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Objective To investigate and analyze the contamination of 8 kinds of mycotoxins in commercial popcorn from Hunan Province of China in 2024, and assess the associated health risks. Methods A total of 67 popcorn samples were collected from 14 cities and states in 2024 from Hunan Provinces of China, the content of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, fumonisins B1, B2, B3, and zearalenone (ZEN) was determined by isotope dilution ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the risk assessment was evaluated by the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, risk assessment of chronic dietary exposure and carcinogenic risk assessment. Results In the 67 tested popcorn samples, the detection rate of fumonisins B1 was 46.27%, with a maximum value of 285.0 μg/kg, fumonisins B2 was detected in 5 samples, with a maximum value of 80.0 μg/kg, ZEN was detected in 10 samples, with a maximum value of 47.7 μg/kg, and no detection of 4 kinds of aflatoxin and fumonisins B3 were found. The detection rate of fumonisins B1 in loose packaging samples was slightly higher than that in packaged products, but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05); the level of fungal toxin contamination in popcorn across the 14 prefecture-level cities in the province posed no obvious risk to human health. Conclusion Mycotoxin contamination is common in the popcorn sold in Hunan Province, and fumonitoxin B1 is the main pollution toxin, and there is a co-pollution phenomenon with fumonitoxin B2 or ZEN. In view of fumonitoxin pollution, it is recommended to pay close attention to the problem, timely traceability investigation, and take corresponding measures.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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