Science popularization is a shared responsibility of the entire society. The revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology clearly outlines the development direction that integrates the public welfare nature of science popularization services with market-oriented approaches，providing legal support for forming a collaborative effort in science popularization among the government，society，and the market. This study，in light of the relevant provisions of the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology，examines the issue from two perspectives：market mechanisms and market failures. And the study comprehensively applies economic theories such as the“invisible hand，”transaction costs，public goods，and externalities，while drawing on practical experiences from both domestic and international science popularization efforts，to demonstrate the theoretical and practical logic behind promoting the joint efforts of the government，society，and the market in advancing the cause of science popularization. The paper then analyzes the prominent issues facing science popularization in China from four aspects：the government’s ability to supply public science popularization products and services，the involvement and participation of social forces in science popularization efforts，the marketization of science popularization，and institutional safeguards. Based on this analysis，targeted thoughts and recommendations are put forward to strengthen the“Big Science Popularization”framework. This study aims to provide research support for the implementation of he revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology and to accelerate the creation of a new collaborative framework for advancing science popularization involving the government，society，and the market.

Professional talents team of science popularization is the key factor in the development of high-quality science popularization and an important force in facilitating scientific and technological innovation. The revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology dedicates an independent chapter to science popularization personnel，stipulating provisions to encourage scientific and technical workers’participation in public outreach and cultivate professional science communicators，while setting requirements for the professional development of science popularization talents team. Through analysis of relevant legal policies，research literature，and statistical data on science popularization，this paper examines the distribution patterns and existing challenges of science popularization talents team in China. It identifies strategic directions for talents training，cultivation，and team building，ultimately proposing actionable recommendations to expand the science popularization talents team and achieve professionalization of science popularization personnel，including four areas：integrated and collaborative promotion of science and education human resources allocation to science popularization，systematized training to enhance science popularization competence，disciplinization of talents cultivation to elevate the professional level of science popularization and pragmatic evaluation to ensure the stable development of the talents pool.

The revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology provides a more perfect and powerful legal guarantee for the development of science and technology popularization in China，among which“strengthening science education”is one of the key points to implement the social responsibility of science popularization. By introducing the motivation and specific provisions of the science education which newly added in the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology，this paper deeply discusses that science education is an important content of science and technology popularization. Based on the existing research，this paper analyzes the actual problems existing in the current implementation of science education，such as social coordination mechanism，the construction of scientific education personnel and the supply of scientific education resources. Centering on the system mechanism，subject responsibility and teaching elements of science education，this paper constructs the implementation path of science education in the new era from four aspects：standardized guarantee，multi-subject collaboration，professional personnel and high-quality resources，provides ideas for the practice of science education under the vision of the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology. Finally，several specific implementation strategies and suggestions are put forward：to ensure the guidance of laws and policies，to introduce special science education laws，and to strengthen science education research to provide theoretical and empirical support for the reform；all sectors of society promote the integrated development of science education in a multi-subject collaborative way，and gradually build a pattern of“big science education”；optimize the construction of science education personnel from the aspects of quantity，quality and allocation，enhance the professional literacy of science education personnel by strengthening pre-service cultivating and post-service training，and to promote the quality and efficiency of science education；pay attention to the practice-oriented，interdisciplinary and digital nature of science education resources，integrate and share science education resources online and offline through multiple channels，strengthen international exchanges and cooperation，and enable the balanced development of science education with digital intelligence.

Universities are not only the main positions for cultivating scientific and technological innovation talents，but also shoulder the important mission of improving the scientific literacy of college students. The science and technology general education curriculum is an important vehicle for universities to fulfill their responsibility of popularizing science and achieving the goal of educating people. The revision and implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology has further provided clear requirements and guidance for the science and technology general education curriculum in universities. In this context，based on the interpretation of the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology and the analysis of 10 representative colleges and universities in China，it was found that there were the following problems in the construction of the science and technology general education curriculum in Chinese universities：the positioning of the curriculum was not clear enough，the function of popularising science had not been sufficiently highlighted，and the targets for scientific literacy were not precisely defined；module settings were inconsistent，curriculum types tended to be homogeneous，and a pronounced tendency towards knowledge-centric course content was evident; teaching methods were somewhat uniform，and teaching resources were somewhat scarce；insufficient attention was paid to the evaluation of the learning process，course quality monitoring and management were relatively weak，and there was an insufficient response to the development needs of students. In order to better respond to the requirements of the current science and technology policy and the educational needs of the development of the times，Chinese universities should enhance the science popularisation function of science and technology general education curriculum，establish multi-dimensional course objectives aimed at enhancing students’scientific literacy；reinforce the responsibility for science popularization，enhance the overall planning and optimize the structure of the categories of science and technology general education curriculum；concentrate on scientific concepts and perspectives with universal value，and promote the integration of science and technology curriculum content，the diversification of teaching methods and the diversification of learning evaluation methods; enhance the management，monitoring，and support for science and technology general education curriculum，and effectively reflect the unique function of science and technology general courses to enhance the scientific literacy of college students.

On December 25，2024，the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology underwent its first revision since its enactment 22 years ago. This revision introduced new regulations concerning the governance of disinformation and misinformation，providing a legal foundation for the collaborative governance of such information. Grounded in an analysis of the current challenges in combating disinformation and misinformation，this study examines how the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology shapes the framework for collaborative governance of disinformation and misinformation，and further explores implementation pathways for such governance under this framework. The study finds that the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology establishes a governance framework characterized by multi-stakeholder co-governance. It introduces a dual content review standard focusing on both scientific validity and legality and constructs a comprehensive governance system featuring“prevention-monitoring evaluation -disposal”，which provides solutions to the governance challenges of disinformation and misinformation in the digital intelligence era. In the future，it is necessary to establish a multi-dimensional and integrated safeguard system encompassing institutional frameworks，technological infrastructure，organizational and talent development，economic and resource allocation，as well as social and cultural dimensions to promote the effective implementation of relevant legal provisions.

Since the 1990s，China’s local legislation on science popularization has undergone prolonged development，gradually establishing regional legal frameworks of paradigmatic vzalue. These frameworks have significantly contributed to improving the national science popularization governance system. Grounded in the theory and practice of local science popularization legislation，this study reviews the developmental trajectory and characteristics of China’s regional legal systems for science popularization over the past three decades. It summarizes the close connection between local legislation and national technological advancement and strategic requirements. In alignment with the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology，this research proposes recommendations for future local legislation，including accelerating alignment with higher-level laws，clarifying legislative objectives and planning，fostering collaborative efforts，and pooling resources to highlight local characteristics. The findings aim to provide reference for advancing science popularization legislation across regions.

In 2023，the Regulations of Zhejiang Province on Popularization of Science and Technology were promulgated，making as the first local legislation of science popularization implemented following the issuance of the Guidelines on Strengthening Science Popularization in the New Era. This regulation emphasizes pioneering experimentation and embodies distinct regional characteristics. By benchmarking against the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology，this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the legislative features and existing challenges of the Regulations of Zhejiang Province on Popularization of Science and Technology. Key legislative experiences are summarized：Upholding the Party’s leadership in legislation to ensure full implementation of national strategies；Proactive legislative responses to unleash scientific innovation potential；Inclusive and consensus-driven legislation integrating whole-process public participation；Effectiveness-oriented legislation to promote the healthy development of science popularization in the new era. These insights aim to provide references for localized science popularization legislation tailored to regional contexts.

The junior high school period constitutes a critical developmental stage for adolescents’science career aspirations. Investigating science career aspirations among rural junior high students represents a significant concern within science education research. Existing studies indicate that rural Junior Middle School students generally perform suboptimal in developing science career aspirations. This Research employs the conceptual framework of science capital to examine factors influencing rural Chinese students’science career aspirations. The research systematically investigates the differential impacts of science capital components through a questionnaire survey administered to 2 022 rural junior high students in Guangxi province，combined with ordered logistic regression and marginal effects analysis. Results reveal that higher science capital levels significantly predict stronger science career aspirations. Notably，science-related cultural capital demonstrates dual-directional influences，while science-related social capital exhibits consistent positive effects. Science-related behaviors and practices show limited explanatory power，with certain elements even displaying negative associations. Based on the survey results，this Research finally proposes targeted strategies to enhance the science career aspirations of rural junior middle school students from three dimensions of science capital.

Science career expectation is of great significance to the training of scientific and technological talents. Through the investigation of 4 211 primary and secondary school students in Sichuan and Chongqing area，this study found that: on the one hand，there are significant differences in gender，urban and rural areas，and educational stage of primary and secondary school students' science career expectations and the influencing factors. Science self-efficacy and parental factors have a greater impact on girls，parental factors have a greater impact on students in rural areas，and science participation has a greater impact on high school students. On the other hand，science identity，science self-efficacy，science participation，peer factors，and parental factors all have a significant impact on the science career expectations of primary and secondary school students，with science identity having the greatest impact. Based on research findings，this study suggests leveraging the positive effects of science self-efficacy and parental factors on girls’science career expectations，the positive impact of parental factors on the science career expectations of students in rural areas，the positive role of science participation on high school students’science career expectations，and centering on science identity to enhance its positive influence on the science career expectations of primary and secondary school students，thereby cultivating more top talents in science and technology.

The primary school science education curriculum is the key focus for hatching students’scientific spirit and innovative quality in the new era. Looking at the historical development process，the curriculum policy of primary school science education from the beginning of the 20th century to now has experienced five stages：germination and attempt，foundation and exploration，adjustment and restoration，deepening and promotion，innovation and optimization，and has realized four transformations: In terms of value orientation，it has realized the transformation and regression from“instrumental value”to“intrinsic value”；in terms of target orientation，it has realized the iterative update from“serving social construction”to“developing scientific literacy”；in terms of content selection，it has realized the continuous improvement from“popularizing knowledge”to“comprehensive curriculum”. In the evaluation implementation，it has realized the gradual linkage from“one-way”education to“diversified”education. In the future，the standardization and innovation of the curriculum policy of primary school science education should insist on strengthening the overall planning and guiding the policy direction with a high position；Change the concept and practice，with the core quality as the guide to strengthen the moral and cultivate people’s goals；Pay attention to depth and integration，and promote the optimization and improvement of comprehensive course content；Pay attention to process and value-added，broaden the evaluation method and resource matrix.