The modern science and technology museum system is an essential force for popularizing scientific knowledge，promoting the spirit of science，improving the scientific literacy of the whole nation，and achieving the equalization of basic public cultural services. Based on the development data and practice cases of the construction of the modern science and technology museum system from 2012 to 2024，this paper draws on the theory of synergism，summarises the practice of synergistic development of the modern science and technology museum system，analyses the problems，modes，and mechanisms，and explores the future development strategies. The study shows that in terms of synergistic practice，there are mainly problems such as insufficient total amount of science popularization resources，unbalanced regional distribution，and imperfect top-level internal and external synergy design. In terms of synergistic mode and mechanism construction，we carried out problem-oriented research，summarised the synergistic development modes of intra-provincial synergistic mode，regional synergistic mode and cross-field synergistic mode，increased the overall supply of science popularization resources and reduced the regional supply gap，and connected resources and activities and promoted the information construction of the the system. Finally，it proposes strategies for the future synergistic development of the system，i.e.，strengthening intra-provincial synergy，improving regional synergy，and promoting cross-field synergy，to better serve the equalization of science popularization services at the grassroots level and the improvement of the scientific literacy for all people.