To determine the contamination levels and characteristics of organic ultraviolet absorbents(OUVs) in aquatic products in Weihai, and assess the dietary exposure risks.

This study examined farmed and wild-caught seafood products purchased in Weihai City and collected from its nearshore waters. A gel permeation chromatography (GPC) purification combined with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the residual levels of 19 kinds of organic ultraviolet absorbents (OUVs) in the samples. Furthermore, the hazard index model was applied to conduct a dietary exposure assessment of OUVs in marine products.

The results showed that 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone (UV-531), octyl methoxycinnamate(EHMC) and homosalate (HMS) were the predominant OUV contaminants in marine products from this region. The total residual levels of OUVs in 4 kinds of categories of marine products decreased in the order of: shellfish[(35.21±16.48) ng/g dry weight] > crabs [(26.4±15.98) ng/g dry weight] > marine fish [(14.65±7.38) ng/g dry weight] >cultured fish [(12.37±6.84) ng/g dry weight]. The results of exposure and health risk assessment showed that the total average and maximum daily exposure doses of OUVs via the 4 kinds of categories of marine products for the general Chinese population were 11.57 ng/kg bw/day and 25.88 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, both of which were much lower than the estimated reference values. The hazard quotients of individual OUVs and the cumulative total hazard quotient for seafood from this sea area were both less than 1.

At the current pollution level, the health risk associated with dietary exposure to OUVs via consumption of marine products from this region is acceptable.

To systematically evaluate the applicability of adenosine triphosphate fluorescence method in the commercial aseptic rapid detection of dairy products.

The detection ability of 35 kinds of representative microorganisms was tested by the inclusion experiment using the adenosine triphosphate fluorescence method. The anti-interference performance of adenosine triphosphate fluorescence method in 70 dairy product matrices of 7 types was evaluated through exclusive experiments. Through artificial contamination experiments, using the plate streptography method and GB 4789.26—2023 National food safety standard-Microbiological testing of food-Commercial sterility testing as reference methods, the detection sensitivity of 7 kinds of representative contamination bacteria in 7 types of dairy products was systematically compared. The 2 laboratories were arranged to perform inter-laboratory comparison tests for evaluating the reproducibility of the established method.

The inclusive experiment and exclusive experiment results of the adenosine triphosphate fluorescence method were both 100%. In the sensitivity test, the limit of detection at 50% positive rate (LOD₅₀) of the developed method for Lactobacillus plantarum was 0.32 CFU/ sample, slightly superior to the streak plate method (0.37 CFU per sample) and the national standard GB 4789.26—2023 (0.37 CFU per sample). The LOD₅₀ values for the other 6 kinds of target bacterial strains were basically consistent with those of the reference methods, with the relative limit of detection(RLOD) approaching 1. Interlaboratory comparison results verified favorable reproducibility of this method, as the RLOD for most strains were close to 1. This method could achieve early detection of Aspergillus niger, Enterococcus faecalis and other microorganisms following 3 days of incubation. In comparison with GB 4789.26—2023, which required a detection period of 7–10 days, the assay duration was reduced by 4–7 days.

The adenosine triphosphate fluorescence method features rapid detection speed, simple operation, as well as good inclusivity and specificity. Its sensitivity is comparable to that of traditional methods, making it suitable for the rapid screening and process monitoring of commercial sterility in dairy products. This study provides experimental evidence for shortening the detection cycle of commercial sterility in dairy products and promoting the application of rapid detection technologies. Meanwhile, it constructs a reusable methodological validation framework, providing a reference for the validation of other rapid detection technologies in food matrices, and offers experimental evidence for the “primary screening-rechecking” process in practice.

To clarify the meat type dependent distribution pattern of mobile genetic elements (MGEss)in sauced meat products.

A total of 20 samples from 5 brands were collected, including 5 samples each of beef, pork, chicken and duck. Metagenomic sequencing was performed, and the mobileOG database was employed to analyze MGEs composition, host sources and associated antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors.

A total of 2180 non-redundant MGEs genes were annotated. Braised pork exhibited the highest MGEs richness (1789 genes, of which 960 were pork-specific), while duck showed the lowest. Across the 4 groups, 1557 cross-group shared genes and 94 core MGEs genes were identified. Functionally, “replication/recombination/repair” genes predominated(40.6%). Pork showed significant enrichment in “integration/excision” (62.6%) and “transfer” (52.3%) functions. The expression levels of conjugative transfer (Tra) family genes, integrases and transposases in pork were 3.9–31.8-fold higher than those in other meat types, indicating the strongest MGEs-mediated genomic rearrangement and horizontal transfer activity in pork matrices. Toxin-antitoxin systems exhibited marked meat-type selectivity, with the Ccd system detected exclusively in chicken and pork. Microbial source tracking revealed that Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Citrobacter were the core bacterial taxa driving MGEs diversity. Co-occurrence clusters of conjugative transfer-related MGEss were identified in pork sample P004, while Lactobacillus-associated MGEs co-occurrence clusters were found in P002, suggesting potential risks of antimicrobial resistance gene horizontal transfer and starter culture contamination during fermentation processing.

The distribution of MGEs in sauced meat products exhibits significant meat-type dependency, with the highest horizontal gene transfer activity observed in the pork matrix and Enterococcus spp. identified as the core driving microbiota; fermentation processes may introduce lactic acid bacteria-associated MGEs, thereby increasing the risk of antimicrobial resistance gene transfer.

To establish a method for the simultaneous detection of 12 kinds of animal-derived ingredients in food, including Sus scrofa, Bos taurus, Bubalus bubalis, Bos grunniens, Capra hircus, Ovis aries, Gallus gallus, Anas platyrhynchos, Anser cygnoides, Equus asinus, Equus caballus, Oryctolagus cuniculus by high-throughput quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and develop corresponding reference materials.

Primers, probes and reaction system were designed based on specific target genes of each animal-derived ingredient. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were evaluated. Concurrently, corresponding reference materials were developed.

A qPCR system for the simultaneous detection of 12 kinds of animal-derived ingredients was successfully established. The sensitivity for each ingredient was 0.01 ng/μL, and no amplification was observed in non-target species,demonstrating good specificity. The limit of detection of this method for different animal-derived components in fresh meat was 0.1%. The developed reference materials exhibited good homogeneity and stability, with the assigned value being positive for the corresponding animal-derived ingredients. The shelf life under frozen conditions at –18 °C is up to 36 months.

The established method exhibits good specificity and high sensitivity, effectively improving detection efficiency and reducing costs. The prepared reference materials meet the requirements for reference materials and can be used for intended purposes such as quality assurance throughout the detection process.

To meet the practical industrial demand for real-time, batch detection of freshness in white feather broiler meat, this study explores a multidimensional rapid method for assessing meat freshness and validates its validity.

This study focuses on the breast meat of white-feathered broilers, with freshness assessment as its central theme. Under refrigerated storage at 4 ℃, a gradient of storage durations from 0 to 144 hours was established.The pH and moisture content values obtained via rapid detection methods were validated in accordance with GB 5009.237—2016 National food safety standard-Determination of pH in foods and GB 5009.3—2016 National food safety standard-Determination of moisture in foods, respectively, to analyze their variation patterns as freshness deteriorates. Concurrently, hyperspectral imaging technology was employed to collect spectral data of the samples.Spectral preprocessing was conducted using Savitzky-Golay (S-G) smoothing combined with first-derivative transformation to extract characteristic wavelengths related to physicochemical indices. Subsequently, a freshness discriminant model for chicken breast meat was constructed based on the partial least squares regression (PLSR)algorithm.

The results of the rapid determination method showed no significant difference from those determined by GB 5009.237—2016 and GB 5009.3—2016 for pH and moisture content (P>0.05). Among them, the P values of pH and moisture content were 0.8141 and 0.2586 respectively. At the same time, the model constructed based on PLSR had good predictive performance for various physicochemical indicators, with the correlation coefficient (R²p)of the prediction set ranging from 0.74 to 0.87, and the predicted root mean square error (RMSEP) ranging from 0.12 to 1.80.

Spectral pre-processing can effectively reduce instrument noise and external interference and highlight characteristic absorption peaks. There is a significant difference in the characteristic wavelength spectral responses between fresh meat and spoiled meat. The constructed PLSR model can achieve accurate discrimination between fresh meat and spoiled meat. The multi-index collaborative detection system established in this study provides effective and reliable technical support for the monitoring of chicken breast meat quality and safety, and enriches the theoretical and practical research on non-destructive detection of chicken freshness.

To compare the foreleg meat quality between Gannan Juema pigs and Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire pigs.

The edible qualities, nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity of the foreleg meat from 8 to 10 month-old of Gannan Juema pigs and Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire pigs were analyzed.

The a^*, shear force, hardness, cohesiveness, protein content, content of histidine, arginine, alanine, proline, valine,linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosenoic acid, docosenoic acid, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, iron element,copper element and zinc element content were significantly higher compared with Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire pork(P<0.05). Conversely, L^*, b^*, fat content, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, methionine, leucine and lysine were significantly lower in Gannan Juema pork (P<0.05). Compared with Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire pork, Gannan Juema pork exhibited superior color characteristics, compact and tough texture, along with high-protein and low-fat nutritional profiles. Its amino acid composition was closer to the ideal protein pattern recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization. Moreover, Gannan Juema pork contained lower saturated fatty acids, higher polyunsaturated fatty acids, abundant mineral elements and high antioxidant enzyme activity.

Gannan Juema pork has excellent edible quality, nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity,which meets consumers’ demand for healthy and high-quality meat products and has good market development prospects and promotion value.

To investigate the residues of 6 kinds of quinolone antibiotics in freshwater fish and shrimp sold in Suzhou Area and assess the dietary exposure risk.

A total of 97 freshwater fish and shrimp samples were randomly collected from the Suzhou market in 2025. The residue levels of 6 kinds of quinolone antibiotics were determined by solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The exposure risk of quinolone antibiotics in freshwater fish and shrimp was evaluated by the index of food safety.

The overall detection rate of quinolone antibiotics in the 97 samples was 54.6%(53/97), and the exceedance rate was 2.06% (2/97). Enrofloxacin had the highest detection rate at 54.6% (53/97),followed by ciprofloxacin with the exceedance rate of 14.4% (14/97). The content range of enrofloxacin was 0.5-175.8 μg/kg, and that of ciprofloxacin was 0.4–48.0 μg/kg. Ofloxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin and lomefloxacin were not detected in any of the samples. The index of food safety for quinolone antibiotics ranged from 0.0023 to 0.0038, which was far below 1.

In this study, the quinolone antibiotics detected in freshwater fish and shrimp sold in Suzhou Area were mainly enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The health risk posed by the 6 kinds of quinolone antibiotics to humans is at a safe level. However, the exposure risk for children and the elderly is higher than that for adults, indicating that enhanced supervision is needed. This study also provides a data reference for aquatic product quality assessment and the revision of food safety standards.

To construct a standard fingerprint of monosaccharides in edible bird’s nest by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and identify the adulteration of edible bird’s nest.

Taking edible bird’s nest as the research object, 34 batches of monosaccharides in edible bird’s nest from different suppliers were analyzed by GC-MS. And a standard fingerprint of monosaccharides in edible bird’s nest was established using the“similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprint”. The fingerprint was used to identify adulteration models of tremella fuciformis polysaccharide, yellow gelatin, pectin, gellan gum, carrageenan and agar with adulteration amounts of 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, respectively.

Edible bird’s nest contains 5 kinds of monosaccharide components: fucose, mannose, galactose, acetylglucosamine and acetylgalactosamine, with an average relative mass ratio of 1:1.5:8.4:6.6:4.1, and the total sugar content ranging from 18.75 g/100 g to 23.92 g/100 g, through similarity evaluation, the similarity of 34 batches of edible bird’s nests was more than 99.5%, meeting the requirements of fingerprint similarity evaluation. Taking a similarity of 99.8% as the identification standard for edible bird’s nests, when the adulteration level ranges from 1% to 50%, the fingerprint adulteration model could effectively predict the adulteration level and achieve adulteration identification.

This study analyzes the monosaccharide composition of edible bird’s nest and established a GC-MS-based standard monosaccharide fingerprint and adulteration model. This approach enables effective identification of common adulterants and quantification of adulteration ratios, offering data and technical support for market supervision.

To optimize the preparation process of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen peptide-zinc chelate(ZSSP-Zn) and characterize its structure.

This study optimized the preparation of ZSSP-Zn used a combination of single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. The structures and compositions of ZSSP-Zn were characterized using ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, amino acid analysis, scanning electron microscopy and size distribution. The stability of the ZSSP-Zn was investigated through in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion.

The optimal chelation conditions for ZSSP-Zn included peptide-to-zinc ratio of 3:1 (m:m), pH 6, chelation time of 2 h and a chelation temperature of 60 ℃. Under these conditions, the chelation rate was (41.97±0.82)%. After chelation, the ultraviolet absorption peak shifts to the blue.Amino nitrogen atoms, carboxyl oxygen atoms, carbonyl oxygen atoms and hydroxyl oxygen atoms served as key binding sites for zinc ions. Chelation led to formation of loose granular structures with reduced particle size. The in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion analysis indicated that the ZSSP-Zn chelate exhibited good stability.

The optimized ZSSP-Zn preparation process in this study is stable and reliable, with a more uniform particle size distribution of the chelate complex. These results provide technical references for the development of traditional Chinese medicine-based zinc supplements.

To analyze the amino acid composition of 12 kinds of dishes from Hunan Province and evaluate their nutritional value.

Following the National Food Composition Monitoring Work Plan, 12 kinds of representative local dishes were collected from Hunan Province. Protein content was determined using a Kjeltee 2300 automatic nitrogen determinator kjeldahl apparatus, while amino acid composition and content were analyzed using a membra Pure GmbH A300 automatic amino acid analyzer. The nutritional value of the dishes was comprehensively evaluated using the amino acid score, chemical score and amino acid ratio coefficient score.

Among the 12 kinds of dishes, Wugang braised tofu had the highest protein content (27.99 g/100 g), while Xinhua sanhe soup had the lowest (6.04 g/100 g). The highest total amino acid content was also found in Wugang braised tofu (23.34 g/100 g), and the lowest in Xinhua sanhe soup (3.18 g/100 g). The 17 kinds of amino acids were detected in steamed smoked fish,stir-fried pepper with oil residue, Wugang braised tofu and braised giant salamander (farmed), while methionine was not detected in the remaining dishes. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid were generally abundant, serving as the primary umami amino acids. Among the essential amino acids, leucine and lysine were relatively abundant. Lysine content was notably high in most dishes, exceeding the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization reference pattern (55 mg/g protein) and the ovalbumin pattern (55 mg/g protein) in 8 kinds of dishes, with the exceptions being sausage (39.00 mg/g protein), bee pupae (42.98 mg/g protein), baogusuan (34.59 mg/g protein) and Wugang braised tofu(50.73 mg/g protein). Nutritional evaluation identified methionine, isoleucine, valine, threonine and phenylalanine+tyrosine as limiting amino acids. The standard reference coefficient for amino acid values ranged from 58.04 to 81.90 for most dishes, except for sausage (40.46) and baogusuan (43.32), indicating a relatively balanced amino acid composition and high nutritional value for these foods.

The 12 kinds of local specialty dishes from Hunan are rich in protein, with generally high lysine content and favorable nutritional value. It is recommended to combine these dishes with foods rich in methionine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, phenylalanine and tyrosine to enhance overall protein utilization in the diet.

To systematically analyse the 11 categories of nutritional and functional components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides in Morinda citrifolia L. residue.

Based on national and industry standard methods, the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides (including monosaccharide composition), proteins/peptides, saponins, dietary fiber and volatile compounds were analyzed.

Morinda citrifolia L. residue contained 57.88 mg/g total flavonoids, 4.57 mg/g total polyphenols, 37.65 mg/g total polysaccharides, 8.16% crude protein, and 19.9 mg/g total saponins. Rutin (28.86 mg/g) was the predominant flavonoid. Acid-hydrolyzed protein was rich in aspartic acid (7.99 mg/g), glutamic acid (6.88 mg/g) and cysteine(7.66 mg/g). Essential amino acids accounted for 33.8% of total amino acids, close to the World Health Organization(WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recommended value of 36%. The polysaccharides consisted of mannose (33.49%), glucuronic acid (2.56%), galacturonic acid (27.00%), glucose(24.89%), galactose (8.77%) and arabinose (3.29%). Dietary fiber included cellulose (32.10%), hemicellulose(13.27%) and lignin (20.27%). The major volatile compound was 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (64.32%), along with octanoic acid (1.67%) and squalene (11.47%).

This study systematically analyzes the main functional components of Morinda citrifolia L. residue, providing data and practical basis for its further high-value utilization and development.

To establish a method for determination of the residual levels of 2 kinds of ultraviolet absorbers in new food contact materials.

The sample was firsty frozen and crushed, and then extracted under ultrasonic extraction at room temperature for 60 min, by using dichloromethane as the extraction solvent. After being extracted twice repeatedly, the sample was analyzed with gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry.By setting the programmed heating conditions, the analysis was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)mode, and quantified by using internal standard method.

The working curves of these 2 kinds of ultraviolet absorbers drometrizole (UV-P) and bumetrizole (UV-326) showed a good linear relationship (r² greater than 0.99), with a limit of detection as low as 0.03 mg/kg. The recovery rate addition experiment showed that the recovery rates ranged from 89.2% to 102.1%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 1.9% and 5.6%.

This method shows a low limit of detection and high accuracy, which can meet the detection requirements for UV-P and UV-326 residues in plant fibers/polypropylene materials. This method can provide technical support for the risk control of food packaging which is composed of biodegradable plant fiber/polypropylene materials. The residual results indicate that the detection rates of these 2 kinds of ultraviolet absorbers in plant fiber/polypropylene materials are relatively high, and further attention should be paid to their migration risks.

To establish a method for the determination of pentachloroanisole in wooden food contact materials by QuEChERS-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The prepared samples were added with pure water and zirconia beads, followed by ultrasonic extraction. Acetonitrile and a salt package(magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride) were sequentially added, and the mixture was shaken and centrifuged. The upper extract was purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction, concentrated to near dryness under nitrogen flow, redissolved by shaking with n-hexane, and filtered through a 0.22 μm microporous membrane. Separation was performed on a DB-5MS quartz capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm), and detection was carried out using an electron ionization source in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Quantification was achieved by the external standard method.

Pentachloroanisole showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.2–10.0 μg/L (r²=0.999). The limit of quantitation was 0.5 μg/kg, and the limit of detection was 0.2 μg/kg. Wooden samples were spiked with pentachloroanisole at 3 concentration levels, with 6 replicates at each level. The recoveries ranged from 85.3% to 97.4%, and the relative standard deviations were 3.0%–3.6%.

The method is simple to operate, with high sensitivity, specificity and precision, and is suitable for the determination of pentachloroanisole in wooden food contact materials.

To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 6 kinds of pesticide residues in Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. by QuEChERS-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The pulverized Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. samples were homogeneously extracted with ethyl acetate-acetonitrile solution (1:99, V:V). Magnesium sulfate anhydrous, primary secondary amine and octadecylsilane bonded silica gel sorbents were used for purification. The 6 kinds of pesticide residues in Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry under positive electrospray ionization mode, and quantified via matrix-matched external standard method.

The 6 kinds of pesticides exhibited good linear relationships within the mass concentration range of 2–100 ng/mL,with all coefficients of determination greater than 0.995. The limits of detection were 0.07–0.46 μg/kg, and the limits of quantitation were 0.14–0.91 μg/kg. At 3 spiked concentration levels, the overall average recoveries of the 6 kinds of pesticides ranged from 90.4% to 100.7%, and the relative standard deviations (n=6) were 0.8%–2.3% (all less than 15%).

This method is rapid, efficient, accurate with favorable precision and sensitivity. It can meet the requirements for quantitative analysis of the 6 kinds of pesticide residues in Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.,and provides fundamental technical support for monitoring the edible quality safety and medicinal quality consistency of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.

To establish a method for the simultaneous deterction of chlorate and perchlorate in liquid milk by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Using liquid milk as the base, the contamination levels of chlorate and perchlorate were determined by LC-MS/MS. The instrument conditions, sample extraction and sample purification were tested and optimized, and the methodology of the optimized method was investigated.

The optimized detection method employed an ACQUITY UPLC®HSS T₃ chromatographic column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 µm), with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution, at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min and an injection volume of 5 µL. The extract from the sample was 2.0 mL of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and 8.0 mL of acetonitrile. The solid-phase extraction column was used the SelectCore HLB-V high chlorate-specific column (150 mg/3 mL). The internal standard method was used for quantitative detection of chlorate and perchlorate in liquid milk. The linear relationship of chlorate and perchlorate in their respective linear ranges was good. The determination coefficient of chlorate was 0.9995, and that of perchloric acid salt was 0.9998. The limit of detection chlorate was 2.4 µg/kg and that of perchlorate was 0.8 µg/kg. The recovery rate of actual sample detection with spiked samples was between 81.9% and 105.4%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than to 10%, meeting the requirements for quantitative detection.

This method has the characteristics of simple operation, high sensitivity, accurate quantification and good repeatability. It is suitable for the simultaneous detection of chlorate and perchlorate in complex liquid milk matrices.

To test 31 kinds of inorganic elements in fresh, traditionally dried and vacuum-sealed dried Lycium barbarum from 4 major producing regions (Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu and Xinjiang) in China, analyze and compare the content variations across different geographical origins and processing techniques.

Microwave digestion coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was employed to determine the concentrations of 31 kinds of inorganic elements in Lycium barbarum. WPS 12.1.0.26375 was used to organize data, and one-way analysis of variance was performed using R software to analyze the differences in inorganic elements among Lycium barbarum from different regions and processing methods.

The elements with the highest content in Lycium barbarum,ranked in descending order, were K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Al, Zn, B, Cu, Mn, Sr and Rb. For the 12 kinds of aforementioned elements in fresh Lycium barbarum from the 4 regions, all except Rb showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05), while Rb exhibited no significant variation (P>0.05). In Ningxia samples, the content of Na, Fe, and Al in traditionally dried Lycium barbarum were 5.2–6.4 times those in fresh ones, whereas in vacuum-sealed dried Lycium barbarum these elements were 1.8–2.8 times higher than in fresh ones.

The microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method is accurate and reliable, enabling simultaneous analysis of macroelements,microelements and trace elements in Lycium barbarum, and is suitable for high-throughput analysis of inorganic elements in Lycium barbarum across multiple scenarios. The traditional drying process leads to abnormal enrichment of Na and Al in Lycium barbarum, which can be mitigated by the vacuum-sealed drying process. Special attention should be paid to health education on Lycium barbarum consumption for vulnerable populations such as the elderly.

To establish a method for preparing high-purity chiral monomers of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and systematically study the stability characteristics of 3-MCPDE enantiomers in organic solvents.

Using preparative high performance liquid chromatography with a ChiralCore Amy-Z chiral column (10 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) as the separation column and ethanol as the mobile phase for isocratic elution, the preparative separation of 3-MCPDE enantiomers was achieved. The stability of 3-MCPDE enantiomers stored for 42 d in 5 kinds of solvents (isopropanol, methanol, acetonitrile, n-hexane and ethanol) under different temperatures (4 °C and 25 °C) and light conditions was evaluated using ultra performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPC²-MS/MS). Degradation rates and enantiomer fraction values were calculated from degradation kinetic curves to analyze the influence patterns of temperature and light.

Successfully prepared chiral monomer 3-MCPDE with a purity of 95% or higher. Stability studies showed that 3-MCPDE underwent significant degradation in all solvents, with degradation rates in the order:ethanol>n-hexane>isopropanol>acetonitrile>methanol. The degradation process exhibited a typical biphasic pattern,consisting of a rapid degradation phase within 0–24 h followed by a slower attenuation phase. Temperature was a key environmental factor affecting the degradation rate, with generally higher degradation at 25 °C than at 4 °C. Light exposure showed a more pronounced promoting effect in polar solvents like methanol and ethanol. Under all experimental conditions, the degradation behaviors of the 2 enantiomers were highly consistent, with the enantiomer fraction value consistently remaining at 0.50, indicating no stereoselective phenomenon was observed.

This study reveals the non-stereoselective degradation pattern of 3-MCPDE enantiomers in different solvents,establishes an efficient method for the preparation of chiral monomers, and recommends storing the standards in methanol at 4 °C in the dark. These findings provide methodological support for enantiomer-level safety assessment and are of great significance for in-depth elucidation of the toxicological mechanisms of 3-MCPDE chiral monomers.

To explore the variation patterns of rheological properties and microstructure of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. flour and Triticum aestivum L. flour mixed flour dough with different Chenopodium quinoa Willd. flour substitution ratios.

By measuring the thermomechanical properties, gelatinization characteristics, tensile properties, microstructure and dynamic rheological properties of mixed flour dough, the variation patterns were analyzed.

The formation time and stability time of the mixed flour dough increased first and then decreased with the increase of the amount of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. flour, the maximum value was reached when the addition of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. flour was 20%; the breakdown decreased first and then increased, the resistance to extension, extensibility and setback value of the mixed flour dough showed a tendency to decrease. The weakening degree of the mixed flour dough showed a maximum value, the gluten network structure was destroyed seriously, and the Triticum aestivum L. starch granules fell off obviously with 30% of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. flour proportion. Storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′) were positively correlated with the addition of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. flour; during the creep and recovery stages, the strain and recovery of the mixed flour dough were negatively correlated with the addition of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. flour.

The thermomechanical properties, gelatinization characteristics and rheological properties of the mixed flour dough are better, and the gluten network structure is relatively complete when the addition of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.flour is between 10% and 20%. The research conclusion can provide guidance for the application of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. flour in staple dough and theoretical basis for the development of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.-Triticum aestivum L. mixed flour products.

To study the quality characteristics of 4 kinds of typical fresh Zea mays L. varieties in Beijing-Zhangjiakou Region.

This study systematically compared the differences among 4 typical fresh Zea mays L. varieties grown in Beijing-Zhangjiakou Region, including 2 sweet-waxy varieties (336# and 368#), one sweet Zea mays L. variety (Meizhen 209) and one waxy Zea mays L. variety (Wannuo 2000). Through measurements of ear length, ear weight, moisture content, protein, crude fiber, soluble solids, total sugar, sucrose, reducing sugar and folic acid, combined with non-targeted metabolomic analysis using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, the quality attributes of each variety were comprehensively evaluated.

The results showed that Wannuo 2000 had the highest single-ear weight and the lowest moisture content, while Meizhen 209 exhibited significantly higher soluble solids, total sugar and sucrose content than the other varieties, indicated prominent sweetness. The 336# demonstrated a significant advantage in folic acid content, reached 141 μg/100 g, along with higher reducing sugar levels. Metabolomic analysed further revealed significant difference in metabolite composition among the varieties, with sweet-waxy varieties showed similar metabolic profiles, whereas sweet Zea mays L. and waxy Zea mays L. each possessed distinct metabolic characteristics.

This study clarifies the quality differences among the 4 kinds of fresh Zea mays L.varieties under the current experimental conditions, providing a scientific basis for consumer choice, variety breeding and nutrition-oriented product development.

To enhance the utilization efficiency of the residual fruit residues after the fermentation of Actinidia chinensis residue, develop a new types of solid-state fermented liquors, and analyze the characteristics and differences of its volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Using sorghum and Actinidia chinensis residue as raw materials, a new types of liquor was brewed by mixed fermentation based on the brewing process of Xiaoqu light-aroma type Baijiu. The VOCs characteristics and differences of mixed fermentation liquor fermented from Actinidia chinensis residue were analyzed via sensory evaluation, electronic nose, gas chromatography with flame ionization detector, and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The mixed fermentation liquor fermented from Actinidia chinensis residue had the sensory flavor of traditional Xiaoqu light-aroma type Baijiu and a pleasant aroma of Actinidia chinensis. Additionally, the total acid content of mixed fermentation liquor fermented from Actinidia chinensis residue was similar to that of traditional Xiaoqu light-aroma type Baijiu, and a total of 102 kinds of VOCs were detected in mixed fermentation liquor fermented from Actinidia chinensis residue. The variable importance in projection (VIP) values of the partial least squares discrimination analysis model were used to screen out 27 kinds of key differentiating compounds (VIP>1), including hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, dodecanoic acid ethyl ester,acetic acid and decanoic acid ethyl ester, etc.

This study analyzes the characteristics and differences of VOCs in mixed fermentation liquor fermented from Actinidia chinensis residue, and provides a reference for the development of new liquor products and the comprehensive utilization of fruit residues.

To develop a novel composite gel packaging film capable of food preservation and visual freshness monitoring.

Ferulic acid was covalently grafted onto the backbone of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) using the carbodiimide method to synthesize a carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-ferulic acid copolymer(CMCS-g-FA). Gelatin and agar were used as the film-forming matrix, and CMCS-g-FA together with anthocyanins was incorporated into the matrix at temperatures below 40 ℃. Finally, the composite film was prepared by the solution casting method. The chemical structure of the films was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and their mechanical properties were determined using a texture analyzer. Furthermore, its application efficacy in chicken preservation was evaluated by measuring total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), total viable count, pH , drip loss and conducting sensory evaluation.

FTIR analysis indicated the successful grafting of CMCS with ferulic acid, and CMCS-g-FA together with anthocyanins could form a stable composite film structure with the gelatin/agar matrix. The composite film incorporated with CMCS-g-FA and anthocyanins exhibited optimal comprehensive properties. Specifically, its tensile strength significantly increased to 10.410 MPa, the elongation at break was 35.367%,and the moisture content and water solubility were 13.21% and 39.67%, respectively. Moreover, this film effectively inhibited microbial growth and TVB-N accumulation in chicken meat. With prolonged storage time, the TVB-N value of the treated chicken increased from the initial 4.3 mg/100 g to 23.36 mg/100 g on the 6th day, which was 18.83 mg/100 g lower than that of the blank control group without preservation measures. Additionally, the pH also showed corresponding changes, reflecting the various stages of chicken meat from freshness to spoilage.

This study successfully develops an intelligent packaging film with enhanced mechanical properties and preservation functions. The film can not only visually monitor the freshness of poultry meat products but also effectively extend their shelf life, providing a novel approach for the development of composite gel-type packaging materials.

To conduct bi-objective optimization for the sensory properties and chlorogenic acid content of Lonicera japonica and Siraitia grosvenorii tea, determine the optimal processing parameters.

Single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface design were firstly applied to explore the extraction process of Lonicera japonica. On this basis, response surface methodology combined with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm was adopted to perform the bi-objective optimization of Lonicera japonica and Siraitia grosvenorii tea in terms of sensory quality and chlorogenic acid content. The 2 prediction models (Y₁ and Y₂)were established correspondingly. Furthermore, the chlorogenic acid content, total phenolic content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate of the tea infusion prepared under optimal conditions were determined and analyzed.

The optimal processing conditions were determined as follows: Siraitia grosvenorii addition of 1.3 g/500 mL, brewing time of 22.3 min, brewing temperature of 88.1 ℃ and Lonicera japonica addition of 2.3 g/500 mL. Under the optimized conditions, the sensory score of the prepared tea reached 9.4, and the chlorogenic acid content was 162.6 μg/g. The predicted sensory score and chlorogenic acid content of the models were 9.72 and 159.25 μg/g, respectively. The relative errors of all models were less than 5%, which verified the reliable predictive validity of the established models. In the tea infusion prepared under optimal conditions, the chlorogenic acid content decreased slightly within the first 3 days and decreased significantly after the third day. In addition, the total phenolic content and radical scavenging rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the prolongation of storage time.

This study realizes the synchronous improvement of active ingredient content and sensory quality of Lonicera japonica and Siraitia grosvenorii tea, which provides a systematic method for the process optimization and quality improvement of the tea product.

To conduct a systematic analysis of the safety risks associated with edible agricultural products by applying statistical methods.

Based on the supervision and sampling inspection data of edible agricultural products in 18 areas of Beijing in 2025 released by the State Administration for Market Regulation, 7 common kinds of edible agricultural products including hot pepper, celery, scallion, ginger, pork, eggs and marine fish were selected as the study objects for safety risk analysis. The binomial test with 2 benchmarks set at p₀=0.99, p₀=0.95 was adopted to classify risk levels, and special analysis was conducted focusing on the residue profiles of prohibited and restricted pesticides, veterinary drugs and heavy metals. Meanwhile, the Chi-square test was used to conduct statistical analysis on the risk differences among different varieties and the residue level differences in different regions.

The overall nonconformance rate of the selected 7 kinds of food was 0.15% (3/1942), and only scallion and egg were non-compliant, with pesticide thiamethoxam and veterinary drug florfenicol (the sum of florfenicol and florfenicol amine combined) respectively. The binomial test identified 2 kinds of potential high-risk varieties (hot pepper and celery,P<0.05 at p₀=0.99) and 5 kinds of potential medium-risk varieties (scallion, ginger, pork, egg and marine fish, P<0.05 at p₀=0.95), with no low-risk varieties found. The Chi-square test indicated no significant difference in risks among the categories (χ²=9.6135, df=6, P=0.1419>0.05). The detection rate of thiamethoxam in scallions was 12.8% (34/266) and the excess rate was 0.75% (2/266), and the excessive samples were concentrated in Fangshan District; only 1 sample of egg was excessive in florfenicol (0.44%, 1/226), which was also from Fangshan District. Regional difference analysis showed that the detection rate of thiamethoxam in scallion in Fangshan District (34.4%) was significantly higher than that in Fengtai District (3.8%), and statistically significant regional differences existed in the detection rate of florfenicol in eggs (P<0.05).

The safety risk analysis method for edible agricultural products based on the binomial test and Chi-square test constructed in this study can effectively make up for the defect that traditional risk assessment overrelies on the actual nonconformance rate, and provide a reliable statistical tool for the risk classification and precise supervision of the quality and safety of edible agricultural products. The study results can provide data support for market supervision departments to optimize sampling inspection schemes. It is suggested that the sampling inspection frequency should be increased for potentially high-risk varieties. Meanwhile special rectification of pesticide residues should be carried out on scallion products, the source control in key areas and the supervision in circulation links should be strengthened, so as to effectively ensure the quality and safety of edible agricultural products and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

To investigate the contamination status, toxin genes carriage patterns, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genomic evolution patterns of Clostridium perfringens in commercial meat and meat products in Ma’anshan City.

A total of 300 meat and meat product samples were collected from 3 districts, 3 counties and online shopping channels in Ma’anshan City from 2021 to 2024. Clostridium perfringens was identified by isolation culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The 7 kinds of toxin genes were detected by multiplex fluorescence PCR.The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 12 kinds of antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method.Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) combined with bioinformatics analysis was used to perform multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial resistance gene prediction and core-genome phylogenetic tree construction.

The total positive detection rate of Clostridium perfringens in 300 samples was 18.67% (56/300). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates among different years, sample types, sampling regions and sites (all P<0.05), among which raw poultry meat (45.16%) and farmers’ market samples (30.82%) were the most heavily contaminated. The detection of 7 kinds of toxin genes (cpa, cpb, iap, etx, cpe, netB, cbp2) showed that the positive rate of cpa gene was 100.00%, and the positive rates of cpe and cbp2 were 7.14% and 48.21%, respectively. The strains were dominated by type A (92.86%), and type E (1.79%) and type F (5.36%) were also detected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the strains had high resistance rates to tetracycline (64.29%) and clindamycin (32.14%) and 26.79% of the strains exhibited multidrug resistance; the susceptible rates to cefoperazone, meropenem and chloramphenicol were 100.00%. Whole-genome analysis revealed that the 56 strains contained 50 kinds of MLST, including 26 kinds of newly discovered types. A total of 9 kinds of antimicrobial resistance genes were identified and the carriage rates of mprF, tetA(P), and tetB(P) ranked the top 3 (85.71%, 73.21% and 69.64%, respectively). The core-genome phylogenetic tree indicated genetic homology among strains from different years and regions, suggesting a risk of cross-regional transmission.

The contamination of Clostridium perfringens in commercial meat and meat products in Ma’anshan City is relatively severe, with high toxin gene carriage rates, prominent multidrug resistance and genetic diversity. There are risks of cross-regional transmission and food poisoning, so it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of raw poultry meat and farmers’ market links.

To understand the drug use and drug residue pollution characteristics in the farmed process of Rana catesbeiana in Yunnan Province and scientifically evaluate the dietary health risk.

Based on the monitoring data of the special project on the quality and safety of key farmed varieties in Yunnan Province, the single factor pollution index method and the drug hazard quotient method were used to calculate the veterinary drug residue pollution level and dietary health risk of bullfrog.

Among the 105 batches of Rana catesbeiana monitored this time, banned drugs such as malachite green and chloramphenicol were not detected and the detection rate of drug residues of conventional drugs enrofloxacin and florfenicol was relatively high. The detection rates of enrofloxacin,florfenicol and sulfonamides were 77.14%, 68.57% and 14.28%, respectively. Based on the dietary exposure assessment of general consumption, the estimated daily intake of Rana catesbeiana products with the maximum exposure of veterinary drug residues was lower than the allowable daily intake for adults and children.

The overall dietary exposure risk of Rana catesbeianas in Yunnan is relatively low, However, the illegal use of common antibiotics such as enrofloxacin, florfenicol and sulfonamides (including overdosage and failure to observe the withdrawal period)is a prominent problem, it should be given special attention. It is necessary to continue to optimize the grid management of Rana catesbeiana and build a safety defense line for the quality and safety of Rana catesbeiana products.

To investigate the current application status of food-medicine substances in commercially available prepackaged foods and the labeling characteristics of relevant information on food packaging.

From June to October 2025, label information of prepackaged foods containing food-medicine substances ingredients sold in the market was collected. The application situation of food-medicine substances and labeling characteristics were analyzed, and the relationships between the use of food-medicine substances and food categories as well as their combined applications were explored.

A total of 583 food label samples were found to contain 103 kinds of different food-medicine substances, covering 25 product categories. Among them, beverages, convenience foods and tea and related products accounted for 327 samples (56.1%). Minimalist-type products were totaled 295 (50.6%). The 10 most frequently used food-medicine substances were: babury wolfberry fruit, Chinese date, dried orange peel, Chinese hawthorn fruit, liquorice root, indian buead, common yam rhizome, mullberry fruit, Ma-yuen jobstears seed and honey.Further analysis was conducted on the top 10 food-medicine substances used in 8 major food categories (each containing great than or equal to 20 kinds of products), which revealed that babury wolfberry fruit was the most frequently used in both beverages and tea products, and these two categories showed high similarity in the use of other food-medicine substances. In convenience foods, common yam rhizome was the most commonly used; in dairy products, Chinese hawthorn fruit was the most frequent; in confectionery and fruit products, liquorice root was the most prevalent; and in potato-based and puffed snacks, bunge pricklyath pericarp was the most used. The 7 kinds of food-medicine substances—liquorice root, babury wolfberry fruit, indian buead, common yam rhizome, Chinese hawthorn fruit, dried orange peel and Chinese date—were used across at least 4 different food categories. Regarding combined usage, 8 two-item sets (e.g., Chinese hawthorn fruit, dried orange peel) and 4 three-item sets (e.g., common yam rhizome, Indian buead, lotus seed) were found to have strong or very strong associations. The added amounts of food-medicine substances were indicated on the labels of 300 products (51.5%), while geographical origin information of the food-medicine substances was provided on 46 products (7.9%). A total of 399 products (68.4%) used text or graphics to highlight food-medicine substances-related characteristics, such as labeling with terms like “food-medicine substances”or “homology of medicine and food”.

Food-medicine substances are widely used in prepackaged foods but with high concentration, mainly relying on a small number of commonly used materials and mainstream food categories. The scientific basis of combined application of food-medicine substances, product innovation level and standardization of labeling all need to be further improved.

To investigate and analyze the contamination status of 27 kinds of elements and inorganic arsenic in seaweed and their products from markets in Hebei Province, and conduct risk exposure assessment.

nductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-ICP-MS (HPLC-ICP-MS) were employed to detect multiple elements and inorganic arsenic in 50 samples of seaweed and their products from markets in Hebei Province. Statistical analysis was performed on the detection results. Health risk assessment was conducted using internationally recognized evaluation indicators, including the Nemerow pollution index method, target hazard quotient (THQ), total target hazard quotient (TTHQ), carcinogenic risk (CR), exposure assessment and consumption recommendations.

All 27 kinds of elements and inorganic arsenic were detected,with 22 kinds of elements being fully detected. The lead exceedance rate was 14.6%. The highest single-factor pollution index of nori was Cr (at 1.88), indicating mild pollution. Among the 13 kinds of elements, the THQ of all elements except As was significantly less than 1. The TTHQ of 3 kinds of dried algae species ranked from highest to lowest as porphyra>wakame>kombu, and were all less than 1, indicating no significant adverse impact on human health.

The pollution status of 50 algal samples and their products is relatively safe. However, the comprehensive pollution index of Porphyra reached a mild pollution level. Except for As, both THQ and TTHQ were less than 1,indicating that long-term intake poses no potential health risks to humans.

To evaluate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and potential risks of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province.

This study analyzed the population structure,virulence factor profiles, and genetic evolutionary relationships of local strains at the genomic level. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 4 strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food in Jiayuguan City. Bioinformatics methods were used for molecular typing and serotype prediction, systematic screening of virulence and resistance genes,and through average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis and the construction of core genomic phylogenetic trees, the genetic similarity and evolutionary localization among strains were analyzed.

The 4 strains belonged to 4 sequence types: ST8, ST121, ST91 and ST9. All strains carried complete core virulence gene clusters and the invasion gene inlA. The ST121 strain exhibited deletion of the actA gene and an incomplete LIPI-1 virulence island. Average nucleotide identity and phylogenetic analysis showed that the ST9 strain formed a tight clonal group with specific reference strains; the ST8 strain was highly homologous to a clinical strain (ANI: 99.78%) and clustered closely on the phylogenetic tree.

This study confirmes the genetic diversity of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in Jiayuguan City and their possession of complete core virulence gene clusters. Among them, the ST8 clone showes high homology with clinical strains, indicating a clear risk of food-to-human transmission. The findings provide critical data support for establishing a genomics-based prospective early warning system for food safety risks in the region.