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Caffeine is an important functional active substance in tea. The caffeine content in different types of tea varies, which is related to the tea raw materials and different processing techniques. Separating and extracting caffeine from tea leaves can not only obtain tea with low caffeine content, but also meet a wider range of tea drinking needs. On the other hand, it is to obtain high-purity caffeine for use in fields such as medicine and food. The extraction and separation of tea caffeine involves various new extraction methods, including chemical, physical, biological, and others. The key to efficient, high-purity separation and protection of other active substances in tea is the extraction and separation technology. Caffeine also plays an important role in the basic quality, flavor, sensory perception, and activity of tea. Different amounts of caffeine can have an impact on various systems in the human body, and moderate intake can bring beneficial effects. Its functions and applications in antibacterial, catalytic, plant biostimulant, and food packaging materials are also very extensive. This article summarized the synthesis, metabolism, content, and influencing factors of caffeine in tea, summarized the extraction and separation techniques of caffeine in recent years, and evaluated the efficiency and applicability of various methods. In addition, to explore the influence of caffeine on tea quality and its various functional activities and applications, in order to break through some drinking restrictions of tea and better develop and utilize caffeine in tea.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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