumqi, Xinjiang, exhibite relatively superior overall quality and demonstrated good antioxidant activity.

To predict the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in the Bohai Sea, explore the correlation between foodborne multi metallic elements contaminants and the levels of PSP, and complete the dietary risk assessment of PSP.

This study analyzed samples with relatively high detection rates of 5 kinds of PSP, including saxitoxin (STX), gonyautoxins2/3/4 (GTX2, GTX3, GTX4) and neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), collected in the Bohai Sea from 2018 to 2024. The maximal information coefficient (MIC) was used to analyze the correlation, redundancy and complementarity with the multi metallic element content in bivalves. Based on this, feature selection for multi metallic elements was conducted, and 5 kinds of classical machine learning models to predict PSP levels was utilized. The experiments employed 10-fold cross-validation, paired t-tests and compared the prediction accuracy using a 95% confidence interval (CI). Finally, the point assessment method was used to evaluate the dietary risks of 2 kinds of shellfish, Manila clams and mussels, in the Bohai Sea region for 5 different age groups.

The feature selection method effectively identified multi metallic element hazard factors related to PSP content. The random forest (RF) model showed the largest reductions in mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error(RMSE) for predicting GTX3 of gonyautoxin, with reductions of 8.0% (95%CI: –0.0821 to –0.0779, P<0.05) and 9.1% (95%CI: –0.0997 to –0.0823, P<0.05) respectively. The RF model exhibited lower predictive errors, with MAE and RMSE values of 0.147 and 0.183 respectively. The dietary risks of consuming Manila clams and mussels from the Bohai Sea area were acceptable for people in all 5 age groups.

The dynamic feature selection method proposed in this study, which integrates MIC and redundancy-complementarity evaluation, can effectively uncover synergistic and antagonistic effects among multiple metal elements, significantly improving PSP prediction accuracy.Meanwhile, the dietary risks of relevant bivalves for all 5 age groups remain within safe levels, providing scientific support and technical reference for the safety management of bivalves in the Bohai Sea.

To improve the production of curdlan by Agrobacterium sp. A02 during fermentation, and optimize the fed-batch fermentation process.

The 3 kinds of fed-batch fermentation processes were carried out for Agrobacterium sp. during the batch fermentation process in a 15 L fermenter, including a single supplementation of carbon source after discharging the fermentation broth, continuous feeding of the culture medium after discharging, and a single supplementation of the culture medium after discharging. The effects of these processes on the production of curdlan were investigated.

The single supplementation of carbon source after discharging had the worst effect, while the continuous feeding of the culture medium had the best effect. The curdlan production obtained by continuous medium supplementation and one-time medium supplementation was 66.69 g/L and 66.51 g/L respectively. Compared with the curdlan production obtained by one-time carbon source supplementation (53.69 g/L), it increased by 23.97% and 24.31% respectively. The production intensity was all 0.69 g/(L·h), which was 23.2% higher than the one-time carbon source supplementation [0.56 g/(L·h)]. The curdlan production rate of continuous medium supplementation was 0.11 g/(h·g-cell), which was 22.2% higher than the process of one-time carbon source supplementation and one-time medium supplementation [0.09 g/(h·g-cell)]. The conversion rates of continuous medium supplementation and one-time medium supplementation were 44.31% and 40.67% respectively, which were 1.1 times and 1.0 times that of one-time carbon source supplementation (40.67%).

By comparing the 3 kinds of fed-batch fermentation processes, the fermentation process of continuous feeding of the culture medium after discharging in the middle stage of fermentation has the highest production of curdlan, production intensity, specific curdlan production rate and conversion rate, which is superior to the other 2 kinds of fermentation processes. This study provides useful information for enhancing the industrial production of curdlan.

To optimize the detection method for vitamin B₁ (VB₁) in infant formula milk powder.

The content of VB₁ in different matrix samples was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography. The effects of hydrolysis cooling time, hydrolysis temperature, production process, enzyme solution and raw material matrix on the detection results were analyzed to optimize the pretreatment for VB₁ detection in infant formula milk powder.

The detection process was accurate and reliable, with recovery rates of 94.3% to 102.0% for VB₁ standard solutions without milk powder matrix. Hydrolysis cooling time, production process and mixed enzyme solution had no significant effect on VB₁ detection results and recovery rate (P>0.05). Hydrolysis temperature and milk powder matrix were key synergistic factors causing lower detection results. VB₁ detection results and recovery rate from room-temperature hydrolysis were significantly higher than those from high-temperature hydrolysis (P<0.01). Furthermore, recovery rate of mixed powders decreased significantly after high-temperature hydrolysis (P<0.05).

The optimized ambient-temperature hydrolysis method eliminates high-pressure hydrolysis operations, simplifies pretreatment procedures and achieves spiked recovery rates approaching 100%. This method is suitable for the efficient batch detection of VB₁ in infant formula milk powder.

To investigate the effects of pH on high-energy density total nutrient formula emulsion foods stability by analyzing the physicochemical properties, physical stability, rheological characteristics and changes during storage.

Based on near-neutral enteral nutritional preparations could better ensure human gastrointestinal tolerance, total nutrient formula emulsion foods with energy density of 2.0 kcal/mL in pH of 6.90, 7.00, 7.10, 7.20 and 7.30 were prepared respectively. The stability of emulsions were assessed in terms of such evaluation indexes as centrifugal sedimentation rate, particle size distribution, Zeta potential, turbiscan stability index(TSI), steady-shear rheological properties, chromaticity, sensory scores and electronic tongue information. Combined with short-term storage tests, the effects of pH on the stability of high-energy density total nutrient formula emulsion was studied.

The results showed that in the pH range of 6.90–7.30, the centrifugal sedimentation rate and average particle size of the emulsions decreased initially and then increased, reaching a minimum respectively at pH 7.10. All particle size distributions appeared as a unimodal curve accompanied by particle size ranged from 0.1 to 5.0 μm. The absolute values of Zeta potential were between 36-37 mV with no significant difference among emulsion samples (P>0.05). The TSI was minimum at pH 6.90 and gradually increased with the increase of pH.Apparent viscosity decreased with the increase of pH, showing a shear-thinning pseudoplastic flow behavior. The chromaticity results showed that both a^* and b^* increased gradually, while L^* and E^* decreased gradually. Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis showed that the emulsion at pH 7.10 had the highest score and the best taste. During the 28 day storage period, with the increase of storage time, the particle size distribution peak of all emulsions moved towards the larger particle size direction and double peaks appeared in the particle size distribution of the emulsions at pH 6.90 and pH 7.30. The microscopic morphology also indicated the large particle fragments increased gradually.

The stability of high-energy density total nutrient formula emulsion foods is significantly influenced by pH, emulsion at pH of 7.10 gets a small average particle size, low centrifugal sedimentation rate and TSI, as well as moderate viscosity, highest sensory score, little change in particle size distribution during short-term storage, making it a uniform system and keeping it good stability. This study provides a reference to improve the stability of high-energy density total nutrient formula emulsion foods.

To establish a method for the rapid detection of 3 kinds of common and highly toxic mycotoxins in agricultural products—aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), T-2 toxin and zearalenone (ZEA) by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA).

High-affinity monoclonal antibodies were used as recognition elements, based on the ic-ELISA principle, and key ic-ELISA parameters—including coating antigen type and concentration, antibody dilution ratio, antigen diluent composition and competition incubation time—were systematically optimized. Independent detection systems for AFB₁, T-2 toxin and ZEA were established and their performance was validated through spiked recovery experiments.

The complete antigens for the 3 kinds of mycotoxins were successfully conjugated. The titers of the corresponding monoclonal antibodies were 2.56×10⁴ for AFB₁, 8.19×10⁵ for T-2 toxin and 2.56×10⁴ for ZEA, with no cross-reactivity observed with other mycotoxins.The optimal detection conditions were as follows: For AFB₁—coating antigen AFB₁-bovine serum albumin(BSA) at 8 μg/mL, primary antibody dilution of 1:6400, antigen diluent comprising 0.010 mol/L phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 9.0) containing 10% methanol and 0.010% Tween-20 and a competition incubation time of 45 min;for T-2 toxin—coating antigen T-2-BSA at 8 μg/mL, primary antibody dilution of 1:25600, antigen diluent comprising 0.005 mol/L PBS (pH 7.4) containing 10% methanol and a competition incubation time of 30 min; for ZEA—coating antigen ZEA-ovalbumin (OVA) at 0.5 μg/mL, primary antibody dilution of 1:1600, antigen diluent comprising 0.010 mol/L PBS (pH 6.0) containing 10% methanol and a competition incubation time of 60 min. The method performance parameters were as follows: Limits of detection of 0.0273 ng/mL (AFB₁), 0.183 ng/mL (T-2 toxin)and 1.09 ng/mL (ZEA), with corresponding linear ranges of 0.047–0.588, 0.288–7.493 and 2.319–69.533 ng/mL. Spiked recoveries were 104.0%–110.0%, 107.3%–108.3% and 97.9%–112.3%, respectively and all coefficient of variations were below 15%.

The established ic-ELISA method demonstrates high sensitivity, good reproducibility and strong specificity, enabling the rapid screening of AFB₁, T-2 toxin and ZEA in grain samples. It provides reliable technical support for the monitoring and risk assessment of mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products.