Objective To develop a pre-cooked seasoned chicken product and optimize its formulation.. Methods Using chicken and cod as the main ingredients with corn starch, salt, eggs, carrots, corn, green beans and horseshoes as the auxiliary ingredients, the formulation of the processing process of the prefabricated nutritious chicken cod and vegetable patties was optimized through one-way and response surface tests with sensory evaluation and cooking loss rate as the evaluation indexes. Results The order of influence of each single factor was: Cod meat addition>salt addition>starch addition, and the optimal formula was 0.86% salt addition, 5.14% corn starch addition, and 20.91% cod meat addition, and at this time, the flavor, tissue state, texture, and color of the precooked chicken cod and vegetable patties reached a better effect. Conclusion In this study, a nutritionally balanced product with unique flavor and better organoleptic quality of pre-prepared chicken cod and vegetable patties is developed, which provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of pre-prepared seasoned meat products.

Objective To prepare Chuzhou chrysanthemum polysaccharide CCPS-3-1 gel and investigate its relevant properties. Methods Acidic polysaccharide CCPS-3-1 was isolated and purified from Chuzhou chrysanthemum and mixed with CaCl₂ solution to form a gel via ionic crosslinking. The gel's characteristics were comprehensively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Additionally, treatment with urea and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was employed to further elucidate its gel strength and gelling mechanism. Results CCPS-3-1 solution was relatively stable within a pH range of 6.0-8.0. Upon induction by CaCl₂, the CCPS-3-1 gel exhibited good transparency, moderate hardness, and high stability. The gel network had a dense, smooth, and uniform structure. Moreover, the thermal stability and crystalline structure were enhanced. Rheological experiments revealed that as the CaCl₂ concentration increased, the apparent viscosity and storage modulus of the CCPS-3-1 gel also increased. In addition, the loss tangent (Tanδ) decreased with increasing CaCl₂ concentration, indicating the formation of weak gels at all tested concentrations. Furthermore, electrostatic interactions played a crucial role in the formation of the gel network structure. Conclusion The Chuzhou chrysanthemum polysaccharide CCPS-3-1, isolated and purified in this study, forms a gel upon CaCl₂ induction. Its gelling mechanism likely involves the synergistic effects of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and Ca²⁺ crosslinking. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the application of CCPS-3-1 gel in food, pharmaceutical, and other fields.

Objective To explore a method that can monitor the immunoaffinity column capacity of zearalenone (ZEN) in real time during detection. Methods The 2 kinds of artificial structural analogues of ZEN (α-ZEL-G and β-ZEL-G) were synthesized by esterification of α-zearalanol (α-ZEL) and β-zearalanol (β-ZEL) with glutaric anhydride in this study. The products were purified and identified by fluorescence, ultraviolet and high-resolution mass spectrometry. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) curve was established using the same antibody with immunoaffinity columns, and their affinity with the antibody was compared by half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀). α-ZEL-G and β-ZEL-G were used as column capacity tracers and added to the immunoaffinity column together with different concentrations of ZEN to explore a method for real-time monitoring of immunoaffinity column capacity. Results The IC₅₀ of the competitive ELISA curves of ZEN, α-ZEL-G and β-ZEL-G were 2.0, 1.3 and 10.0 ng/mL, respectively, indicating that the affinity of α-ZEL-G with antibody was slightly higher than that of ZEN, while the affinity of β-ZEL-G with antibody was significantly lower than that of ZEN with antibody. The experimental results showed that: α-ZEL-G in immunoaffinity columns with different column sizes would affect the recovery rates of ZEN. Whereas the recovery rates of ZEN with different concentration were more than 80% while the adding concentrations of β-ZEL-G was 50% of the column capacity. Conclusion β-ZEL-G with lower antibody affinity is more suitable for real-time monitoring of column volume. It shows good application results in the test of actual samples.

Objective To establish a method for determination of 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue in tablet candies and solid beverages by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods The sample was extracted by methanol ultrasound, the extract was centrifuged, filtered through a microporous membrane, and analyzed by the high performance liquid chromatography. The separation was performed on a Waters Xbridge C₁₈ column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution by using 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution and methanol as the mobile phase, and quantified by external standard method. Results The 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue demonstrated good linearity in the range of 0.5-100.0 μg/mL, with the correlation coefficient values (r²) being higher than 0.999. The limits of quantification were found to be 5 mg/kg. The recoveries at 3 spiked levels of 1, 2 and 10 times the limits of quantification in blank matrix were in the range of 87.32%-93.92%, with the relative standard deviations between 1.19%-4.08%. A total of 8 batches of positive samples were detected using this method, with a content range of 218-2170 mg/kg. Conclusion The method is convenient, accurate and efficient. It can meet the identification requirement of illegally added 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue in tablet candies and solid beverages, and provide effective technical support to combat the illegal addition of new carbadenafil analogue in food.

In recent years, the impact of the food supply chain on carbon emissions has become a topic of great concern. Therefore, under the national “dual carbon” and “healthy China” strategies, the emergence of plant-based foods, represented by plant-based meat products, can simultaneously meet the national demand for low-carbon transformation and the increasing consumer demand for high-protein food intake, while optimizing the dietary structure of residents and improving their nutritional and health levels. This article elaborated on the main processing technologies of plant-based meat products, introduced the research progress of 3 main nutritional components of protein, dietary fiber, and lipids in plant-based meat products, and provided a systematic review of the health functions of consuming plant-based meat products, such as improving cardiovascular diseases, preventing obesity, maintaining intestinal health, and enhancing physical exercise functions. The aim is to promote the green and sustainable development of the food industry through the production of low-carbon emission meat products, build a healthy dietary pattern, improve the health level of the people, and provide a certain theoretical basis for the further research and development of plant-based meat products.

Objective To establish an on-site rapid detection system for the risk of deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination based on multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) technology. Methods Highly homologous sequences of Tri toxin-producing gene clusters from the major DON-producing Fusarium species (including Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium asiaticum, Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium culmorum) in China were obtained through gene sequence query and comparison by the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) of the United States of America. By designing specific fluorescent probes and screening primers, a MIRA detection method for DON-producing Fusarium was established, and an on-site rapid detection system was constructed by combining the rapid paper-based DNA extraction technique. Results The limit of detection of this assay system was 1.95×10¹ copies/μL for plasmid templates and 15 fg/μL for genomic DNA. The results of 27 positive wheat samples at the filling stage (spike) showed a highly significant correlation with those of the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method (r=0.820, P=0.000). When the MIRA detection threshold line was set at the 43rd scan point (peak onset time of 7 min), the combined discrimination accuracy between high (DON>1000 μg/kg) and low (DON<1000 μg/kg) DON contamination risk for 89 wheat samples was 87.15%. Conclusion The detection system demonstrates speed, economy, practicality, and portability in terms of reagents and instrumentation, and is capable of effectively achieving the objective of rapid on-site detection. This will facilitate early warning of the risk of DON contamination in wheat production in the field, thereby guiding interventions to prevent or minimise losses.

Objective To explore the factors affecting the accuracy of sulfur dioxide detection in preserves and its quality control. Methods Adopt internal quality control measures such as blank experiments, negative matrix testing, negative matrix labeling, quality control sample testing, and personnel parallelism and external quality control to conduct sulfur dioxide testing on preserved fruits. Verifyed the experimental effect with Z value, in depth discussion and analysed of the problems encountered in the process of sulfur dioxide detection and their solutions. Propose technical points for controlling and eliminating experimental deviations. Results The laboratory had passed measurement review and proficiency testing by the series of quality control measures formulated. Conclusion GB 5009.34—2022 National standards for food safety-Determination of sulfur dioxide in food acid-base titration method for detecting sulfur dioxide in food is prone to result deviation. This study proposes the development of various quality control measures, problems encountered during the detection process and their solutions, technical points for controlling and eliminating experimental deviation, which can help improve the accuracy of sulfur dioxide detection, and provide experimental references for other testing institutions to carry out this project.

Objective To study and analyze the mycotoxins contamination status of Castanea mollissima in Huairou District during one year of cold storage. Methods Taking Castanea mollissima produced in Huairou District as the research object. Castanea mollissima samples of 5 varieties, including 3113, Huaijiu, Huaihuang, Yanhong, and Huahua were collected from the 4 highest yielding townships in Huairou District. They were stored in a cold storage for one year and sampled once a month. The content of 21 kinds of fungal toxins was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results During the storage period, a total of 11 fungal toxins were detected, including tentoxin, alternariol, tenuazonic acid, nivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin B₁, fumonisin B₂, fumonisin B₃, alternariolmethylether, ochratoxin A, and sterigmatocystin. The detection rate and value of Alternaria toxins were relatively high. According to the analysis of sampling locations, the number of fungal toxins detected in the 4 townships increased from 66 to 79, with no significant difference or clear pattern. Based on the analysis of storage time, the number of fungal toxins detected in chestnuts showed an overall upward trend with the extension of storage time. The detection rate of fungal toxins was relatively low in the 1 to 6 months of storage, with 4-5 cases detected each month. By the 7th month, the detection of fungal toxins increased to 12 cases, and from the 9th month onwards, all 17 samples were detected. Conclusion The Castanea mollissima shall be consumed and processed less than 6 months of storage after harvest according to the perspective of mycotoxins contamination. The overall detection rate of fungal toxins shows a monthly upward trend. There is no regularity in the detection of fungal toxins in different chestnut planting areas and varieties, and there is co-contamination in Castanea mollissima samples during storage. Further analysis and research on the pollution risk of Alternaria toxins in chestnuts is needed.

Anthocyanidins are important secondary metabolites in tea plant with significant health benefits, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as prevention of cardiovascular diseases. They play a key role in the coloration of purple tea leaves, and their biosynthesis is regulated by both endogenous and exogenous factors. This paper systematically reviewed the metabolic regulation mechanism of anthocyanin in tea plant, with emphasis on discussing different varieties and characteristics of purple tea, biosynthesis pathways, regulatory networks, the influence of external environments, degradation mechanisms, and prospected the future research direction, so as to better analyze the molecular regulation mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in tea leaves, accurately regulate leaf color in tea plant artificially, and provide reference value for cultivating anthocyanin-rich tea plant varieties.

Objective To detect aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in peanut oil by laser induced fluorescence and explore the effects of temperature on the detection results. Methods The spectral information of AFB₁ contaminated peanut oil at temperatures of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ℃ was collected, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was established for qualitative analysis, and partial least squares regression model was established for quantitative analysis. Results The accuracy of the single-temperature LDA detection model in predicting samples at this single temperature exceeded 84%. The global LDA model was lower prediction accuracy than the single-temperature LDA model. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) model could not achieve quantitative prediction at either single temperature or mixed temperature. The PLSR quantitative model developed for single-variety peanut oil demonstrated optimal stability at 20 °C, yielding the most accurate sample predictions. Conclusion This study proposes that a global model can be established during qualitative discriminant analysis to adapt to the impact of temperature on the detection process. In quantitative analysis, the single temperature model can achieve more accurate predictions than the global model.